RESUMO
This study describes the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii from patients with chronic meningitis who were admitted to 16 Malaysian hospitals, from 2003 to 2004. Of the 96 cryptococcal cases reported over the 2-year period, 74 (77.1%) patients were male and 45 (46.9%) patients were between 30 and 39 years old. Cryptococcosis was uncommon in children. A total of 57 (59.4%) and 23 (24.0%) patients were Malay and Chinese respectively. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was the major underlying disease reported in 36 (37.5%) patients. C. neoformans var. grubii (serotype A and molecular type VNI) was the predominant Cryptococcus species isolated from 88.5% of cryptococcal cases in this country. Cryptococcal cases due to C. neoformans var. grubii were reported from all the five regions in Malaysia, with the most number of cases reported from the central and northern regions. Cryptococcus gattii (all were serotype B and molecular types VGI/II) was isolated from all regions except the southern region. Compared with a study conducted prior to the AIDS era, our findings show substantial changes in the demographical characteristics of patients.
Assuntos
Cryptococcus gattii/isolamento & purificação , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolamento & purificação , Meningite Criptocócica/epidemiologia , Meningite Criptocócica/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Criança , Comorbidade , Etnicidade , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Humanos , Malásia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Invasive Neisseria meningitidis infection is rare but carries a high mortality rate. The carriage rate in the normal population is around 10% and can be higher in confined populations. A study on the prevalence of carriage of N. meningitidis was conducted among 3195 army recruits after 2 months of intensive training in an army camp. N. meningitidis was isolated from 37.0% of these recruits. Two hundred and ten of N. meningitidis isolates were subjected to serogrouping and 100 to antibiotic sensitivity testing by the disc diffusion method and E-test for penicillin. Ten (4.8%) of 210 Neisseria meningitidis serogrouped belonged to serogroup W135, 3.33% serogroup A and 81.4% belonged to either serogroup X, Y or Z. With the agar disc diffusion method, all the N. meningitidis showed susceptiblity to chloramphenicol, rifampicin, cefotaxime and levofloxacin; 85% of the strains were resistant to cotrimoxazole and 12.5% resistant to penicillin. However, based on minimum inhibitory concentration, none of the Neisseria meningitidis tested was resistant to penicillin.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Infecções Meningocócicas/transmissão , Neisseria meningitidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Neisseria meningitidis/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções Meningocócicas/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , MilitaresRESUMO
The in-vitro susceptibility of quinupristin/dalfopristin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, which are also resistant to fusidic acid and rifampicin were carried out to determine whether these antibiotics can be used as an alternative treatment for multiply resistant MRSA strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these antibiotics were determined by E-test. Quinupristin/dalfopristin had good activity (MIC90 = 1 mg/L) against these strains while most of the strains showed intermediate resistance to moxifloxacin with MIC90 = 2 mg/L). However, more than 90% of these strains were resistant to levofloxacin with the MICs that ranged from 8 mg/L to 16 mg/L with the majority inhibited at 8 mg/L.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Compostos Aza/farmacologia , Ácido Fusídico/farmacologia , Levofloxacino , Resistência a Meticilina , Ofloxacino/farmacologia , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Rifampina/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Virginiamicina/análogos & derivados , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Fluoroquinolonas , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Malásia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Moxifloxacina , Virginiamicina/farmacologiaRESUMO
In this study, recombinant proteins that encompassed the AD I-AD III regions of 56 kDa immunodominant gene of 2 Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) serotypes; Gilliam and TA763 were expressed in Escherichia coli. Both recombinant proteins exhibited serologic cross-reactivity with the rabbit antisera against various OT serotypes, as evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but not against other rickettsial species, including Rickettsia typhi, R. prowazekii and TT118 SFG rickettsiae. The feasibility of using the recombinant proteins as a diagnostic reagent was further evaluated by ELISA using sera from blood donors and scrub typhus patients. The results suggested a higher affinity of the antihuman IgM than IgG with both recombinant proteins. The IgM ELISA findings were agreeable with the results of indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) assay especially with sera of high antibody (1:1600). However, more than one antigen are probably needed for development of an effective assay for serodiagnosis of scrub typhus in endemic areas.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Orientia tsutsugamushi/imunologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Proteínas Recombinantes/análise , Tifo por Ácaros/diagnóstico , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Reações Cruzadas , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/métodos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Coelhos , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Tifo por Ácaros/imunologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes Sorológicos/métodos , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The emergence and spread of multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, especially those resistant to fusidic acid and rifampicin, in Malaysian hospitals is of concern. In this study DNA fingerprinting by PFGE was performed on fusidic acid- and rifampicin-resistant isolates from Malaysian hospitals to determine the genetic relatedness of these isolates and their relationship with the endemic MRSA strains. In all, 32 of 640 MRSA isolates from 9 Malaysian hospitals were resistant to fusidic acid and rifampicin. Seven PFGE types (A, ZC, ZI, ZJ, ZK, ZL and ZM) were observed. The commonest type was type ZC, seen in 72% of isolates followed by type A, seen in 13%. Each of the other types (ZI, ZJ, ZK, ZL and ZM) was observed in a single isolate. Each type, even the commonest, was found in only one hospital. This suggests that the resistant strains had arisen from individual MRSA strains in each hospital and not as a result of the transmission of a common clone.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Impressões Digitais de DNA/métodos , Ácido Fusídico/farmacologia , Rifampina/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Humanos , Malásia/epidemiologia , Resistência a Meticilina/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genéticaRESUMO
Isolates of 390 Staphylococcus aureus were tested against 13 different antibiotics by a disc diffusion method as recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Strains were isolated from blood (5.7%), cerebrospinal fluid (0.5%), respiratory tract (11.8%), pus and wound (73.3%), urine (1.8%), genital specimens (1.0%) and other specimens (4.3%). Only 4.6% of the isolates were fully susceptible to all the drugs tested. Resistance to penicillin was 94.1%, methicillin, 39.7%, chloramphenicol, 8.5%, ciprofloxacin, 29.2%, clindamycin, 2.1%, erythromycin, 45.9% gentamicin, 40.5%; rifampicin, 3.3% tetracycline, 47.2%, co-trimoxazole, 38.5%, mupirocin, 2.8%, fusidic acid, 3.6%. None of the isolates was resistant to vancomycin. The susceptibility of methicillin-resistant strains to erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin was low, while clindamycin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, and rifampicin remained active.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Humanos , Malásia , Resistência a Meticilina , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Resistência a VancomicinaRESUMO
A serosurvey was conducted in 1995-97 among 1596 febrile patients from 8 health centres in Malaysia for antibodies against Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT), Rickettsia typhi (RT) and TT118 spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) by using an indirect immunoperoxidase assay. A total of 51.4% patients had antibody against at least 1 of those rickettsiae. Antibody to SFGR was most prevalent (42.5%), followed by RT (28.1%) and OT (24.9%). The seroprevalences of antibodies to SFGR, RT or OT alone were 12.4, 3.6 and 4.3%, respectively. Antibodies against more than 1 species of rickettsiae were presence in 31.1% of the patients, suggesting the possibility of co-infection, previous exposures or serological cross-reactivities. Seroprevalence of the various rickettsiae varied according to locality, with SFGR antibodies being the most prevalent in most areas. There was no significant association of prevalence of rickettsial antibody with gender. The seroprevalence of OT, SFGR and RT increased with patient age but an increase of antibody titre with age was not significant. Those working in the agricultural sectors had significantly higher seroprevalence of OT, SFGR and RT than those not related with agricultural activities. Scrub typhus remains a public health problem with an estimated annual attack rate of 18.5%. Tick typhus and murine typhus as shown in this serosurvey appear much more widespread than scrub typhus in this country.
Assuntos
Orientia tsutsugamushi/imunologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/epidemiologia , Rickettsia typhi/imunologia , Tifo por Ácaros/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Criança , Feminino , Febre/epidemiologia , Febre/microbiologia , Humanos , Malásia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Infecções por Rickettsia/diagnóstico , Infecções por Rickettsia/imunologia , Saúde da População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Tifo por Ácaros/diagnóstico , Tifo por Ácaros/imunologiaRESUMO
The indirect immunoperoxidase (HP) test has been used extensively in most government hospitals in Malaysia for the serodiagnosis of scrub typhus, murine typhus and tick typhus during the 1990s. The test was used to determine the IgG and IgM antibody titers in patients' sera for three rickettsial species, ie Orientia tsutsugamushi OT; the causative agent of scrub typhus), Rickettsia typhi (RT; the causative agent of murine typhus), and TT118 spotted fever group rickettsiae (TT; the causative agent of tick typhus). The serological findings obtained from Malaysian hospitals using the IIP test (1994-1999) were analyzed. During the six-year period, a total of 61,501 patients' sera were tested, of which 9.6%, 10.5%, and 12.9% had antibody (IgG and/or IgM of > or = 1:50) for OT, RT and TT respectively. A total of 8.6%, 9.8%, and 9.7% of sera had IgG antibody of > or = 1:50 for OT, RT, and TT respectively, indicating past infection. A total of 3.4%, 3.8%, and 6.4 % of sera had IgM antibody of > or = 1:50 for OT, RT, and TT respectively, indicating recent infection. A total of 2,986 (4.9%), 1,882 (3.1%), and 1,574 (2.6%) of sera had IgG and/or IgM antibody titers of > or = 1:400 for OT, RT, and TT respectively, suggesting active rickettsial infection. The seropositivity rates of OT, RT and TT varied according to geographical locations. While the seropositivity of OT remained constant during the six-year period, a reduction in the seropositivity of both RT and TT was noted during recent years. The serological findings reflect the endemicity of rickettsial diseases, including tick typhus, and endemic typhus in various parts of Malaysia. Awareness of these diseases by health and medical staff and by the general public is important if the mortality and morbidity associated with scrub typhus, tick typhus, and murine typhus in Malaysia, are to be reduced.
Assuntos
Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/métodos , Peroxidases/metabolismo , Infecções por Rickettsia/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Humanos , Malásia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In this study, the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi (strain B. afzelii) among Malaysian blood donors and patients admitted to hospital with various infectious diseases was determined. Sera were screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); positive sera were then subjected to Western blot testing. All but one of the blood donors were negative for borrelial antibodies. Of 121 patients' sera, IgM antibodies were detected in 24 (19.8%) and IgG antibodies were detected in 5 (4.1%) sera. Only one of two patients with skin manifestations suggestive of Lyme disease had IgM antibody against B. afzelii. Of 30 patients with exposure to tick typhus, 4 (13.3%) were IgM positive and 1 (3.3%) was IgG positive. Based on the detection of antigenic bands by Western blot, 6 patients' sera showed positive reactions. Antigenic bands of p39, p41 and p59/62 kDa were the commonest findings of Western blotting. This study provides serological evidence of B. afzelii infections in Malaysia; further investigation is needed to correlate serological and clinical findings.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Doença de Lyme/epidemiologia , Adulto , Western Blotting , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Doença de Lyme/sangue , Doença de Lyme/imunologia , Malásia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Vigilância da População , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
The seroprevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT), Rickettsia typhi (RT) and TT118 spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) among blood donors and febrile Malaysian patients in the urban areas was determined. Of the 240 blood donors, 5.4%, 9.2% and 1.7% had either present or previous exposure to OT, RT and SFG rickettsiae, respectively. Patients admitted to an urban hospital had high seroprevalences of OT (43.5%) and RT (22.9%), as compared to SFGR (11.6%). Antibody levels suggestive of recent infections of scrub typhus, murine typhus and tick typhus were detected in 16.8%, 12.7% and 8.2% of patients respectively. No significant difference was noted in the distribution of rickettsial antibodies among urban patients from 2 geographical locations. However, the serologic patterns of rickettsial infection in the urban areas were different form those of rural areas.
Assuntos
Orientia tsutsugamushi/imunologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/epidemiologia , Rickettsia typhi/imunologia , Tifo por Ácaros/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Doadores de Sangue , Criança , Feminino , Febre/epidemiologia , Febre/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Malásia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Infecções por Rickettsia/diagnóstico , Infecções por Rickettsia/imunologia , Tifo por Ácaros/diagnóstico , Tifo por Ácaros/imunologia , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
A rapid diagnostic system for scrub typhus using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to clinical samples from Malaysian Aborigines. Whole blood from twenty-four patients suspected of scrub typhus infection were tested using nested polymerase chain reaction and sera were evaluated by the indirect immunoperoxidase test. Antibody responses towards Rickettsia tsutsugamushi were observed in seventeen patients with the majority having high titers of IgG antibodies. Seven patients were seronegative. The nested PCR amplified R. tsutsugamushi DNA from six patients, of which two were negative serologically and four had high titers of IgG antibodies. Second samples collected seven days after treatment were negative by PCR testing. Nested PCR is highly sensitive and specific and may be used to provide rapid confirmation of scrub typhus cases in endemic region.
Assuntos
Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico , Orientia tsutsugamushi/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Tifo por Ácaros/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Humanos , Lactente , Malásia/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Grupos Raciais , Tifo por Ácaros/epidemiologia , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Isolation of rickettsiae from patients' blood samples and organ samples of wild rodents from areas with high seroprevalence of rickettsial infections was attempted using cell culture assay and animal passages. L929 mouse fibroblast cells grown in 24 well tissue culture plate were inoculated with buffy coat of febrile patients and examined for the growth of rickettsiae by Giemsa, Gimenez staining and direct immunofluorescence assay. No rickettsiae were isolated from 48 patients' blood samples. No symptomatic infections were noted in mice or guinea pigs infected with 50 organ samples of wild rodents. There was no rickettsial DNA amplified from these samples using various PCR detection systems for Orientia tsutsugamushi, typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiae.
Assuntos
Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Infecções por Rickettsia/microbiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/veterinária , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Roedores/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Corantes Azur , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Criança , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Feminino , Técnica Direta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Cobaias , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Malásia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Rickettsia/classificação , Rickettsia/genética , Rickettsia/imunologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/sangue , Infecções por Rickettsia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/imunologia , Doenças dos Roedores/sangue , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Roedores/imunologia , Roedores , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
The seroprevalence of various Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) strains among Malaysian patients with suspected scrub typhus infections was determined using an indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) assay. IgG against a single OT strain were detected in six sera (3 Karp, 1 Gilliam and 2 TC586), whereas IgM antibodies against a single OT strain (Gilliam) were noted in 3 sera (Gilliam). IgG reactive to all OT strains were present in 33 (47.1%) of the 70 sera and IgM reactive to all OT strains were present in 22 (78.6%) of the 28 sera. The fact that most sera were reactive to multiple OT strains suggests that group-specific antigens are involved in scrub typhus infections, whereas very few were due to strain-specific epitopes present on these strains. Peak IgG and IgM titers were noted more frequently against Gilliam, Karp, and TA763 strains: this suggests that these strains may be the commonest infecting strains among Malaysian patients. Two predominant OT polypeptides consistently reacted with patients' sera were the 70 kDa and 56 kDa proteins.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/análise , Orientia tsutsugamushi/classificação , Orientia tsutsugamushi/imunologia , Tifo por Ácaros/epidemiologia , Tifo por Ácaros/microbiologia , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/métodos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Malásia/epidemiologia , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
The pathogenicity of Malaysian isolates of Orientia tsutsugamushi was investigated by a mouse virulence assay. The isolates could be differentiated as low (4 isolates), moderately (3 isolates) and highly virulent (2 isolates) based on the different responses in infected mice. No direct correlation between severity of human scrub typhus infections and virulence of the O. tsutsugamushi in mice was observed. Mice infected with virulent strains of O. tsutsugamushi showed splenomegaly, ascitis accumulation and enlargement of kidneys and livers whereas avirulent O. tsutsugamushi strains were asymptomatic and exhibited ruffled fur for a short period after infection. There was low antibody response in mice infected with isolates of low pathogenicity as compared with those of highly virulent isolates. Upon dissection of the infected mice, enlargement of mouse organs such as spleen, kidney and liver was noted. Presence of rickettsemia in mice was confirmed by the growth of O. tsutsugamushi in the L929 cells when inoculated with blood from infected mice. O. tsutsugamushi was also cultured from the peritoneal exudates of the infected mice. However, DNA of O. tsutsugamushi was only detected in the peritoneal exudates (by PCR) and blood (by cell culture) and not from other tissue samples.
Assuntos
Orientia tsutsugamushi/patogenicidade , Tifo por Ácaros/microbiologia , Animais , Líquido Ascítico/microbiologia , Malásia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Esplenomegalia/microbiologia , Esplenomegalia/patologiaRESUMO
Interpretation of the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for melioidosis in endemic areas is difficult because of the presence of antibodies in apparently healthy individuals. Fifty-three out of 200 healthy blood donors in Malaysia showed positive antibody titers (> or = 1 : 40) against Burkholderia pseudomallei. Seven percent had an IHA titer of 1 : 40, 11% had an IHA titer of 1 : 80 while 8.5% had a titer > or = 1 : 160. Out of 258 sera sent for melioidosis serology, 7% of the patients had an IHA titer of 1 : 40, 9% had an IHA titer of 1 : 80 while 20% had an IHA titer of > or = 1 : 160. If a titer of > or = 1 : 80 is taken as cut off point for positivity, 29% of the patients had positive melioidosis serology. Increasing the positivity threshold may jeopardize the sensitivity of the test. A more specific and sensitive test is needed.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Burkholderia pseudomallei/imunologia , Testes de Hemaglutinação/métodos , Melioidose/imunologia , Doenças Endêmicas , Humanos , Malásia/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento , Melioidose/epidemiologia , Melioidose/prevenção & controle , Prevalência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Using cultured mouse fibroblast L929 cells, this study demonstrated the hemolytic and cytotoxic activities and induction of apoptosis in cells infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi. Low levels of hemolytic activity were detected using heavily infected cells. No hemolysin or cytotoxin were detected in the infected culture fluid regardless of the pathogenicity of the O. tsutsugamushi strains in mice. Using propidium iodide uptake assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling assay, apoptosis was observed in L929 cells infected with Karp and Gilliam strains.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Hemólise , Orientia tsutsugamushi/patogenicidade , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Corantes , Técnicas In Vitro , Camundongos , Ovinos , Fatores de VirulênciaRESUMO
Strains of Salmonella typhi implicated in two separate cases of laboratory acquired infection from patients and the medical laboratory technologists who processed the patients' samples were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Although all four isolates were of bacteriophage type E1, PFGE was able to demonstrate that the strains responsible for the two laboratory acquired cases were not genetically related. The PFGE patterns of the isolates from the MLTs were found to be identical to those of the corresponding patients after digestion with restriction enzyme AvrII. This provided genetic as well as epidemiological evidence for the source of the laboratory acquired infections.
Assuntos
Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Doenças Endêmicas , Infecção Laboratorial/epidemiologia , Salmonella typhi , Febre Tifoide/epidemiologia , Tipagem de Bacteriófagos , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Humanos , Infecção Laboratorial/diagnóstico , Infecção Laboratorial/microbiologia , Malásia , Salmonella typhi/genética , Febre Tifoide/diagnóstico , Febre Tifoide/microbiologiaRESUMO
A total of 402 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from a variety of food samples and screened for enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Screening was carried out using 15 specific monovalent antisera from Murex Diagnostic Limited. A total of 19 E. coli isolates were serotyped as EPEC. The EPEC strains were shown to belong to 8 serotypes. Eight out of 19 EPEC strains belonged to serotype 018C:K77 (B21). Seventeen out of 19 of the EPEC strains were isolated from cooked food. The presence of E. coli in cooked food is an indicator of fecal contamination and a sign of unhygienic food handling. The presence of EPEC in food could be a potential source of food-borne outbreak. Hygiene training for every food-handler is a necessity.
Assuntos
Culinária , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Bebidas/microbiologia , Grão Comestível/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/classificação , Frutas/microbiologia , Malásia , Sorotipagem , Verduras/microbiologiaRESUMO
Central nervous system manifestations are probably the most frequent extrapulmonary complications of infections due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, occur mostly in children. In this study, we attempted to isolate M. pneumoniae and to detect the organism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF) of pediatric patients. Of the 244 CSF samples, no M. pneumoniae was isolated. Six (2.5%) of the CSF samples were positive by PCR amplification. More effort are necessary to isolate the organism from CSF samples in order to ascertain the role of M. pneumoniae in causing neurological complications.
Assuntos
Infecções por Mycoplasma/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Malásia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/genéticaRESUMO
Isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from respiratory tract specimens obtained from 200 adult and 200 pediatric patients. M. pneumoniae was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 1(0.5%) adult patient and 4(2.0%) tracheal aspirates of pediatric patients. PCR was positive for only one (0.5%) broncoalveolar lavage fluid of an adult patient and fifteen (7.5%) tracheal aspirates of pediatric patients. This study suggested that M. pneumoniae was more frequently detected in pediatric patients and PCR appears to have advantages over isolation, in terms of rapidity and sensitivity.