RESUMO
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a efetividade da vacina antiamarílica 17D nas condições de sua utilização pelos serviços de saúde pública. Em 1989, um estudo prospectivo nãoconcorrente foi desenvolvido em Bocaiúva, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, 6 meses após vacinação em massa da população. A = população-alvo do estudo foi constituída por estudantes matriculados no primeiro grau em todas as escolas situadas em Bocaiúva. O grupo exposto foi constituído por uma amostra probabilística simples de estudantes vacinados (n = 173) e o grupo não-exposto foi constituído por todos aqueles não submetidos à vacinação (n = 55). Os soros foram examinados pelo teste da neutralização em camundongos; estes exames foram realizados às cegas, ou seja, o examinador desconhecia a situação vacinal do paciente. Os resultados da sorologia foram os seguintes: entre os vacinados, 75% eram soropositivos, 17% soronegativos e 7% apresentaram exame inconclusivo; entre os não-vacinados estes resultados foram de 9, 87 e 4%, respectivamente. A razão de soropositividades entre vacinados e não-vacinados, ajustada pela idade, foi 7,6 (IC95%: 3,4 a 16,7). A fração da soropositividade atribuível à vacinação, ajustada pela idade, foi 86,8% (IC95%: 70,6 a 94,0). Os resultados mostram que a efetividade da vacinação, definida através da soropositividade para o vírus, ficou abaixo dos níveis esperados para a vacina 17D. Isto pode ter sido conseqüência de falhas operacionais na conservação ou aplicação da vacina. Nossos resultados apontam para a necessidade de avaliações sistemáticas na rotina dos serviços de saúde após a utilização em massa da vacina
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the 17D yellow fever vaccine in the conditions under which it is used in public health services. In 1989, a nonconcurrent prospective study was carried out in Bocaiúva, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 6 months after mass vaccination of the population. The study population was made up of first-grade students from all the schools in Bocaiúva. The exposed group consisted of a simple random sample of vaccinated students (n = 173) and the unexposed group consisted of all those who had not been vaccinated (n = 55). Serum samples were examined with the neutralization test in mice; these tests were conducted blind, that is, the examiner did not know the vaccination status of the subject. The serology results were as follows: of those vaccinated, 75% were seropositive, 17% were seronegative, and 7% showed an inconclusive result; in the unvaccinated children, these results were 9%, 87%, and 4%, respectively. The age-adjusted seropositivity ratio between vaccinated and unvaccinated children was 7.6 (95%CI: 3.4 to 16.7). The proportion of seropositivity attributable to vaccination, adjusted for age, was 86.8% (95%CI: 70.6 to 94.0). The results showed that the efficacy of the vaccine, defined by means of seropositivity for the virus, was below the levels expected for the 17D vaccine. This may have been due to operational failures in the conservation or application of the vaccine. The results point to the need for routine systematic evaluations by the health services after mass utilization of the vaccine.
Assuntos
Febre Amarela , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Vacinas Antimaláricas/uso terapêutico , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Vacinação , Brasil , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores EpidemiológicosRESUMO
Yellow fever (YF) is frequently associated with high severity and death rates in the Amazon region of Brazil. During the rainy seasons of 1998 and 1999, 23 (eight deaths) and 34 (eight deaths) human cases of YF were reported, respectively, in different geographic areas of Para State; most cases were on Marajo Island. Patients were 1 to 46 years of age. Epidemiologic and ecological studies were conducted in Afua and Breves on Marajo Island; captured insects yielded isolates of 4 and 11 YF strains, respectively, from Haemagogus janthinomys pooled mosquitoes. The cases on Marajo Island in 1999 resulted from lack of vaccination near the focus of the disease and intense migration, which brought many nonimmune people to areas where infected vectors were present. We hypothesize that YF virus remains in an area after an outbreak by vertical transmission among Haemagogus mosquitoes...(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Febre Amarela/epidemiologia , Aedes , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Vetores de Doenças , Vírus da Febre Amarela/isolamento & purificação , Entomologia/métodosRESUMO
In the final of November 1994, an outbreak of a febrile disease was observed in the Serra Pelada gold mine (5 degrees 35'S: 49 degrees 30'W) in the Southeast region of Pará State. Twenty samples were collected and sent to the laboratory of Arbovirus of Instituto Evandro Chagas. The tests showed that the disease was caused by Oropouche virus (Bunyaviridae, Bunyavirus, Simbu serological group). Between 8-22 December 296 serum samples were taken (54 from febrile patients, 16 paired samples and 242 from contacts and convalescent patients) of the 73 familiar groups. From febrile patients, ten Oropouche virus strains were obtained. From paired serum, six seroconversions were obtained and 242 other Oropouche infections were diagnosed by HI and MAC ELISA. The clinical-picture of febrile disease accompanied by severe bedache, chills, myalgia, photophobia retrobulbar pain and malaise was observed. Involvement of central nervous system was not observed. Based on the serological data, we estimated that in the outbreak of Serra Pelada around 5,000 cases occurred corresponding to a prevalence of 83 per cent.