RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Long-term persistence of Ebola virus (EBOV) in immunologically privileged sites has been implicated in recent outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study was designed to understand how the acute course of EVD, convalescence, and host immune and genetic factors may play a role in prolonged viral persistence in semen. METHODS: A cohort of 131 male EVD survivors in Liberia were enrolled in a case-case study. "Early clearers" were defined as those with 2 consecutive negative EBOV semen test results by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) ≥2 weeks apart within 1 year after discharge from the Ebola treatment unit or acute EVD. "Late clearers" had detectable EBOV RNA by rRT-PCR >1 year after discharge from the Ebola treatment unit or acute EVD. Retrospective histories of their EVD clinical course were collected by questionnaire, followed by complete physical examinations and blood work. RESULTS: Compared with early clearers, late clearers were older (median, 42.5 years; P < .001) and experienced fewer severe clinical symptoms (median 2, P = .006). Late clearers had more lens opacifications (odds ratio, 3.9 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-13.3]; P = .03), after accounting for age, higher total serum immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) titers (P = .005), and increased expression of the HLA-C*03:04 allele (0.14 [.02-.70]; P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Older age, decreased illness severity, elevated total serum IgG3 and HLA-C*03:04 allele expression may be risk factors for the persistence of EBOV in the semen of EVD survivors. EBOV persistence in semen may also be associated with its persistence in other immunologically protected sites, such as the eye.
Assuntos
Ebolavirus , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola , Humanos , Masculino , Ebolavirus/genética , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/epidemiologia , Sêmen , Libéria/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Antígenos HLA-C , Sobreviventes , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lassa fever is a zoonotic, acute viral illness first identified in Nigeria in 1969. An estimate shows that the "at risk" seronegative population (in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Nigeria) may be as high as 59 million, with an annual incidence of all illnesses of 3 million, and fatalities up to 67 000, demonstrating the serious impact of the disease on the region and global health. METHODS: Histopathologic evaluation, immunohistochemical assay, and electron microscopic examination were performed on postmortem tissue samples from 12 confirmed Lassa fever cases. RESULTS: Lassa fever virus antigens and viral particles were observed in multiple organ systems and cells, including cells in the mononuclear phagocytic system and other specialized cells where it had not been described previously. CONCLUSIONS: The immunolocalization of Lassa fever virus antigens in fatal cases provides novel insightful information with clinical and pathogenetic implications. The extensive involvement of the mononuclear phagocytic system, including tissue macrophages and endothelial cells, suggests participation of inflammatory mediators from this lineage with the resulting vascular dilatation and increasing permeability. Other findings indicate the pathogenesis of Lassa fever is multifactorial and additional studies are needed.
Assuntos
Febre Lassa , Viroses , Células Endoteliais , Humanos , Incidência , Febre Lassa/epidemiologia , Vírus LassaRESUMO
This report summarizes the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine (Ervebo) in the United States. The vaccine contains rice-derived recombinant human serum albumin and live attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in which the gene encoding the glycoprotein of VSV was replaced with the gene encoding the glycoprotein of Ebola virus species Zaire ebolavirus. Persons with a history of severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to rice protein should not receive Ervebo. This is the first and only vaccine currently licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of Ebola virus disease (EVD). These guidelines will be updated based on availability of new data or as new vaccines are licensed to protect against EVD.ACIP recommends preexposure vaccination with Ervebo for adults aged ≥18 years in the U.S. population who are at highest risk for potential occupational exposure to Ebola virus species Zaire ebolavirus because they are responding to an outbreak of EVD, work as health care personnel at federally designated Ebola treatment centers in the United States, or work as laboratorians or other staff at biosafety level 4 facilities in the United States. Recommendations for use of Ervebo in additional populations at risk for exposure and other settings will be considered and discussed by ACIP in the future.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Ebola/administração & dosagem , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Comitês Consultivos , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/epidemiologia , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , United States Food and Drug AdministrationRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Ebola virus (EBOV), species Zaire ebolavirus, may persist in the semen of male survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD). We conducted a study of male survivors of the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in Liberia and evaluated their immune responses to EBOV. We report here findings from the serologic testing of blood for EBOV-specific antibodies, molecular testing for EBOV in blood and semen, and serologic testing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a subset of study participants. METHODS: We tested for EBOV RNA in blood by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and for anti-EBOV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 126 study participants. We performed PBMC analysis on a subgroup of 26 IgG-negative participants. RESULTS: All 126 participants tested negative for EBOV RNA in blood by qRT-PCR. The blood of 26 participants tested negative for EBOV-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. PBMCs were collected from 23/26 EBOV IgG-negative participants. Of these, 1/23 participants had PBMCs that produced anti-EBOV-specific IgG antibodies upon stimulation with EBOV-specific glycoprotein (GP) and nucleoprotein (NP) antigens. CONCLUSIONS: The blood of EVD survivors, collected when they did not have symptoms meeting the case definition for acute or relapsed EVD, is unlikely to pose a risk for EBOV transmission. We identified 1 IgM/IgG negative participant who had PBMCs that produced anti-EBOV-specific antibodies upon stimulation. Immunogenicity following acute EBOV infection may exist along a spectrum, and absence of antibody response should not be exclusionary in determining an individual's status as a survivor of EVD.
Assuntos
Ebolavirus , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola , Anticorpos Antivirais , Ebolavirus/genética , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Libéria/epidemiologia , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Transcrição Reversa , Sêmen , SobreviventesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: During 2017, a multistate outbreak investigation occurred after the confirmation of Seoul virus (SEOV) infections in people and pet rats. A total of 147 humans and 897 rats were tested. METHODS: In addition to immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM serology and traditional reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), novel quantitative RT-PCR primers/probe were developed, and whole genome sequencing was performed. RESULTS: Seventeen people had SEOV IgM, indicating recent infection; 7 reported symptoms and 3 were hospitalized. All patients recovered. Thirty-one facilities in 11 US states had SEOV infection, and among those with ≥10 rats tested, rat IgG prevalence ranged 2%-70% and SEOV RT-PCR positivity ranged 0%-70%. Human laboratory-confirmed cases were significantly associated with rat IgG positivity and RT-PCR positivity (P = .03 and P = .006, respectively). Genomic sequencing identified >99.5% homology between SEOV sequences in this outbreak, and these were >99% identical to SEOV associated with previous pet rat infections in England, the Netherlands, and France. Frequent trade of rats between home-based ratteries contributed to transmission of SEOV between facilities. CONCLUSIONS: Pet rat owners, breeders, and the healthcare and public health community should be aware and take steps to prevent SEOV transmission in pet rats and to humans. Biosecurity measures and diagnostic testing can prevent further infections.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/transmissão , Doenças dos Roedores/transmissão , Vírus Seoul/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Cruzamento , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Genoma Viral/genética , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/diagnóstico , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/epidemiologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Animais de Estimação/virologia , Filogenia , Prevalência , RNA Viral/genética , Ratos , Doenças dos Roedores/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia , Vírus Seoul/classificação , Vírus Seoul/genética , Vírus Seoul/imunologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Zoonoses Virais/diagnóstico , Zoonoses Virais/epidemiologia , Zoonoses Virais/transmissão , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Uganda has experienced seven Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks and four Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) outbreaks between 2000 and 2019. We investigated the seroprevalence and risk factors for Marburg virus and ebolaviruses in gold mining communities around Kitaka gold mine in Western Uganda and compared them to non-mining communities in Central Uganda. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered and human blood samples were collected from three exposure groups in Western Uganda (gold miners, household members of miners, non-miners living within 50 km of Kitaka mine). The unexposed controls group sampled was community members in Central Uganda far away from any gold mining activity which we considered as low-risk for filovirus infection. ELISA serology was used to analyse samples, detecting IgG antibodies against Marburg virus and ebolaviruses (filoviruses). Data were analysed in STATA software using risk ratios and odds ratios. RESULTS: Miners in western Uganda were 5.4 times more likely to be filovirus seropositive compared to the control group in central Uganda (RR = 5.4; 95% CI 1.5-19.7) whereas people living in high-risk areas in Ibanda and Kamwenge districts were 3.6 more likely to be seropositive compared to control group in Luweeero district (RR = 3.6; 95% CI 1.1-12.2). Among all participants, filovirus seropositivity was 2.6% (19/724) of which 2.3% (17/724) were reactive to Sudan virus only and 0.1% (1/724) to Marburg virus. One individual seropositive for Sudan virus also had IgG antibodies reactive to Bundibugyo virus. The risk factors for filovirus seropositivity identified included mining (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI 1.3-8.5), male sex (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.01-9.5), going inside mines (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.2-8.2), cleaning corpses (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.04-9.1) and contact with suspect filovirus cases (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.04-14.5). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that filovirus outbreaks may go undetected in Uganda and people involved in artisan gold mining are more likely to be exposed to infection with either Marburg virus or ebolaviruses, likely due to increased risk of exposure to bats. This calls for active surveillance in known high-risk areas for early detection and response to prevent filovirus epidemics.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Ebolavirus/imunologia , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/diagnóstico , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/epidemiologia , Doença do Vírus de Marburg/diagnóstico , Doença do Vírus de Marburg/epidemiologia , Marburgvirus/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Quirópteros/virologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Doença do Vírus de Marburg/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mineradores , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Uganda/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Lassa virus is a rodentborne arenavirus responsible for human cases of Lassa fever, a viral hemorrhagic fever, in West Africa and in travelers arriving to non-Lassa-endemic countries from West Africa. We describe a retrospective review performed through literature search of clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of all imported Lassa fever cases worldwide during 1969-2016. Our findings demonstrate that approximately half of imported cases had distinctive clinical features (defined as fever and >1 of the following: pharyngitis, sore throat, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, oropharyngeal ulcers, or proteinuria). Delays in clinical suspicion of this diagnosis were common. In addition, no secondary transmission of Lassa fever to contacts of patients with low-risk exposures occurred, and infection of high-risk contacts was rare. Future public health investigations of such cases should focus on timely recognition of distinctive clinical features, earlier treatment of patients, and targeted public health responses focused on high-risk contacts.
Assuntos
Febre Lassa/epidemiologia , Doença Relacionada a Viagens , Viagem , Adolescente , Adulto , África Ocidental/epidemiologia , Idoso , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Febre Lassa/história , Febre Lassa/transmissão , Febre Lassa/virologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Fatores de Risco , Estações do Ano , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We describe a strain of Lassa virus representing a putative new lineage that was isolated from a cluster of human infections with an epidemiologic link to Togo. This finding extends the known range of Lassa virus to Togo.
Assuntos
Febre Lassa/epidemiologia , Febre Lassa/virologia , Vírus Lassa/classificação , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Genes Virais , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Febre Lassa/história , Filogenia , Togo/epidemiologia , Células VeroRESUMO
The low-resource environment deprives healthcare providers caring for patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) of many of the means employed for the critically ill that are available in better resourced settings, such as advanced therapeutic interventions and abundant staff. In addition to these limitations may be added those imposed by the remote tropical locations, where EVD outbreaks occur. In this setting, a safe environment is created where healthcare workers may care for their patients over the evolving course of their acute illness into their convalescent period. Clinical management of EVD combines supportive and symptomatic care while also addressing the patient's emotional and mental health needs. A variety of specific therapies directly targeting the virus has become available, but none of these has, as of yet, conclusively demonstrated an impact. Healthcare workers caring for EVD patients must be constantly aware that they are part of a larger epidemic control operation, and their actions have consequences that go beyond their patients to their families and the community affected by the outbreak.
Assuntos
Recursos em Saúde/provisão & distribuição , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/terapia , Surtos de Doenças , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Recursos em Saúde/economia , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/economia , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/epidemiologia , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/virologia , HumanosRESUMO
Here we describe clinicopathologic features of Ebola virus disease in pregnancy. One woman infected with Sudan virus in Gulu, Uganda, in 2000 had a stillbirth and survived, and another woman infected with Bundibugyo virus had a live birth with maternal and infant death in Isiro, the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2012. Ebolavirus antigen was seen in the syncytiotrophoblast and placental maternal mononuclear cells by immunohistochemical analysis, and no antigen was seen in fetal placental stromal cells or fetal organs. In the Gulu case, ebolavirus antigen localized to malarial parasite pigment-laden macrophages. These data suggest that trophoblast infection may be a mechanism of transplacental ebolavirus transmission.
Assuntos
Ebolavirus/isolamento & purificação , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/patologia , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/virologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/patologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Antígenos Virais/isolamento & purificação , República Democrática do Congo , Ebolavirus/química , Ebolavirus/genética , Ebolavirus/imunologia , Feminino , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/imunologia , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/transmissão , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imuno-Histoquímica , Macrófagos/parasitologia , Macrófagos/ultraestrutura , Macrófagos/virologia , Malária/complicações , Malária/imunologia , Malária/virologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Placenta/ultraestrutura , Placenta/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/parasitologia , Natimorto , Células Estromais/ultraestrutura , Células Estromais/virologia , Trofoblastos/parasitologia , Trofoblastos/ultraestrutura , Trofoblastos/virologiaRESUMO
Two patients with Lassa fever are described who are the first human cases treated with a combination of ribavirin and favipiravir. Both patients survived but developed transaminitis and had prolonged detectable virus RNA in blood and semen, suggesting that the possibility of sexual transmission of Lassa virus should be considered.
Assuntos
Amidas/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Febre Lassa , Pirazinas/uso terapêutico , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Humanos , Febre Lassa/tratamento farmacológico , Febre Lassa/fisiopatologia , Febre Lassa/virologia , Vírus Lassa/genética , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Viral/análise , RNA Viral/genética , TogoRESUMO
We report detection of Seoul virus in 3 patients in France over a 2-year period. These patients accounted for 3 of the 4 Seoul virus infections among 434 hantavirus infections (1.7%) reported during this time. More attention should be given to this virus in Europe where surveillance has been focused mostly on Puumala and Dobrava-Belgrade hantaviruses.
Assuntos
Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/diagnóstico , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/epidemiologia , Vírus Seoul , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais , França/epidemiologia , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Ratos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Those at highest risk are persons in occupations with potential for rodent exposure and American Indian women 40--64 years of age.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/transmissão , Vírus Sin Nombre , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Reservatórios de Doenças , Feminino , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/história , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In September 2014, a single fatal case of Marburg virus was identified in a healthcare worker in Kampala, Uganda. The source of infection was not identified, and no secondary cases were identified. We describe the rapid identification, laboratory diagnosis, and case investigation of the third Marburg virus outbreak in Uganda.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Doença do Vírus de Marburg/epidemiologia , Doença do Vírus de Marburg/prevenção & controle , Marburgvirus/genética , Filogenia , Adulto , Animais , Quirópteros/virologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/virologia , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Marburgvirus/classificação , Marburgvirus/isolamento & purificação , Equipamento de Proteção Individual/estatística & dados numéricos , Uganda/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Ebola virus is known to persist in semen of male survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD). However, maximum duration of, or risk factors for, virus persistence are unknown. We report an EVD survivor with preexisting HIV infection, whose semen was positive for Ebola virus RNA 565 days after recovery from EVD.
Assuntos
Ebolavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/virologia , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Sêmen/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Viral/química , Fatores de Tempo , Proteínas do Core Viral/química , Proteínas da Matriz Viral/químicaRESUMO
Despite careful donor screening, unexpected donor-derived infections continue to occur in organ transplant recipients (OTRs). Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is one such transplant-transmitted infection that in previous reports has resulted in a high mortality among the affected OTRs. We report a LCMV case cluster that occurred 3 weeks post-transplant in three OTRs who received allografts from a common organ donor in March 2013. Following confirmation of LCMV infection at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, immunosuppression was promptly reduced and ribavirin and/or intravenous immunoglobulin therapy were initiated in OTRs. The liver recipient died, but right kidney recipients survived without significant sequelae and left kidney recipient survived acute LCMV infection with residual mental status deficit. Our series highlights how early recognition led to prompt therapeutic intervention, which may have contributed to more favorable outcome in the kidney transplant recipients.
Assuntos
Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Coriomeningite Linfocítica/diagnóstico , Vírus da Coriomeningite Linfocítica/isolamento & purificação , Idoso , Seleção do Doador , Intervenção Médica Precoce , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Rim/patologia , Rim/virologia , Fígado/patologia , Fígado/virologia , Coriomeningite Linfocítica/etiologia , Coriomeningite Linfocítica/patologia , Vírus da Coriomeningite Linfocítica/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doadores de Tecidos , Transplantados , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
Health care personnel (HCP) caring for patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) are at increased risk for infection with the virus. In 2014, a Texas hospital became the first U.S. community hospital to care for a patient with EVD; 2 nurses were infected while providing care. This article describes infection control measures developed to strengthen the hospital's capacity to safely diagnose and treat patients with EVD. After admission of the first patient with EVD, a multidisciplinary team from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) joined the hospital's infection preventionists to implement a system of occupational safety and health controls for direct patient care, handling of clinical specimens, and managing regulated medical waste. Existing engineering and administrative controls were strengthened. The personal protective equipment (PPE) ensemble was standardized, HCP were trained on donning and doffing PPE, and a system of trained observers supervising PPE donning and doffing was implemented. Caring for patients with EVD placed substantial demands on a community hospital. The experiences of the authors and others informed national policies for the care of patients with EVD and protection of HCP, including new guidance for PPE, a rapid system for deploying CDC staff to assist hospitals ("Ebola Response Team"), and a framework for a tiered approach to hospital preparedness. The designation of regional Ebola treatment centers and the establishment of the National Ebola Training and Education Center address the need for HCP to be prepared to safely care for patients with EVD and other high-consequence emerging infectious diseases.
RESUMO
The Epi Info Viral Hemorrhagic Fever application (Epi Info VHF) was developed in response to challenges managing outbreak data during four 2012 filovirus outbreaks. Development goals included combining case and contact data in a relational database, facilitating data-driven contact tracing, and improving outbreak data consistency and use. The application was first deployed in Guinea, when the West Africa Ebola epidemic was detected, in March 2014, and has been used in 7 African countries and 2 US states. Epi Info VHF enabled reporting of compatible data from multiple countries, contributing to international Ebola knowledge. However, challenges were encountered in accommodating the epidemic's unexpectedly large magnitude, addressing country-specific needs within 1 software product, and using the application in settings with limited Internet access and information technology support. Use of Epi Info VHF in the West Africa Ebola epidemic highlighted the fundamental importance of good data management for effective outbreak response, regardless of the software used.
Assuntos
Busca de Comunicante , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Epidemias/prevenção & controle , Sistemas de Informação em Saúde , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/epidemiologia , Febres Hemorrágicas Virais/epidemiologia , África Ocidental/epidemiologia , Feminino , Recursos em Saúde , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/virologia , Febres Hemorrágicas Virais/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , SoftwareRESUMO
We report on an Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivor who showed Ebola virus in seminal fluid 531 days after onset of disease. The persisting virus was sexually transmitted in February 2016, about 470 days after onset of symptoms, and caused a new cluster of EVD in Guinea and Liberia.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Ebolavirus/genética , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola , Sêmen/virologia , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Ebolavirus/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Guiné , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/transmissão , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Viral/análise , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/transmissão , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/virologia , SobreviventesRESUMO
We evaluated RNA stability of Ebola virus in EDTA blood and urine samples collected from infected patients and stored in West Africa's environmental conditions. In blood, RNA was stable for at least 18 days when initial cycle threshold values were <30, but in urine, RNA degradation occurred more quickly.