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1.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 196(3): 305-317, 2019 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30773620

RESUMO

HIV-2 is thought to have entered the human population in the 1930s through cross-species transmission of SIV from sooty mangabeys in West Africa. Unlike HIV-1, HIV-2 has not led to a global pandemic, and recent data suggest that HIV-2 prevalence is declining in some West African states where it was formerly endemic. Although many early isolates of HIV-2 were derived from patients presenting with AIDS-defining illnesses, it was noted that a much larger proportion of HIV-2-infected subjects behaved as long-term non-progressors (LTNP) than their HIV-1-infected counterparts. Many HIV-2-infected adults are asymptomatic, maintaining an undetectable viral load for over a decade. However, despite lower viral loads, HIV-2 progresses to clinical AIDS without therapeutic intervention in most patients. In addition, successful treatment with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is more challenging than for HIV-1. HIV-2 is significantly more sensitive to restriction by host restriction factor tripartite motif TRIM5α than HIV-1, and this difference in sensitivity is linked to differences in capsid structure. In this review we discuss the determinants of HIV-2 disease progression and focus on the important interactions between TRIM5α and HIV-2 capsid in long-term viral control.


Assuntos
Proteínas do Capsídeo/metabolismo , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , HIV-1/fisiologia , HIV-2/fisiologia , Proteínas com Motivo Tripartido/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Adulto , África Ocidental/epidemiologia , Animais , Fatores de Restrição Antivirais , Doenças Assintomáticas , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Cercocebus atys , Progressão da Doença , Doenças Endêmicas , Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , Humanos , Análise de Sobrevida , Proteínas com Motivo Tripartido/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética , Fatores de Virulência
10.
Tissue Antigens ; 85(2): 151-2, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25626613

RESUMO

KIR3DL1*0250102 differs from the common West African KIR3DL1*0150101 by 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).


Assuntos
Receptores KIR3DL1/genética , África Ocidental , Alelos , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Receptores KIR3DL1/química
12.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 176(1): 11-22, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24325737

RESUMO

Through the successful implementation of policies to prevent mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV-1 infection, children born to HIV-1-infected mothers are now much less likely to acquire HIV-1 infection than previously. Nevertheless, HIV-1-exposed uninfected (HEU) children have substantially increased morbidity and mortality compared with children born to uninfected mothers (unexposed uninfected, UU), predominantly from infectious causes. Moreover, a range of phenotypical and functional immunological differences between HEU and UU children has been reported. As the number of HEU children continues to increase worldwide, two questions with clear public health importance need to be addressed: first, does exposure to HIV-1 and/or ART in utero or during infancy have direct immunological consequences, or are these poor outcomes simply attributable to the obvious disadvantages of being born into an HIV-affected household? Secondly, can we expect improved maternal care and ART regimens during and after pregnancy, together with optimized infant immunization schedules, to reduce the excess morbidity and mortality of HEU children?


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Antivirais/imunologia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Imunitário/imunologia , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle
13.
Tissue Antigens ; 83(3): 204-6, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24397293

RESUMO

KIR3DL1*0070104 differs from KIR3DL1*0070101 at position 13889 (T > G) in the 3'UTR region of KIR3DL1/S1 locus.


Assuntos
Alelos , Receptores KIR3DL1/genética , Ásia , Sequência de Bases , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Alinhamento de Sequência
17.
Tissue Antigens ; 83(4): 301-2, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24405495

RESUMO

KIR3DL1*0050105 differs from KIR3DL1*0050101 with two nucleotide substitutions at 6709(C > T) and 13398 (G > A) in introns 5 and 7, respectively.


Assuntos
Alelos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores KIR3DL1/genética , Sequência de Bases , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNA
19.
20.
Tissue Antigens ; 84(5): 521-2, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25220356

RESUMO

The complete length genomic sequence of KIR3DL1*03101 differs from KIR3DL1*0010101 at multiple intronic and exonic sites.


Assuntos
Sequência de Bases , Éxons , Íntrons , Receptores KIR3DL1/genética , Humanos , Análise de Sequência de DNA
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