Effect of COVID-19 on Key Performance Indicators of Spanish Professional Soccer League.

The unprecedented COVID-19 health crisis severely disrupted global sports in 2020, prompting lengthy suspensions followed by resumed competitions under abnormal behind-closed-doors conditions without fans. These disruptions necessitated tactical adaptations by coaches and teams, attempting to still achieve successful outcomes. This study investigates the pandemic's impacts on performance metrics and indicators within Spanish professional soccer. Utilizing systematic notational analysis, 760 match cases from the 2019-2020 La Liga season were examined, comprising 27 matchdays from the pre-COVID context and 11 after resumption. Multivariate tests identified significant pre/post differences and interactions for various technical indicators including shots, cards, corners, and offside calls. The pandemic was associated with a reduction from 12 to just 5 identifiable playing styles, suggestive of increased conservatism featuring more passive play, limited attacking depth, and horizontal ball movement. Such tactical changes appear provoked by condensed fixture scheduling post-lockdown, the lack of supportive crowds, and compromised player fitness/recovery. By quantifying these COVID-precipitated changes, the analysis provides tangible evidence for coaches to make informed adjustments in training and preparation for functioning effectively in disrupted environments. The findings emphasize that versatility and flexibility will be vital to optimize performance during times of unprecedented uncertainty.

A mammalian-specific Alex3/Gαq protein complex regulates mitochondrial trafficking, dendritic complexity, and neuronal survival.

Mitochondrial dynamics and trafficking are essential to provide the energy required for neurotransmission and neural activity. We investigated how G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and G proteins control mitochondrial dynamics and trafficking. The activation of Gαq inhibited mitochondrial trafficking in neurons through a mechanism that was independent of the canonical downstream PLCß pathway. Mitoproteome analysis revealed that Gαq interacted with the Eutherian-specific mitochondrial protein armadillo repeat-containing X-linked protein 3 (Alex3) and the Miro1/Trak2 complex, which acts as an adaptor for motor proteins involved in mitochondrial trafficking along dendrites and axons. By generating a CNS-specific Alex3 knockout mouse line, we demonstrated that Alex3 was required for the effects of Gαq on mitochondrial trafficking and dendritic growth in neurons. Alex3-deficient mice had altered amounts of ER stress response proteins, increased neuronal death, motor neuron loss, and severe motor deficits. These data revealed a mammalian-specific Alex3/Gαq mitochondrial complex, which enables control of mitochondrial trafficking and neuronal death by GPCRs.

New insights in the Spanish gene pool of olive (Olea europaea L.) preserved ex situ and in situ based on high-throughput molecular markers.

In Spain, several local studies have highlighted the likely presence of unknown olive cultivars distinct from the approximately 260 ones previously described in the literature. Furthermore, recent advancements in identification techniques have significantly enhanced in terms of efficacy and precision. This scenario motivated a new nationwide prospecting effort aimed at recovering and characterizing new cultivated germplasm using high-throughput molecular markers. In the present study, the use of 96 EST-SNP markers allowed the identification of a considerable amount of new material (173 new genotypes) coming from areas with low intensification of production in different regions of Spain. As a result, the number of distinct national genotypes documented in the World Olive Germplasm Bank of IFAPA, Córdoba (WOGBC-ESP046) increased to 427. Likewise, 65 and 24 new synonymy and homonymy cases were identified, respectively. This rise in the number of different national cultivars allowed to deepen the knowledge about the underlying genetic structure. The great genetic variability of Spanish germplasm was confirmed, and a new hot spot of diversity was identified in the northern regions of La Rioja and Aragon. Analysis of the genetic structure showed a clear separation between the germplasm of southern and northern-northeastern Spain and indicated a significantly higher level of admixture in the latter. Given the expansion of modern olive cultivation with only a few cultivars, this cryptic germplasm is in great danger of disappearing. This underlines the fact that maintaining as many cultivars as possible will increase the genetic variability of the olive gene pool to meet the future challenges of olive cultivation.

Organization of educational support for an inclusive school from the perspective of specialist teachers

La organización del apoyo educativo en las escuelas guarda una estrecha relación con el grado de inclusión que se persigue en la praxis educativa. El modelo inclusivo de apoyo depende de cómo este se conciba en los centros, lo que repercutirá directamente en cómo el profesorado especialista (profesor de Pedagogía Terapéutica –Pt– y de Audición y Lenguaje –Al–) ejerza su rol. El objetivo general de este estudio fue analizar la organización de los apoyos en centros de educación primaria y secundaria desde la percepción del profesorado especialista. Se llevó a cabo una investigación descriptiva, no experimental de carácter mixto. Se utilizó un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas que cumplimentaron 23 docentes. Los resultados destacaron la utilización de espacios diferenciados del aula ordinaria, donde a menudo las acciones del docente de apoyo no se encontraron en consonancia con las dinámicas generales que realizaba el profesorado regular. Se concluye que la coordinación y la responsabilidad entre los docentes de apoyo y del aula regular no eran, generalmente, repartidas de manera colaborativa. El estudio destacó una organización del apoyo anclada en el modelo del déficit, cuyos principios correctivos y compensatorios no permitían extender el apoyo al conjunto de las aulas ordinarias y ser más inclusivos. (AU)

The organization of educational support in schools is closely related to the degree of inclusion pursued in educational practice. The inclusive model of support depends on how it is conceived at the centres. This will have a direct impact on how the specialist teachers (Therapeutic Pedagogy Teacher –Pt– and Hearing and Language Teacher –Al–) perform their roles. The general objective of this study was to analyse the organization of support education in primary and secondary schools as perceived by specialist teachers. Descriptive, non-experimental mixed research was carried out. A questionnaire was used with open and closed questions completed by 23 teachers. The results highlighted the use of spaces differentiated from the mainstream classroom, where the actions of the support teacher were often not in line with the general dy-namics carried out by the mainstream teachers. It was concluded that coordination and responsibility between support teachers and mainstream classroom teachers were not generally shared in a collaborative manner. The study highlighted an organization of support based on the deficit model, whose corrective and compensatory principles did not allow support to be extended to all regular classrooms and to be more inclusive. (AU)

Influence of the Specific Position on The Final Result of The Match in Professional Basketball / Influencia de la Posición Específica en el Resultado Final del Partido en Baloncesto Profesional

Studies exploring performance indicators in basketball that characterize the result of the match are abundant. However, there are only a limited number of studies that carry out such analysis according to the specific positions of the players. The objective of this work is to characterize the differences by specific position between performance indicators of the matches of the 2017/18 season of the ACB League according to the result of the match. This study is a descriptive and observational research work that adopts a quantitative methodology for analysis. The study sample consists of 337 matches, in which the differences between game indicators were analyzed according to the specific position and the result of the match using the non-parametric tests U of Mann-Whitney and H of Kruskal-Wallis. The results show significant differences in the game indicators according to the specific position. The shots of three scored (d=.80) and taken (d=1.20), the total rebounds (d=.95) and offensive (d=.82), the assists (d=.93) and the dunks (d=.86) have a large effect size. In addition, there are significant differences by specific position in performance indicators based on the outcome of the match. It is concluded the performance indicators of the inside players are different from the outside ones and the players of the winning teams are more effective scorers, develop more assists, receive fewer blocks, dominate rebounds, receive more fouls and perform more dunks. These findings are of great interest to stakeholders in the basketball or sports industry, as they provide highly valuable information on the behavior of athletes in competition according to their specific position and the results of the match.(AU)

Are there differences between the loading of an anaerobic capacity test and an agility test in basketball players? / Há diferenças entre a carga de um teste de capacidade anaeróbica e um teste de agilidade em jogadores de basquete?

Abstract The objective of this article was to know players' needs in the selected tests, to search for differences between categories and to know if there is any relationship between different tests. The sample consists of 2 teams (u-14, u-16, n=24), which were equipped with a WimuR inertial device. The selected tests were 2 agility tests and a lactic anaerobic capacity test. Neuromuscular and kinematic variables were selected. Descriptive analysis, inferential analysis and analysis of correlation among variables were carried out. Once players' needs are described, there are no significant differences among kinematic variables depending on the sample category. Nonetheless, there is relationship between kinematic and neuromuscular variables of the different tests. It is frequently claimed that capacity tests are those that cause more fatigue in athletes. For this reason, an analysis was carried out comparing a lactic anaerobic capacity test with an agility test in its two versions. The obtained results can facilitate the work and the evaluation time of a physical condition test since results of athletes in a capacity test could be known by performing tests of lesser requirement. In addition, this would avoid players from experiencing a situation of maximum effort and possible injury, also saving training time.

Resumo O objetivo desse trabalho foi conhecer as demandas dos jogadores nos testes selecionados, buscar diferenças entre categorias e buscar conhecer se havia alguma diferença entre distintas provas. A amostra foi formada por duas equipes (sub-14, sub-16; n = 24) que foram monitorados com dispositivo de inércia WimuR. Selecionaram-se dois testes de agilidade e um teste de capacidade anaeróbica lática, e testes para variáveis neuromusculares e cinemáticas. Empregou-se a análise descritiva e inferencial. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as variáveis cinemáticas, dependendo da categoria da amostra, porém houve relação entre as variáveis cinemáticas e neuromusculares. Afirma-se frequentemente queos testes de capacidade são os que causam maior fadiga no atleta. Por esse motivo, foi realizada uma análise na qual um teste de capacidade anaeróbica lática foi comparado com um teste de agilidade em suas duas versões. Os resultados obtidos podem facilitar o trabalho e o tempo de avaliação do teste de aptidão física, pois, ao realizar testes de menor exigência, os resultados do atleta podem ser conhecidos em um teste de capacidade, evitando que ele enfrente uma situação de esforço máximo, uma possível lesão e economia tempo de treinamento .

Differences in the physical demands between handball and beach handball players / Diferenças nas exigências físicas entre jogadores de handebol e handebol de praia

Abstract Handball is one of the most practiced team sports worldwide that consists of different modalities, with the aim of reaching as many users as possible. One of the modalities with increasing interest in the last years is Beach Handball, as it takes the advantage of the absence of competitive calendar in the standardized modality so that users continue practicing. A comparative analysis was performed between standard handball (indoor) and beach handball athletes in order to determine the demands of both modalities and determine if they are similar. The competition was evaluated by analyzing external load variables: number of steps, jumps, impacts and Player load. The selected sample was composed of U-16 players from both modalities. Each player was equipped with WIMUTM inertial device. The results showed that the standard modality requires greater physical demands than the beach modality. For this reason, the physical demands of the different modalities require different training processes to obtain the best possible results in the competition.

Resumo O handebol é um dos esportes coletivos mais praticados em todo o mundo, que consiste em diferentes modalidades, com o objetivo de atingir o maior número possível de usuários. Uma das modalidades em expansão nos últimos anos é o Handebol de Praia, pois aproveita a ausência de calendário competitivo na modalidade padronizada para que os usuários continuem praticando. Uma análise comparativa foi realizada entre atletas de handebol padronizado (na pista) e handebol de praia, a fim de determinar as demandas de ambas as modalidades e determinar se essas demandas são semelhantes. A competição foi avaliada através da análise das variáveis externas de carga: número de etapas, saltos, impactos e Player Load. A mostra selecionada foram jogadores de ambas as disciplinas na categoria cadete. Cada jogador foi equipado com um dispositivo inercial WIMUTM. Os resultados mostraram que a modalidade padronizada exige dos atletas maior demanda física que a modalidade de praia. Por esse motivo, os requisitos físicos de ambas as modalidades exigem diferentes processos de treinamento para obter os melhores resultados possíveis na competição.

Influencia del resultado en las demandas de carga externa durante la competición oficial en baloncesto formación / Game outcome influence in external load demands in youth male basketball during official competition / Influência dos resultados sobre a demanda de carga externa em basquetebol júnior masculino durante a concorrência oficial

El estudio de las relaciones entre el marcador final y la eficacia técnico-táctica de jugadores y equipos está muy extendido, pero no existen aún suficientes evidencias sobre si este fenómeno influye directamente en las demandas de carga externa durante la competición. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la influencia del marcador parcial en cada uno de los períodos de juego en las demandas de carga externa que presentan los jugadores de baloncesto formación. 96 jugadores de baloncesto sub-18 de nivel élite masculino pertenecientes a 8 equipos fueron registrados durante 13 partidos de la fase final del Adidas Next Generation Tournament 16-17 mediante dispositivos inerciales WIMU PROTM (RealTrack Systems, Almería, España) obteniendo el análisis tiempo-movimiento en estadios cubiertos a través de tecnología de ultra-banda ancha (UWB). La prueba estadística T-Student de muestras independientes junto con el tamaño del efecto a través de la d de Cohen fueron utilizados para el análisis diferencial en relación al marcador parcial: (a) igualado (<10 puntos) y (b) desigualado (>10 puntos). Se encuentran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todas las variables de carga externa analizadas, siendo las exigencias cinemáticas mayores en los Partidos Desigualados (p>0.01; t=2.59-3.31; d=0.48-0.62), encontrando las mayores diferencias en la variable Impactos en todos sus rangos (3-5G, 5-8G, >8G). En conclusión, el marcador es un elemento determinante en la carga externa que soportan los jugadores durante los partidos oficiales. Por tanto, es necesario reproducir estas situaciones durante los entrenamientos para someter a los jugadores a estímulos semejantes a los que se producen en la competición

The analysis between the match status and the technical-tactical effectiveness of players and teams is very widespread. Instead, it has not enough evidence whether this phenomenon directly influences the external load demands during the competition. The objective of the present study is to analyse the influence of game outcome in the external load demands performed by youth male basketball players. 96 elite-level male U'18 basketball players of eight teams were registered during 13 matches of the Adidas Next Generation Tournament16-17 final round using WIMU PROTMinertial devices through ultra-wide band (UWB) tracking technology. The T-Student statistical test of independent samples with Cohen's d effect size were used for the comparison analysis in relation to the game outcome: (a) balanced(<10 points) and (b) unbalanced (>10 points). Statistically significant differences were found in the external load variables analysed. The higher load demands were performed in unbalancedmatches (p<.01; t=1.93-3.32; d=0.42-0.64), finding the greatest differences in impacts at all intensities (3-5G, 5-8G,> 8G). In conclusion, the score has a direct influence in the external load during official matches. Therefore, it is necessary to reproduce these situations during training to face the players with similar stimuli to the competition

O estudo da relação entre o escore final e a eficácia técnico-tática de jogadores e equipes é generalizado, mas ainda não há evidências suficientes sobre se esse fenômeno influencia diretamente as demandas externas de carga durante a competição. O objetivoda presente investigação foi analisar a influência do marcador parcial em cada um dos períodos de jogo nas demandas de carga externa apresentadas pelos jogadores júnior masculino de basquetebol. 96 jogadores sub-18 homens pertencentes a oito equipes de basquete de nível elite foram registrados durante 13 jogos da fase final do Adidas Next Generation Tournament 16-17 por dispositivos inerciais WIMU PROTM(RealTrack Sistemas, Almeria, Espanha), obter a análise do tempo-movimento em estádios cobertos por tecnologia de ultra-banda larga(UWB). Os testes estatísticos T-Studentpara amostras independentes com o tamanho do efeito através de d de Cohen foram utilizados para a análise diferencial em relação a pontuação parcial: (a) equilibrado(<10 pontos) e (b) nãoequilibrado(> 10 pontos). As diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram encontradas em todas as variáveis analisadas da carga externa, com as mais elevadas exigências sobre jogos com resultado não equilibrado(p<.01; t=1.93-3.32; d=0.42-0.64), encontrando as principais diferenças nos impactos as todas suas gamas (3-5G, 5-8G,> 8G). Em conclusão, a pontuação é um fator determinante na carga externa que os jogadores suportam durante as partidas oficiais. Portanto, é necessário reproduzir essas situações durante o treinamento para submeter os jogadores a estímulos semelhantes aos que ocorrem na competição

Perfil de Acelerometría de los Árbitros de Baloncesto durante el Eurobasket Femenino U'16 / Accelerometry Profile of Basketball Referees during U'16 Euroasket Women / Perfil da acelerometria dos árbitros do basquetebol durante o eurobasket feminino U'16

La cuantificación del perfil de aceleración permite determinar las acciones de alta intensidad que determinan el éxito de una competición. El objetivo del presente estudio se centra en concretar el perfil de aceleración de los árbitros de baloncesto a través de la tecnología Ultra Wide-Band. La muestra estuvo compuesta por nueve árbitros internacionales, que oficializaron un total de quince partidos durante un campeonato internacional U'16. La variable independiente estuvo definida por los diferentes periodos de juego. Las variables dependientes de carga externa fueron la intensidad, duración, pico máximo y velocidad de inicio de las aceleraciones y desaceleraciones realizadas por los árbitros. Y variables dependientes situacionales fueron el marcador y las posesiones de balón. Para el análisis de las variables se ha empleado los dispositivos inerciales WIMU PROTM. Se ha realizado la prueba estadística Tablas de Contigencia y Anova de medidas repetidas para conocer las diferencias entre periodos. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias significativas entre el primer y el cuarto periodo en la duración de las aceleraciones y desaceleraciones y en la velocidad de inicio de las desaceleraciones. La creación del perfil de aceleración de los árbitros de baloncesto permite conocer las exigencias del juego y analizar adecuadamente las variables predictivas del rendimiento

The monitorization of the acceleration profile allows determining the high intensity actions that determine the success of competition. The aim of the study is to analyze the acceleration profile of basketball referees through Ultra Wide-Band technology. The sample was composed of nine international referees, who refereeing fifteen official games during U'16 international championship. The independent variable was defined by the different periods of the game. The dependent external load variables were the intensity, duration, maximum peak and start speed of accelerations and decelerations. And the dependent situational variables were game score and ball possessions. The WIMU PROTM inertial devices have been used for the analysis of variables. The repeated measures Anova test was performed to know the differences between periods. The results show that there are significant differences between the first and the fourth period in the duration of accelerations and decelerations and in the start speed of decelerations. Acceleration basketball referees profile can meet the demands of the game and properly analyze the predictors of performance

A quantificação do perfil de aceleração permite determinar as ações de alta intensidade que determinam o sucesso de uma competição. O objetivo deste estudo é especificar o perfil de aceleração de árbitros de basquete através da tecnología Ultra Wide-Band. A amostra foi composta por nove árbitros internacionais, que fizeram um total de quinze jogos oficiais durante um campeonato internacional do U'16. A variável independente foi definida pelos diferentes períodos de jogo. As variáveis dependentes da carga externa foram a intensidade, duração, pico máximo e velocidade de início das acelerações e desacelerações feitas pelos árbitros. E variáveis dependentes situacionais foram o marcador e as posses de bola. Para a análise das variáveis, foram utilizados dispositivos inerciais WIMU PROTM. As tabelas de teste estatístico de Contingencia e Anova de medidas repetidas foram levadas a cabo para saber as diferenças entre períodos. Os resultados mostram que existem diferenças significativas entre o primeiro e o quarto períodos na duração das acelerações e desacelerações e na velocidade com que as desacelerações começam. A criação do perfil de aceleração dos árbitros de basquetebol possibilita conhecer as demandas do jogo e analisar adequadamente as variáveis preditivas do desempenho

Load Variability of Training Sessions and Competition in Female Basketball / Variabilidad em la carga de las sesiones de entrenamiento e la competición en baloncesto feminino de formación / Variabilidad en la Carga de las Sesiones de Entrenamiento y la Competición en Baloncesto Femenino de Formación

To know how the efforts are distributed throughout the training week and competition it is necessary a planning of the training loads. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the load profile of the training session based on its weekly order and competition. A competitive period of a sub 13 women's basketball team was registered. Each player was monitored with a GARMINTM heart rate band and a WIMUTM inertial system during training and competition. The objective was to determine the load profile of the session based on its weekly order and compare it with competition. The main results identified a constant pattern in the modulation of the load during the week. In this profile, the first session gets lower values than the rest of the week. The intermediate sessions obtain higher values and decreasing in the last prematch session. These results can be used to design fitness programs that optimize the performance of basketball players

Para una correcta planificación de las cargas de entrenamiento, es necesario saber cómo se distribuyen los esfuerzos a lo largo de la semana de entrenamiento y también definir las demandas que genera la competición deportiva. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el perfil de carga de la sesión de entrenamiento en función de su orden semanal, además de la competición deportiva. Para ello se registró un periodo competitivo de un equipo sub 13 de baloncesto femenino dónde se monitorizó a cada jugadora con una banda de frecuencia cardíaca GARMINTM y un sistema inercial WIMUTM durante el entrenamiento y la competición. El objetivo fue determinar el perfil de carga de la sesión en función de su orden semanal y compararlo con la competición deportiva. Los principales resultados identificaron un patrón constante en la modulación de la carga durante la semana. En dicho perfil, la primera sesión obtiene valores inferiores al resto de la semana y, son las sesiones intermedias las que obtienen valores superiores, disminuyendo en la última sesión pre partido. Estos resultados pueden ser utilizados para el diseño de programas de acondicionamiento físico que optimicen el rendimiento de las jugadoras de baloncesto

Para um planejamento adequado das cargas de treinamento, é necessário conhecer como os esforços são distribuídos ao longo da semana de treinamento e também definir as demandas geradas pela competição esportiva. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o perfil de carga da sessão de treinamento com base em sua ordem semanal, além da competição esportiva. Para isso, foi registrado um período competitivo de um time de basquete sub 13 feminino, onde cada jogador foi monitorado com uma faixa de ritmo cardíaco GARMINTM e um sistema de inércia WIMUTM durante o treinamento e competição. O objetivo foi determinar o perfil de carga da sessão com base em sua ordem semanal e compará-la com a competição esportiva. Os principais resultados identificaram um padrão constante na modulação da carga durante a semana. Neste perfil, a primeira sessão obtém valores menores que o resto da semana e, são as sessões intermediárias que obtêm valores mais altos, diminuindo na última sessão pré-jogo. Esses resultados podem ser usados para projetar programas de condicionamento físico que otimizem o desempenho de jogadores de basquete

La Especialización en Baloncesto. Análisis de Perfiles de Rendimiento en función del Puesto Específico en Etapas de Formación / Specialization in Basketball. Performance Profiling Analysis According to Players' Specific Position in Formative Stages / A especialização em basquete. Análise de perfis de desempenho com base na posição específica nas etapas de treinamento

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las diferencias de rendimiento de los jugadores en función del puesto específico, en la competición de baloncesto junior más importante de Europa, el Adidas Next Generation Tournament. Se analizaron todos los jugadores de la U-18 de las temporadas 2013-14 y 2014-15 (N = 581; base, n = 246; alero, n = 202; pívot; n = 133). Las variables de rendimiento fueron estandarizadas (acciones / minuto). Se utilizaron el análisis ANOVA, coeficientes de variación (CV%) y análisis discriminante. Los resultados principales mostraron diferencias entre bases y pívots en lanzamientos anotados (T2A y T3A), rebotes (RDef y ROf), asistencias y tapones realizados; entre bases y aleros en asistencias; y entre aleros y pívots en el lanzamiento exterior (T3A). Esta especialización parece seguir un patrón tradicional con bases pasadores y anotadores desde el exterior, interiores dominantes especialistas en el juego interior y aleros con funciones intermedios. Además, se observó menor variabilidad de rendimiento en bases (CVtotal = 77.5%), seguido de pívots (CVtotal = 79.27%) y aleros (CVtotal = 85.88%). Estos resultados pueden servir para optimizar el proceso de entrenamiento, afianzar parámetros específicos de cada puesto, y ayudar en la identificación de talentos

The aim of this study was to analyze performance differences in basketball players regarding their specific position, from the most important junior basketball competition in Europe, the Adidas Next Generation Tournament. Records from all players competing in 2013-14 and 2014-15 seasons (N = 581; point guard, n = 246; shooting guard, n = 202; centre; n = 133) were studied. Performances parameters were standardized (actions per minute). Calculations included ANOVA, coefficient of variation (CV%) and discriminant analysis. Main results showed differences: between point guards and centres in 2-point shot attempts (T2A and T3A), rebounds (RDef and ROf), assists and blocks made; between point guards and shooting guards in assists and rebounds; and between shooting guards and centres in 3-point shot attempts (T3A). This specialization seems to follow the classical pattern of point guards as passers and far-distance shooters, centres dominants and inside game specialist, and shooting guard assuming an intermediate role. In addition, lower variability was observed in point guards (CVtotal = 77.5%), followed by centres (CVtotal = 79.27%) and shooting guards (CVtotal = 85.88%). These findings may serve to optimize the training process, strengthen specific parameters for each position, and help in talent identification

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as diferenças no rendimento dos jogadores em função da sua posição, na competição de basquetebol júnior mais importante da Europa, o Adidas Next Generation Tournament. Foram analisados todos os jogadores sub-18 nas temporadas 2013-14 e 2014-14 (N = 581; base, n = 246, extremo, n = 202; poste, n = 133). As variáveis de rendimento foram padronizadas (ações/minuto). Foram utilizadas análises ANOVA, coeficientes de variação (CV%) e análise discriminante. Os principais resultados mostraram diferenças entre os bases e os postes em lançamentos concretizados (T2A e T3A), ressaltos (RDef e ROf), assistências e desarmes efetuados; entre bases e extremos nas assistências; e entre extremos e postes em lançamentos exteriores (T3A). Esta especialização parece seguir um padrão tradicional com bases passadores e marcadores desde o exterior, interiores dominantes especialistas no jogo interior e extremos com funções intermédias. Além disso, observou-se menor variabilidade no rendimento dos bases (CVtotal = 77,5%), seguido de postes (CVtotal = 79,27%) e extremos (CVtotal = 85,88%). Estes resultados podem servir para otimizar o processo de treino, assegurar parâmetros específicos de cada posição e ajudar na identificação de talentos

Traducción y adaptación cultural del cuestionario exercise fear avoidance scale para su uso en adultos mayores chilenos / Translation and cultural adaptation of the Exercise Fear Avoidance Scale for Chilean older adults / Tradução e adaptação cultural do questionário de escala do exercício para evitar o uso em idosos chilenos

RESUMEN Objetivo Traducir y adaptar culturalmente el cuestionario Exercise Fear Avoidance Scale (EFAS) al español para su uso en adultos mayores chilenos. Materiales y Métodos Doble traducción directa con armonización de versiones, retro-traducción y análisis de la comprensibilidad mediante entrevistas cognitivas. En el proceso de entrevistas cognitivas participaron 20 adultos mayores con edades comprendidas entre 63 y 83 años. Resultados Todos los ítems fueron evaluados como claros y comprensibles. Mediante la técnica de parafraseo e indagación 3 ítems (de un total de 16) se tuvieron que adaptar para lograr una mejor comprensión. Dos de estas adaptaciones consistieron en reemplazar un concepto por uno más utilizado en el contexto chileno y otra modificación fue en relación con la redacción, puesto que su lectura resultaba compleja para esta población. Conclusiones Se obtuvo una versión en español del cuestionario EFAS, la cual demostró ser comprensible y adaptada para su uso en adultos mayores chilenos.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To translate and culturally adapt the Exercise Fear Avoidance Scale (EFAS) Into Spanish for Chilean older adults. Materials and Methods Double direct translation with harmonization, back translation and analysis of text comprehensibility through cognitive interviews. A sample of 20 older adults between the ages of 63 and 83 participated in the cognitive interview process. Results All items were assessed as clear and understandable. Using the paraphrasing and inquiry techniques, 3 items (out of 16) were adapted to achieve better understanding. Two of these adaptations consisted in replacing one concept with another, as the latter was more used in the Chilean context, and making a non-literal translation, since the literal one was too complex for the elderly to understand. Conclusions A Spanish version of the EFAS was obtained, which proved to be understandable and adapted for its use with Chilean older adults.(AU)

OBJETIVO Traduza e adapte culturalmente o questionário da Escala de Evitação do Medo do Exercício (EFAS) ao espanhol para uso em idosos chilenos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Tradução direta dupla com harmonização de versões, retrotradução e análise de compreensibilidade por meio de entrevistas cognitivas. Vinte idosos entre 63 e 83 anos participaram do processo de entrevista cognitiva. RESULTADOS Todos os itens foram avaliados como claros e compreensíveis. Usando a paráfrase e a técnica de investigação, três itens (de um total de 16) tiveram que ser adaptados para alcançar uma melhor compreensão. Duas dessas adaptações consistiram em substituir um conceito por outro mais utilizado no contexto chileno e outra modificação em relação à redação, uma vez que sua leitura era complexa para essa população. CONCLUSÕES Foi obtida uma versão em espanhol do questionário EFAS, que se mostrou compreensível e adaptado para uso em idosos chilenos.(AU)

Impacto económico asociado a la implementación de las recomendaciones con grado de evidencia A-I del documento de consenso de GeSIDA/PNS (2015) relativas a la optimización del tratamiento antirretroviral en adultos infectados por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana con carga viral suprimida en España / Economic impact of optimising antiretroviral treatment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults with suppressed viral load in Spain, by implementing the grade A-1 evidence recommendations of the 2015 GESIDA/National AIDS Plan

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es estimar el impacto económico en España de la optimización del tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) triple en pacientes con carga viral suprimida según las recomendaciones GeSIDA/PNS (2015) y su aplicabilidad en la práctica clínica. Métodos: A partir de los datos de prescripción del TAR de la encuesta hospitalaria 2014, siguiendo las recomendaciones de GeSIDA/PNS de optimización de TAR con grado de evidencia A-I, se desarrolló un modelo farmacoeconómico. Las pautas de optimización, la voluntad de optimización y demás asunciones y resultados del modelo fueron validados por un panel de expertos en la infección por VIH (infectológos y farmacéuticos hospitalarios). El análisis se realizó desde la perspectiva del SNS, considerando el coste farmacológico anual, precio de venta del laboratorio notificado, deducción RD-Ley-8/2010 e IVA. Resultados: El panel seleccionó 6 estrategias de optimización y estimó que en España de los 80.859 pacientes actualmente en TAR triple, 10.863 (13,4%) serían candidatos a optimizar su TAR según estas estrategias, generando ahorros de 15,9M euros /año (2,4% del coste farmacológico del TAR triple). Las estrategias más factibles (>40% del total de pacientes candidatos a optimizar, n=4.556) y asociadas a mayores reducciones del gasto (ahorro entre 653 y 4.797 euros /paciente-año según el TAR triple de partida) serían las optimizaciones a ATV/r+3TC. Conclusión: La aplicación a la práctica clínica española de las principales estrategias de optimización recomendadas en el documento GeSIDA/PNS (2015) generaría ahorros sustanciales, especialmente aquellas basadas en biterapia con ATV+3TC, contribuyendo así al control del gasto farmacéutico y a la sostenibilidad del SNS (AU)

Introduction: The objective of this study is to estimate the economic impact associated with the optimisation of triple antiretroviral treatment (ART) in patients with undetectable viral load according to the recommendations from the GeSIDA/PNS (2015) Consensus and their applicability in the Spanish clinical practice. Methods: A pharmacoeconomic model was developed based on data from a National Hospital Prescription Survey on ART (2014) and the A-I evidence recommendations for the optimisation of ART from the GeSIDA/PNS (2015) consensus. The optimisation model took into account the willingness to optimise a particular regimen and other assumptions, and the results were validated by an expert panel in HIV infection (Infectious Disease Specialists and Hospital Pharmacists). The analysis was conducted from the NHS perspective, considering the annual wholesale price and accounting for deductions stated in the RD-Law 8/2010 and the VAT. Results: The expert panel selected six optimisation strategies, and estimated that 10,863 (13.4%) of the 80,859 patients in Spain currently on triple ART, would be candidates to optimise their ART, leading to savings of 15.9M euros /year (2.4% of total triple ART drug cost). The most feasible strategies (>40% of patients candidates for optimisation, n=4,556) would be optimisations to ATV/r+3TC therapy. These would produce savings between 653 euros and 4,797 euros per patient per year depending on baseline triple ART. Conclusion: Implementation of the main optimisation strategies recommended in the GeSIDA/PNS (2015) Consensus into Spanish clinical practice would lead to considerable savings, especially those based in dual therapy with ATV/r+3TC, thus contributing to the control of pharmaceutical expenditure and NHS sustainability (AU)

Scoring coordination patterns in basketball international championships of national teams / Patrones de coordinación anotadora en los campeonatos internacionales de baloncesto de selecciones

The performance of two basketball teams can be analysed by exploring their different scoring dynamics on the basis of the two time series representing the scoring process of each team throughout the game. Existing studies following this approach focused mainly on regular season and playoff games in different basketball leagues. The aim of this study was to conduct this type of analysis on games of National Teams championships, focusing specifically on final round close games, as those in which medals are decided and teams perform in a very similar level. The study considers the final round games (i.e. semi-finals games, third-place game and final game) of the main men's professional basketball International Championships of National Teams (i.e. European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games) played during the period 2005-2013. Different methods of time series analysis were used (i.e. autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions, double backward moving averages, Hilbert transform). The results revealed an increasing scoring coordination pattern between the teams as the games unfolded, showing extremely high coordinated behaviours in the 3rd and 4th quarters (i.e. similar scoring streaks by the two teams; back-and-forth scoring patterns). This suggests that are the first two quarters of the games those leading to major fluctuations on the scoreboard (i.e. game periods in which one team’s scoring performance is very successful whilst the other team’s is not). This study may be matter of interest to coaches and performance analysts in the field of basketball, providing practical information for specific games preparations in International Championships of National Teams (AU)

El rendimiento de dos equipos de baloncesto se puede analizar mediante la exploración de sus diferentes dinámicas de anotación sobre la base de las dos series temporales que representan el proceso anotador de cada equipo durante todo el partido. Los estudios existentes siguiendo este enfoque se han centrado principalmente en partidos de temporada regular y de playoff en diferentes ligas de baloncesto. El objetivo de este estudio fue llevar a cabo este tipo de análisis en partidos de campeonatos de selecciones nacionales, centrándose específicamente en los partidos ajustados de las rondas finales, como aquellos en los que se deciden las medallas y en los que los equipos desempeñan en un nivel muy similar. El estudio considera los partidos de las rondas finales (semifinales, tercer y cuarto puesto, y final) de los principales campeonatos internacionales de baloncesto de selecciones nacionales en categoría masculina (Campeonatos Europeos, Campeonatos del Mundo y Juegos Olímpicos) disputados durante el período 2005-2013. Se utilizaron diferentes métodos de análisis de series temporales (funciones de autocorrelación y correlación cruzada, doble media móvil, transformada de Hilbert). Los resultados revelaron un patrón creciente de coordinación anotadora entre los equipos a medida que los partidos avanzaban, mostrando patrones de coordinación extremadamente altos en el tercer y último cuarto (rachas de anotación similares para los dos equipos, patrones de anotación de ida y vuelta). Esto sugiere que son los dos primeros cuartos de los partidos aquellos que conducen a mayores fluctuaciones en el marcador (períodos de juego en los que el rendimiento anotador de un equipo es muy exitoso, mientras que el del otro equipo no lo es). Este estudio puede ser de interés para los entrenadores y analistas de rendimiento en baloncesto, proporcionando información práctica para la preparación específica de partidos en los campeonatos internacionales de selecciones nacionales (AU)

Development of a risk stratification model for pharmaceutical care in HIV patients / Desarrollo de un modelo de estratificación de atención farmacéutica destinado a pacientes VIH+

Background: The increasing number of HIV-patients and their complexity makes it necessary to develop risk classification tools to improve the optimization of resources. Objective: To design a risk-stratified model for pharmaceutical care (PC) in HIV-patients. Methods: A cross-sectional, multicenter study. An expert panel was created by Hospital Pharmacist experienced in PC for HIV-patients. The study was designed in 4 phases. The first phase included a review of literature and the development of a summary of the scientific evidence available. According to their score, patients were stratified into three levels of PC. In the second and third phases, a sample of patients was assessed and data information was recorded. The overall analysis also allowed pharmacists to define the actions to be applied at each level of priority. Finally, each stratification model was applied to a new sample of patients to verify their applicability and usefulness. Results: All variables included in the model were weighted in terms of their relative relevance compared to the rest. A sample of 215 patients was evaluated to obtain their score and distribution: Priority-1: score ≥ 32 and 10% of the sample; Priority-2: 18-31.9 and 30%; Priority-3: ≤ 17 and 60%. The PC interventions corresponding to each level of priority were classified into ‘pharmacotherapeutic monitoring’, ‘training, education and patient tracking’ and ‘coordination of all the healthcare team members’. Conclusions: This study supported the design and adaptation of a selection and stratification model for PC in HIV-patients as a tool to identify those who may benefit from priority intervention (AU)

Antecedentes: El aumento del número de pacientes VIH+ en las consultas de atención farmacéutica (AF) y de su complejidad implica la necesidad de desarrollar herramientas de estratificación para mejorar la optimización de recursos. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo de estratificación en atención farmacéutica al paciente VIH+. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico trasversal llevado a cabo por un panel de experto en Farmacia Hospitalaria con experiencia en AF al paciente VIH+. El estudio consta de 4 fases. En primer lugar, se realizó una revisión de la literatura y un resumen de la evidencia científica hasta la fecha estableciendo 3 niveles de estratificación. En las fases 2 y 3 una muestra de pacientes fue analizada para definir las intervenciones específicas de cada nivel de estratificación. Finalmente, se empleó el modelo de estratificación en una nueva muestra de pacientes para comprobar su utilidad y correcta aplicación. Resultados: Las variables incluidas en el modelo fueron ponderadas en función de su relevancia. Se analizaron 215 pacientes con el nuevo modelo obteniéndose una puntuación y distribución como sigue: Prioridad-1: puntuación ≥32 y 10% de la muestra; Prioridad-2: 18-31.9 y 30%; Prioridad-3: ≤17 y 60%. Las diferentes intervenciones de cada nivel se clasificaron en ‘seguimiento farmacoterapéutico’, ‘entrenamiento y formación de pacientes’ y coordinación con el resto del equipo multidisciplinar’. Conclusión: Este el primer modelo de estratificación para la atención farmacéutica al paciente VIH+. Su uso permitirá identificar aquellos pacientes que más se podrán beneficiar de cada tipo de intervención (AU)

Efectos de la asistencia, densidad de la misma y la capacidad del pabellón en las victorias conseguidas en casa en función de la conferencia en la NBA / Efeitos da assistência, a mesma densidade e capacidade do pavilhão com as vitórias em casa em termos de conferência na NBA / Effects of attendance, crowd density and capacity of arena in home advantage according to NBA conference

Los equipos que juegan en casa ganan más del 50% de los partidos. El estudio de los efectos relacionados con el apoyo del público ha sido poco analizado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los efectos de la capacidad del pabellón, la asistencia a los partidos y la densidad de la misma en las victorias conseguidas en casa. Se analizaron los resultados por equipo de 7 temporadas de la NBA (N=210). Los datos fueron extraídos de la página web especializada Basketball-Reference.com. La asistencia media, la capacidad del pabellón y la densidad de la asistencia y su relación con el número de victorias en casa fueron analizadas. Se utilizó un análisis de regresión para analizar los efectos de estas variables en el número de victorias en casa. Los resultados muestran un efecto estadísticamente significativo de la asistencia media al pabellón en ambas conferencias, y de la capacidad del pabellón en la conferencia oeste. El tamaño del público ya se ha demostrado como uno de los predictores más potentes de las victorias en casa. El aumento de la asistencia al pabellón va a llevar a un aumento del rendimiento de equipo. Los clubes deben promover políticas que hagan más atractivo desplazarse al pabellón por parte de los aficionados, aumentando la asistencia y, por tanto, el número de victorias en casa (AU)

As equipes que jogam em casa mais de 50% dos jogos. O estudo dos efeitos relacionados com o apoio do público foi pouco analisado. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os efeitos da capacidade do ginásio, a assistência aos jogos e a densidade da mesma nas vitórias conseguidas em casa. Foram analisados os resultados por equipe de 7 temporadas da NBA (N = 210). Os dados foram extraídos da página web especializada Basketball-Reference.com. A assistência média, a capacidade do ginásio e a densidade da assistência e sua relação com o número de vitórias em casa foram analisados. Utilizou-se a análise de regressão para analisar os efeitos destas variáveis no número de vitórias em casa. Os resultados mostram um efeito estatisticamente significativo da assistência média ao ginásio em ambas conferências e da capacidade do ginásio na conferência oeste. O tamanho do público foi demonstrado como um dos preditores mais potentes das vitórias em casa. O aumento da assistência ao ginásio leva a um aumento do rendimento da equipe. Os clubes devem promover políticas que façam mais atrativo ir ao ginásio por parte dos torcedores, aumetando a assistência e, por tanto, o número de vitórias em casa (AU)

Home teams wins over the 50% of games. Studies that explain the associated factors with crowd, have been poorly studied. The aim of the study was to identify interactive effects of facilities size, game attendance and crowd density in home wins. Data were composed by 7 regular season from NBA, 2007/2008-2012/213. Each team of competition was analyzed (N=210). Data were collected from specialized website Basketball-Reference.com. Regression analysis were used to predict the number of home victories through interactive effects of facilities size, game attendance and crowd density. Results show a significant effect of game attendance in home victories in all the competition and in the analysis split by conferences. Significant effects of facilities size was found for all competition and west conference. Game attendance has been probed as one of the most important home victories predictor. An increase on game attendance tend to a rise in number of home victories (AU)

Influence of parents and physical education teachers in adolescent physical activity / Influencia de los padres y los profesores de Educación Física en la actividad física de los adolescentes

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of parents and Physical Education teachers on adolescent's extracurricular Physical Activity. Data were obtained from the Chilean System for the Assessment of Educational Quality test with a large representative sample of 23,180 students (11,927 females and 11,253 males aged 13.7 and 13.8 years respectively). The analyzed variables were the extracurricular physical activity of adolescents, parents’ and physical education teachers’ encouragement to do physical activity and parents’ physical activity behavior. Associations between variables were analyzed using chi-squared tests. Two logistic regression models, one adjusted and the other unadjusted, were performed for each physical activity variable (vigorous, moderate, mild and total) in order to obtain odds ratios from parents’ and physical education teachers’ influence variables. Results showed that parents’ influence is more relevant than physical education teachers’ influence in order to promote physical activity in adolescents, regardless of age, sex and physical condition (AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la influencia de los padres y los profesores de Educación Física en la Actividad Física extracurricular de los adolescentes. Los datos fueron obtenidos del Sistema Chileno de Medición de la Calidad de Educación, en una muestra representativa de 23,180 estudiantes (11,927 niñas y 11,253 niños, con una edad media de 13,7 y 13,8 años). Las variables analizadas fueron la Actividad Física extracurricular de los adolescentes, la influencia que ejercían los padres y los profesores de Educación Física para que realicen Actividad Física y la Actividad Física de los padres. Se analizó la asociación entre las variables a través del chi-cuadrado. Dos regresiones logísticas, con y sin ajuste del modelo, fueron realizadas para cada nivel de la Actividad Física (vigorosa, media, baja y total) con el objetivo de obtener los Odds Ratios de las variables relativas a la experiencia de los padres y los profesores de Educación Física. Los resultados muestran que la influencia de los padres es más relevante que la de los profesores de Educación Física a la hora de promover la Actividad Física en los adolescentes, independientemente de la edad, el género o la condición física (AU)

Asociación entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, el estado nutricional (IMC) y los niveles de actividad física y condición física en adolescentes chilenos / Association between health related quality of life, bodyweight status (BMI) and physical activity and fitness levels in Chilean adolescents

Objetivos: el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las posibles relaciones entre la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) con el estado nutricional y los niveles de Actividad Física (AF) y Condición Física (CF) en adolescentes chilenos, de manera independiente e interactiva. Método: se utilizó una muestra de 767 participantes (47,5% chicas) con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años de edad (edad media 15,5 años). Todas las medidas utilizadas se obtuvieron mediante instrumentos auto-administrados. Se utilizó el Kidscreen-10, iPAQ e IFIS para evaluar la CVRS, la AF y la CF, respectivamente. Se realizaron análisis de ANOVA de un factor y modelos de regresión lineal para analizar las asociaciones entre la CVRS, el estado nutricional, la AF y la CF utilizando la edad y el sexo como variables confusoras. Resultados: se ha encontrado una asociación independiente del Índice de Masa Corporal, el nivel de AF y de CF con el nivel de CVRS de adolescentes chilenos. Sin embargo, al analizar esta asociación de forma combinada y ajustada por sexo y edad tan solo el nivel de CF general se asocia de forma significativa con la CVRS. Conclusión: el nivel de CF general se asocia con la CVRS en adolescentes chilenos independientemente del sexo, la edad, el estado nutricional y el nivel de AF. La relación entre el estado nutricional y el nivel de AF semanal con la CVRS están mediadas por el sexo, la edad y el nivel de CF general (AU)

Aim: the objective of this study was to analyze the potential relationships between Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) with weight status, physical activity (PA) and fitness in Chilean adolescents in both, independent and combined analysis. Method: a sample of 767 participants (47.5% females) and aged between 12 and 18 (mean age 15.5) was employed. All measurements were carried out using selfreported instruments and Kidscreen-10, iPAQ and IFIS were used to assess HRQoL, PA and Fitness respectively. One factor ANOVA and linear regression models were applied to analyze associations between HRQoL, weight status, PA and fitness using age and sex as confounders. Results: body mass index, level of PA and fitness were independently associated with HRQoL in Chilean adolescents. However, the combined and adjusted by sex and age analysis of these associations showed that only the fitness was significantly related with HRQoL. Conclusion: general fitness is associated with HRQoL independently of sex, age, bodyweight status and level of PA. The relationship between nutritional status and weekly PA with HRQoL are mediated by sex, age and general fitness (AU)