Effect of altitude training on the peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in sportsmen.

PURPOSE: The aim of this work was an evaluation of the influence of physical exercise in high-altitude conditions (about 2000 m above sea level) on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in 10 kayakers and 10 rowers. METHODS: During their training, the sportsmen performed different kinds of static and dynamic efforts. The blood samples were taken from the cubital vein on the control day at low altitude and at high altitude, and on the 4th, 10th, and 18th days of the training camp before and after exercise. The TBARS and lactic acid concentrations in blood plasma and SOD and CAT activities in erythrocytes were measured. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase of SOD and CAT activities in erythrocytes after exercise on the 4th, 10th, and 18th days of training was found. The TBARS concentration in erythrocytes decreased in a statistically significant way after the end of the 10th day of exercise (P < 0.01), and on 18th day it more than doubled (P < 0.001) when preexercise values were compared with postexercise values of each day. A statistically significant increase of TBARS concentration in blood plasma was observed only after the end of exercise on the 10th day-using the same comparison as above. A statistically significant increased lactic acid concentration in blood plasma was noticed both on 4th or 18th days of training. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show the increasing generation of oxygen-derived free radicals and the compensatory intensification of SOD and CAT activities after training in altitude (high mountain) conditions.

Activity of some lysosomal enzymes in serum and in tumors of patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma.

The aim of the study was an assessment of some lysosomal enzymes activity in serum and in tumors of patients with lung cancer histopathologically confirmed as squamous cell lung carcinoma. The first group constisted of 10 patients with stage II of the disease and the second group consisted of 11 patients with stage III of the disease. Lysosomal enzymes activities were assayed in serum before surgery and on the 10th day after surgery in serum and in tumors. Arylsuphatase, cathepsin D and acid phosphatase activities were higher in the patients serum than in that of the control group. The decrease of arylsulphatase and cathepsin D activities after surgery was statistically significant in both groups of patients, but the cathepsin D activity was still 3 times higher in patients than in those from the control group. The decrease of acid phosphatase activity after surgery was about 50% in both groups of patients and this decrease was statistically significant. The arylsulphatase and acid phosphatase activity in tumors was nearly 3 times higher in stage III patients than it was in stage II patients, but the cathepsin D activity was nearly the same in both patient groups. Higher lysosomal enzyme activity may be a useful factor in diagnosing and monitoring of lung cancer. However, further investigations are needed.

[Congestive heart failure and ventricular arrhythmia in relation to magnesium, potassium and sodium in serum and erythrocytes]. / Niewydolnosc krazenia i zaburzenia rytmu serca a magnez, potas i sód w osoczu i erytrocytach.

The aim of this study was to determine magnesium, potassium and sodium in plasma and erythrocytes in patients (14 male, 12 female; the average age 60.3) with congestive heart failure (CHF) (NYHA class II/III, III, IV) who were treated with digitalis, diuretics and vasodilators. All patients were subjected to 24 h ECG monitoring and ventricular arrhythmias classified according to LOWN, were analyzed in relation to electrolyte contents in erythrocytes and serum. Control group consisted of 20 persons (17 male; 3 female: the average age 58.7 years). Plasma and erythrocyte K and Na were determined by flame spectrophotometer; Mg was assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was made by t-Student test. Results obtained suggest that patients with CHF require supplementation K+ with Mg2+ (tab. I). Our study has not revealed expected interrelationships between ventricular arrhythmias and electrolyte disturbances in patients with CHF. It should be stressed, however, that the small numbers of patients in the subgroups in our study might have blurred the possible relationship.

[Infective endocarditis in adults]. / Infekcje zapalne wsierdzia u doroslych.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the research was to demonstrate that the early diagnosis of infective endocarditis influences significantly the results of treatment. METHODS: The following clinical analysis covered 56 patients, aged 18 to 81 (the average age--50 years) with infective endocarditis treated in the years 1998-2000. Data from patient history, physical examination, laboratory investigations and treatment were analysed. Apart from clinical symptoms for infective endocarditis diagnosis, also blood cultures and echocardiography were important. MAIN OBSERVATIONS: Infective endocarditis was present in 24 patients (42.8%) with heart defects, 7 (12.5%) with prosthetic heart valves, and 4 (7.1%) treated with haemodialysis. RESULTS: In 38 (67.8%) individuals, the echocardiography showed vegetations, and in 14 (25.0%) other abnormalities. Blood cultures were positive in 33 (58.9%) patients. Fever was present in 47 (83.9%) patients. The progression of heart failure appeared in 26 (46.4%) individuals. The average time of antibiotic therapy was 34 days. 11 (19.6%) patients died. 9 (16.1%) individuals had cardiosurgery operations. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of infective endocarditis is substantial as it improves patients' prognosis as to health and life.

Activity of cathepsin D and alpha(1)-antitrypsin in the blood serum of patients with mammary carcinoma.

UNLABELLED: THE AIM of this study was to determine the activity of cathepsin D and alpha(1)-antitrypsin in the blood serum of patients with mammary carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 52 women operated for a unilateral breast tumor, divided into two groups, according to the number of metastases and tumor size. Cathepsin D activity was determined using the method of Anson, while alpha(1)-antitrypsin activity was determined according to the Eriksson method. RESULTS: Both groups of patients with mammary carcinoma were found to have higher activity of cathepsin D before the treatment compared to healthy females. After the surgery the enzyme activity increased significantly, whereas 6 months after the surgery it generally decreased. The activity of alpha(1)-antitrypsin was significantly lower in patients before the treatment than in the controls, while after 6 months an increase in alpha(1)-antitrypsin activity was observed. The correlation between activity of cathepsin D and alpha(1)-antitrypsin was revealed. High enzyme activity and low alpha(1)-antitrypsin activity may result from the stage of neoplastic transformation. CONCLUSION: The determination of cathepsin D activity together with alpha(1)-antitrypsin activity may serve as useful biochemical marker in monitoring of malignant changes in breast tumor.

Mitochondrial diseases.

Prevalence of mitochondrial diseases equals 1:10,000 of life-born infants. Mutations of mitochondrial DNA are their most frequent cause. The study presents short description of some of these diseases. The diseases often result in encephalomyopathy, cardiomyopathy, vision disorders, dysacusis and metabolic disorders. Despite numerous studies problems associated with mitochondrial diseases have not been completely solved yet.