Therapeutic efficacy of tulathromycin, a novel triamilide antimicrobial, against bovine respiratory disease in feeder calves.

Efficacy and field safety of tulathromycin administered as a single-dose treatment to crossbreed beef calves with undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (BRD) were evaluated in a multicenter field study conducted at four US feedlots. Two hundred castrated male calves were enrolled at each study site. The treatment groups were physiologic saline (n = 160) given SC at 0.02 ml/kg, tulathromycin (n = 320) given SC at 2.5 mg/kg, and tilmicosin (n = 320) given SC at 10 mg/kg. Nasopharyngeal swabs for bacterial culture were obtained before treatment. The cure rate for calves treated with tulathromycin (78%) and tilmicosin (65%) was significantly (P < or = .0001) higher than that of calves treated with saline (23.8%). The cure rate of calves treated with tulathromycin (78.4%) was significantly (P = .0007) higher than that of calves treated with tilmicosin (64.9%). No adverse events related to tulathromycin were reported. Under the conditions of this study, tulathromycin administered as a single-dose treatment was efficacious in the treatment of undifferentiated BRD.

Efficacy of tulathromycin compared with tilmicosin and florfenicol for the control of respiratory disease in cattle at high risk of developing bovine respiratory disease.

Three studies conducted at feedlots in Colorado, Idaho, and Texas examined the comparative efficacy of tulathromycin injectable solution for the treatment of cattle at high risk of developing undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Each study randomly allocated 250 calves to receive tulathromycin at 2.5 mg/kg and 250 calves to receive either tilmicosin at 10 mg/kg (Colorado site) or florfenicol at 40 mg/kg (Idaho and Texas sites) on arrival at the feedlot. Calves were housed by treatment group in pens with 50 calves/pen. Beginning 3 days after antimicrobial treatment, cattle were observed for signs of BRD daily until harvest. In all three studies, the treatment success rates at 28 days after treatment and at harvest were significantly higher (P < or = .013) for cattle treated with tulathromycin than for cattle treated with either tilmicosin or florfenicol. Fewer tulathromycin-treated cattle were removed from the group as "chronics" or "mortalities" at 28 days posttreatment (P < or = .014) in all three studies. Tulathromycin demonstrated superior efficacy compared with tilmicosin and florfenicol when treating groups of high-risk cattle before the onset of signs of BRD.

Clinical effectiveness of tulathromycin, a novel triamilide antimicrobial, for the control of respiratory disease in cattle at high risk for developing bovine respiratory disease.

The efficacy of tulathromycin in decreasing the incidence of morbidity and mortality due to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in 1,239 high-risk cattle was investigated at four US feedlots. Calves not exhibiting clinical signs of BRD received one of three treatments administered subcutaneously in the neck: physiologic saline at 0.02 ml/kg, tulathromycin at 2.5 mg/kg, or tilmicosin at 10 mg/kg. Each treatment group consisted of 413 calves. Calves with clinical signs of BRD and rectal temperatures of 104 degrees F or higher on days 1 through 14 were considered treatment failures (BRD morbidity). Nasopharyngeal swabs from saline-treated morbidities were submitted for isolation and identification of BRD organisms. Respiratory disease morbidity was highest in calves treated with saline and significantly (P < or = .0001) lower in calves administered tulathromycin or tilmicosin. Morbidity from BRD was significantly (P < or = .0001) higher in calves treated with tilmicosin than in calves treated with tulathromycin. Under conditions of this study, tulathromycin, given to calves at high risk of developing BRD, was significantly more effective in reducing BRD morbidity when compared to both saline- and tilmicosin-treated calves.

Comparative efficacy of tulathromycin, tilmicosin, and florfenicol in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease in stocker cattle.

The therapeutic efficacy and field safety of tulathromycin were evaluated in stocker calves with undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in three field studies conducted over two consecutive grazing seasons in Nebraska. Eight hundred calves exhibiting clinical signs of BRD and with rectal temperatures of 104 degrees F or higher were treated with tulathromycin (n = 340), florfenicol (n = 240), or tilmicosin (n = 220) and evaluated for approximately 60 days. Florfenicol and tilmicosin were administered as single SC injections according to labeled dosage. Tulathromycin was administered as a single SC injection of 2.5 mg/kg. In all three studies, the cure rate of calves 60 days after treatment with tulathromycin was significantly higher (P < or = .05) than that of calves treated with florfenicol or tilmicosin. Suspected adverse reactions were not reported for any of the study drugs. Tulathromycin proved to be significantly more effective than either florfenicol or tilmicosin in the treatment of BRD in stocker calves.

Comparative efficacy of tulathromycin versus florfenicol and tilmicosin against undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle.

Four studies conducted at feedlots in Greeley and Wellington, Colorado; Nebraska; and Texas compared the efficacy of tulathromycin to florfenicol or tilmicosin for the treatment of cattle with undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and subsequent feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. In each study, 100 calves with BRD were treated with tulathromycin given SC at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. At the Greeley, CO, and Nebraska study locations, 100 calves were treated with florfenicol given SC at 40 mg/kg body weight, and at the Wellington, CO, and Texas study locations, tilmicosin was given SC at 10 mg/kg body weight. Cure rate, a derived variable that included assessments of mortality, rectal temperature, and attitude and respiratory scores from day 3 to day 28 and day 3 through harvest, was the primary assessment of BRD efficacy. Cure rates of calves treated with tulathromycin were significantly (P < or = .009) higher than those calves treated with florfenicol. At Wellington, CO, the cure rate of calves treated with tulathromycin was significantly higher (P < or = .018) compared with tilmicosin-treated calves. The differences in cure rates between tulathromycin and tilmicosin treatment groups in the Texas study were not significantly different (P > .05). Tulathromycin was more efficacious in the treatment of undifferentiated BRD compared with florfenicol and, in one study, compared with tilmicosin.

Efficacy of tulathromycin injectable solution for the treatment of naturally occurring Swine respiratory disease.

Tulathromycin, a novel triamilide antimicrobial, was evaluated for treatment of swine respiratory disease (SRD) in field efficacy studies involving 720 pigs in six North American swine herds. In each study, feeder pigs with clinical SRD were randomly assigned in equal numbers to a group treated with tulathromycin given as a single injection at 2.5 mg/kg of body weight or to a saline-treated control group. Four of the studies included a third group treated with ceftiofur sodium for 3 consecutive days at 3 mg/kg of body weight. Pigs were treated on day 0 and evaluated for treatment response on day 7. In each study, 10 or more nontreated pigs and saline-treated pigs that did not respond to treatment underwent necropsies to obtain lung samples that were evaluated for SRD pathogens. The overall cure rate was 46.4% for saline-treated pigs, 71.1% for tulathromycin-treated pigs, and 63.1% for ceftiofur-treated pigs. The cure rate for tulathromycin-treated pigs was significantly higher than for saline-treated pigs (P = .0116). Mortality from SRD occurred in 24 control pigs, seven tulathromycin-treated pigs, and one ceftiofur-treated pig. The mortality rate was significantly lower for both the tulathromycin- and ceftiofur-treated pigs compared with those treated with saline (P = .0148 and P = .0195, respectively). Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, bacteria commonly associated with SRD, were isolated from SRD-affected pigs. Under field conditions, tulathromycin injectable solution given as a single IM dose of 2.5 mg/kg of body weight was safe and effective in the treatment of SRD.

LARC utilization based on type of medical abortion follow-up at an academic center.

OBJECTIVE: Compare long-acting contraceptive (LARC) utilization 1 month following a medical abortion among women who chose office or telephone follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a chart review of 79 patients in a new medical abortion service. Women chose a 1-week follow-up in-office or by phone. Contraceptive implants could be placed 1 week and intrauterine contraceptives 4 weeks after mifepristone administration. RESULTS: LARC methods were desired by 38% and 44% of women, and received by 27% and 29% of women in the office and phone follow-up groups, respectively (p=.8). CONCLUSION: The choice of follow-up in-office or by phone did not change the LARC uptake rate. IMPLICATIONS: Women should not be discouraged to follow up by phone due to concern for decreased LARC uptake.