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1.
Occup Med (Lond) ; 63(2): 109-15, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23257118

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Data on occupational safety and health in Southern Africa are scant. Hence the negative impact of poor working conditions is unknown and the scientific basis for interventions and policy formulation is lacking. AIMS: To determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, exposure to occupational health hazards in Zambia. METHODS: We used data collected in the 2009 National Labour Force Survey. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were used to measure magnitudes of associations. RESULTS: Exposure to occupational hazards among the 64 119 respondents (response rate = 78%) included vibration from hand tools or machinery (3%), temperatures that make one perspire even when not working (4%), low temperatures whether indoors or outdoors (4%), smoke, fume, powder or dust inhalation (13%), pesticides (3%), noise so loud that voice had to be raised to talk to people (4%), chemical handling or skin contact (3%) and exposure to heavy object lifting, frequent bending of the back or rapid movement of limbs causing body pain (30%). In multivariate analysis, exposure to occupational health hazards was associated with older age, male sex, low educational level, being married/cohabiting and not being self-employed. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study indicate that Zambian workers are exposed to a broad range of occupational health hazards. This could be useful for the formulation of a multi-sector approach aimed at the prevention and control of hazard exposure.


Assuntos
Substâncias Perigosas/análise , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Ocupacional , Adolescente , Adulto , África Austral , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Demografia , Escolaridade , Ergonomia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Civil , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto Jovem , Zâmbia
2.
Rural Remote Health ; 13(3): 2345, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24050622

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is the most widely recognized modifiable risk factor for this disease. There is little information on the prevalence and risk factors for hypertension in Zambia, and in particular in rural areas of the country. In order to contribute to the existing global literature on hypertension, particularly in rural Zambia, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its correlates in two rural districts of Zambia, namely Kaoma and Kasama. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a modified World Health Organization (WHO) global non communicable diseases (NCD) surveillance initiative NCD-STEPwise approach was used. Proportions were compared using the Yates' corrected χ2 test, and a result yielding a p-value of less than 5% was considered significant. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Factors that were significantly associated with the outcome in bivariate analyses were considered in a multivariate logistic regression analysis using a backward variable selection method. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. RESULTS: In total, 895 participants from Kaoma and 1198 participants from Kasama took part in the surveys. Overall, 25.8% participants (27.5% male, 24.6% female; p=0.373) in Kaoma and 30.3% (31.3% male, 29.5% female; p=0.531) in Kasama were hypertensive. In Kaoma, age and BMI were independently associated with hypertension. Compared with participants aged 45 years or older, participants aged 25-34 years were 60% (AOR=0.40, 95% CI [0.21, 0.56]) less likely to be hypertensive. Participants with BMI <18.5 and 18.5-24.9 were 54% (AOR=0.46, 95% CI [0.30, 0.69]) and 31% (AOR=0.69, 95% CI [0.49, 0.98]) less likely to be hypertensive compared with participants with BMI ≥30. In Kasama, age, smoking and heart rate were significantly associated with hypertension in multivariate analysis. Participants 25-34 years were 49% (AOR=0.51, 95% CI [0.41, 0.65]) less likely to be hypertensive compared with participants 45 years or older. Compared with participants who were non-smokers, smokers were 21% (AOR=1.21, 95% CI [1.02, 1.45]) more likely to be hypertensive. Participants who had heart rate >90 beats/min were 59% (AOR=1.59, 95% CI [1.17, 2.16]) more likely to be hypertensive compared with participants who had heart rate 60-90 beats/min. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal that hypertension is prevalent among rural residents in Kaoma and Kasama, Zambia. The disease is highly associated with age, BMI, smoking and heart rate. Efficient preventive strategies are needed to halt the growing trend of non-communicable diseases through the control of risk factors highlighted in this study.


Assuntos
Hipertensão/epidemiologia , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Índice de Massa Corporal , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Zâmbia/epidemiologia
3.
Indian Pediatr ; 45(12): 963-8, 2008 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19129563

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and correlates for current cigarette smoking. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the East Timor-Leste Global Youth Tobacco Survey conducted in 2006. SETTING: Public and private schools registered with the Ministry of Education. PARTICIPANTS: A two-stage cluster sample of 1790 students in Grades 7 to 9. Schools were selected with probability proportional to enrolment size, and classes were randomly selected in each school. All students in selected classes were eligible to participate in the survey. The school and student response rates were 96.0% and 84.5%, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of current cigarette smoking. RESULTS: Out of 1790 adolescents, 52.1% were of ages less than 15 years, 51.8% were males, 42.8% reported having some pocket money in a month, and 72.7% had at least a parent who was a smoker. Prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 40.3%. Current smokers also reported having bought cigarettes from peddlers (32.4%), someone bought for them (16.7%), got from someone older (13.7%), borrowed (13.3%), and stole (3.4%). Males were more likely to be smokers than females (59.0% versus 19.3%). Factors positively associated with current smoking were: parental smoking; closest friend smoking; amount of pocket money; and exposure to anti-tobacco messages. CONCLUSIONS: East Timor has one of the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking among adolescents. The fact that exposure to anti-tobacco messages was associated with being a smoker may be evidence suggesting that anti-tobacco messages, especially from tobacco-related industry, may have unintended consequences.


Assuntos
Fumar/epidemiologia , Marketing Social , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Rural Remote Health ; 7(3): 728, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17900223

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. There are limited data on the prevalence of and factors associated with smoking among in-school adolescents in developing countries. OBJECTIVES: To estimate prevalence of those who have smoked cigarettes and to identify associated socio-demographic factors among adolescents in Chongwe district, Chongwe [corrected] Province, Zambia. METHODS: Data used was from the Zambia Global Youth Tobacco Survey, which was conducted using standardized methodology among in-school adolescents in 2002. Data were analyzed to assess if selected socio-demographic variables were associated with having smoked cigarettes. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations. RESULTS: A history of having smoked cigarettes ranged from 20.5% among 15 year olds to 37.2% among males younger than 12 years old. In females, 20.7% of 13 year olds and 37.7% of those less than 12 years old had smoked. Parental smoking, friends smoking, a lack of perception that smoking was harmful, and exposure to pro-tobacco advertisements were associated with having smoked cigarettes. Adolescents who had smoked cigarettes were more likely to allow others smoke in their presence. CONCLUSIONS: Many adolescents in rural Chongwe[corrected], Zambia had tried cigarette smoking. The identification of predictors for smoking should guide the design and implementation of programs aimed to prevent initiation and maintenance of tobacco use among adolescents.


Assuntos
Fumar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Saúde da População Rural , População Rural , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Zâmbia/epidemiologia
5.
Tanzan Health Res Bull ; 9(3): 159-63, 2007 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18087892

RESUMO

A study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of sexual intercourse among school adolescents in Coast Province, Kenya. Data were obtained through the Kenya Global School-Based Health Survey. Overall the prevalence of sexual intercourse within the last 12 months was 14.9% (22.2% in males and 5.0% in females). Among males, the protective factors against having sex were being of age < 15 years (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.58, 0.62) and ever been drunk (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.59, 0.67). The risk factors for having sex among males were ever smoked (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.92, 2.19), having close friends (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.56, 1.81), currently drinking alcohol (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06, 1.20), ever used drugs (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 2.24, 2.49) and parental supervision (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.25, 1.34). Meanwhile among female respondents, parental supervision was protective (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.81, 0.94) and the only risk factor was ever used drugs (OR = 2.85, 95% CI 2.57, 3.15). It is suggested that public health interventions aimed to promote adolescent sexual health should be designed with the appreciation of the factors associated with sexual activity in due consideration.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Coito , Adolescente , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Quênia/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudantes
6.
Tanzan Health Res Bull ; 9(3): 202-6, 2007 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18087900

RESUMO

A cross sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents in Zambia. Backward logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between relevant predictor variables and suicidal ideation within the last 12 months. A total of 1970 in-school adolescents who participated in the Zambia Global School-Based Health Survey in 2004 responded to the question on suicidal ideation. Overall, 54.0% were males, 40.8% were current drinkers, and 35.9% ever smoked marijuana (cannabis). Altogether 31.3% reported suicidal ideation in the past 12 months (males = 31.1%; females = 31.4%). Being male (OR = 1.05; 95%CI 1.03, 1.05): being <14 years old (OR = 1.21; 95%CI 1.19, 1.23), having been drunk (OR = 1.28; 95%CI 1.27, 1.29). worried (OR= 1.05; 95%CI 1.04, 1.06), sad or hopeless in the past 12 months (OR = 1.02; 95%CI 1.01, 1.03) and ever used marijuana (OR = 1.18; 95%CI 1.17, 1.19) were positively associated with suicidal ideation. Loneliness appeared to be protective (OR = 0.92; 95%CI 0.91, 0.92). All the results, except for ever smoked marijuana and ever been drunk, may have been biased due to non-response to the question on suicidal ideation. A series of cross sectional studies should be conducted to monitor changes in behavioural factors among others ever smoked marijuana and ever been drunk in order to broaden our understanding of factors that may be causing adolescents to seriously consider committing suicide.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Suicídio/psicologia , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Fumar Maconha/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Zâmbia/epidemiologia
7.
Tanzan Health Res Bull ; 9(3): 190-5, 2007 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18087898

RESUMO

An analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey for Kilimanjaro, Tanzania was carried out to assess sex differences in the prevalence rates and predictors of current cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents. A total of 2323 adolescents participated in the study of whom 53% were females and 47% males. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 3.0% and 1.4% among males and females, respectively. The common factors that were significantly positively associated with cigarette smoking between sexes were: having more pocket money, closest friend smoked cigarettes, seeing actors smoke on TV, videos or movies, and seeing advertisements for cigarettes at social gatherings. Seeing anti-smoking messages at social gatherings were negatively associated with smoking among both sexes. While having had something such as a t-shirt or pen with a cigarette brand logo on it was positively associated with cigarette smoking among males, it was negatively associated with cigarette smoking among females. Male adolescents older than 15 years, those in their 9th year of schooling, and those who had seen cigarette brand names on TV were more likely to smoke. Meanwhile, male respondents who were in their 8th year of schooling, had seen anti-smoking media messages, and advertisements for cigarettes in newspapers or magazines were less likely to smoke. Among female adolescents, those who had parents who smoked, and surprisingly those who perceived that cigarette smoking as harmful were more likely to smoke. Interestingly, seeing advertisement for cigarettes on billboards was negatively associated with smoking among female adolescents. Interventions aimed to reduce adolescent smoking need to be designed and implemented with due consideration of sex differences in these associated factors.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Fumar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Publicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Distribuição por Sexo , Fumar/psicologia , Tanzânia/epidemiologia
8.
Tob Control ; 15 Suppl 1: i42-7, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16723675

RESUMO

DESIGN: The aim of the programme was to ultimately affect public health practice and policy in the Kingdom of Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) by training key health professionals to conduct tobacco control research. SETTING: Encouraged by the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, a global partnership formed to build effective leadership to develop and guide national tobacco control agendas. The partners were the Ministries of Health (Cambodia and Lao PDR), non-government organisations (Adventist Development and Relief Agency in Cambodia and Laos) and an academic institution (Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA). SUBJECTS: 16 health professionals, 10 from Cambodia and 6 from Lao PDR, were selected by local advisory committees to enter a two-year, intensive tobacco research graduate certificate and research training programme. INTERVENTION: We developed a "Global Tobacco Control Methods" (GTCM) 28 unit certificate programme that was offered in five sessions from September 2003 to September 2005 at the National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. As part of their coursework, the 16 trainees actively participated in the development and implementation of two research projects. In the first project, "Healthy Doc Healthy Patient" (HDHP), trainees adapted an existing, self-administered questionnaire designed to assess health practices and beliefs of medical students in Cambodia and Lao PDR. The second project involved the design of a national prevalence of tobacco use and health beliefs study in Cambodia using a multi-stage, cluster sample method. Trainees were sponsored to attend and present at international tobacco control conferences to enhance their awareness of the tobacco epidemic. RESULTS: As of September 2005, 14 trainees (8 from Cambodia and 6 from Lao PDR) completed the courses in the GTCM certificate programme. The HDHP study sampled four medical school classes (years 3, 4, 5 and 6) in both Cambodia (n = 330, 71.1% response rate) and Lao PDR (n = 386, 87.3% response rate). As part of the Cambodian adult tobacco prevalence study in Cambodia, 13,988 adults (ages > or = 18 years) were interviewed from all 22 provinces during the summer of 2005. Over the two years, more than half of the trainees participated substantially in local and regional tobacco control and research activities. Programme challenges included the trainees' limited English language and computer proficiency skills, both of which improved during the two years. CONCLUSIONS: With the successful completion of the certificate programme, the remaining two years of the grant will be used to prepare the trainees for positions of leadership within their Ministries of Health and other agencies to implement effective tobacco control policies based on locally-derived research findings.


Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Pessoal de Saúde , Mentores , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Camboja , Humanos , Intercâmbio Educacional Internacional , Laos , Pesquisa
9.
Afr Health Sci ; 13(2): 376-83, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24235939

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Millennium Development Goals recognise child health and survival as an important socio-development issue. OBJECTIVES: To determine the correlates of diarrhoea among children aged below 5 years in north Sudan. METHODS: We conducted secondary data analysis of the Sudan Multiple Cluster Indicators Survey II. RESULTS: Altogether, 23,295 children were included in the survey. Half (50.0%) of the children were males, and 22.5% of them were of age less than one year. Boys were 3% (p=0.044) more likely to have diarrhoea compared to girls. Compared with the oldest age group (48-59 months), children less than 6 months of age and those aged 36-47 months had 25% and 18% lower prevalence of diarrhoea, respectively, while children aged 6-24 months and those aged 24-35 months had 1.5 fold and 1.17 fold higher prevalence of diarrhoea. Children in urban areas were 6% more likely to have diarrhoea. Children from households with 1 or 2 people per room were 8% less likely to have diarrhoea compared to children from households with more than 3 people per room. CONCLUSIONS: Diarrhoea was associated with child's age, gender, and social status. Our findings provide a useful baseline for interventions and comparisons with future studies.


Assuntos
Diarreia/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia Infantil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , População Rural , Distribuição por Sexo , Sudão/epidemiologia , População Urbana
10.
Malawi Med J ; 25(1): 12-4, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23717749

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Physical and emotional violence against adolescents is a neglected, but growing problem globally. Violence against adolescents negatively affects the victim in terms of physical health, school attendance and performance and social adjustment. The literature on the prevalence and associated factors of bullying against adolescents is sparse in southern Africa outside South Africa. Such data are even sparser for Malawi. The current study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of self-reported bullying and its personal and social correlates. METHODS: A secondary analysis of the Malawi School-Based Student Health Survey (2009) was done. Descriptive analyses were done to describe the sample and estimate the prevalence of reporting history of bullying in the past 30 days preceding the survey. Logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between several factors and being a victim of bullying. Crude and adjusted odds ratios are reported. RESULTS: A total of 2,264 in-school adolescents participated in the Malawi School-Based Student Health Survey of 2009. Just under half (44.5%) reported having been bullied in the previous month to the survey (44.1% among boys versus 44.9% among girls). Compared to adolescents of age 16 years or older, those who were 12 years old or younger and those who were 14 years of age were more likely to be bullied (AOR=1.54; 95% CI [1.41, 1.76]) and OR=1.26; 95% CI [1.21, 1.31]) respectively. The other risk factors that were identified in the analysis were loneliness (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI [2.20, 2.27]), and being worried (AOR = 2.80; 95% CI [2.76, 2.85[). Adolescents who had no close friends were 14% (AOR = 1.14; 95% CI [1.11-1.17]) more likely to be reporting bullied compared to adolescents who reported having close friends. Adolescents who smoked cigarettes were more than three times more likely to reporting be bullied compared to non-smokers (AOR=3.97; 955 CI [3.83, 4.10]), while those who drank alcohol were more than twice as likely to be bullied as adolescents who did not take alcohol (AOR=2.26; 95% CI [2.16, 2.35]). CONCLUSION: Malawian in-school adolescents report a high prevalence of having been bullied. Traditional associated factors such alcohol and smoking as well as emotional correlates (loneliness, worry) were associated with being a victim of bullying. School officials and health workers caring for adolescents should be sensitized to the frequent occurrence of bullying and to its correlates and consequences.


Assuntos
Bullying , Vítimas de Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Malaui/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
Afr Health Sci ; 11(1): 65-71, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21572859

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The consequences of low birth weight (LBW) include death and long-term health sequelae. Limited attention has been made towards the study of socio-demographic factors that may be associated with LBW in Malawi. OBJECTIVES: To assess factors that may be associated with LBW. METHODS: We used secondary data on the 2006 Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). Logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 26,259 females in the age group 15-49 years participated in the survey, and of these, 5024 had children who were reported to have been weighed at birth. Most (60.5%) of the respondents were in the 20-29 years age group. In multivariate analysis, the odds of LBW delivery were lower for women in higher wealth quintiles and those who had some education. Women who previously had a child were less likely to deliver a LBW baby. CONCLUSION: The higher odds of delivering a LBW baby among women with no education, and lower wealth status may suggest that there is need to tailor pre-natal care based interventions on social status. This may involve creating education level-specific health messages.


Assuntos
Escolaridade , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Paridade , Adolescente , Adulto , Parto Obstétrico , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Logísticos , Malaui/epidemiologia , Estado Civil , Idade Materna , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pobreza , Gravidez , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
12.
Tanzan J Health Res ; 11(1): 11-6, 2009 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19445099

RESUMO

Data from the Global School-Based Health Survey (2003) were analysed to estimate the proportions of relevant socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics. Of the 1997 students who participated in the survey, 15.6% (17.1% males and 14.0% females) reported alcohol consumption. Factors associated with consumption of alcohol use were being worried, bullied, smoking cigarettes, truant, and lack of parental supervision. Students who were never worried were 49% (AOR=0.51 [95% CI (0.36, 0.72)]) less likely to consume alcohol compared to students who were most of the time or always worried. Similarly, students who were never bullied were 42% (AOR=0.57 [95% CI (0.42, 0.77)]) less likely to take alcohol compared to students who were bullied at least six times in the previous one month to the survey. Compared to students who smoked cigarettes, non-smokers were 71% (AOR=0.29 [95% CI (0.21, 0.41)]) less likely to consume alcohol. Compared to students who always received parental supervision, students who rarely received parental supervision were more likely (AOR=1.85 [95% CI (1.19, 2.90)] to consume alcohol, and those students who sometimes received parental supervision were less likely (AOR=0.70 [95% CI (0.50, 0.98)] to consume alcohol. There is a need to implement public health interventions with special attention to the determinants of alcohol consumption in this age group.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Criança , Vítimas de Crime , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fumar , Zimbábue/epidemiologia
13.
Tanzan J Health Res ; 10(3): 166-76, 2008 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19024342

RESUMO

The majority of adults who smoke cigarettes initiated the habit when they were adolescents or young adults. While rates of smoking and associated factors are known among 13-15 year olds in Malawi, correlates of cigarette smoking among adolescents in a national representative sample in Malawi have not been studied. We, therefore, carried out this study to estimate the prevalence of current smoking and determine its correlates in a nationally representative sample of in-school adolescents in Malawi. An analysis of the Malawi Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2005 was conducted. Using logistic regression analysis, we estimated the association between current cigarette smoking and potential explanatory variables. Overall, 2.5% of adolescents (3.2% among males, and 1.8% among females) were current cigarette smokers. Smoking among parents was 9.6% with no significant difference between males and females (10.3% versus 10.1%). Stronger associations with smoking were observed for friends smoking status (AOR=3.07, 95%CI 2.99, 3.16), receiving pocket money (AOR=3.06, 95%CI 2.98, 3.14), and perception that smoking increases body weight (AOR=2.98, 95%CI 2.81, 3.16). Students who thought that cigarette smoking is harmful to health were 56% (AOR=0.44, 95%CI 0.43, 0.45) less likely to smoke than students who thought otherwise. Despite being the world's second leading grower of tobacco, the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adolescent is lower than has been reported elsewhere.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Fumar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Malaui/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar/economia , Fumar/psicologia , Meio Social
14.
Singapore Med J ; 49(1): 57-62, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18204771

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking is the single most important risk factor for non-communicable chronic medical conditions. Estimating the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its determinants will aid in the design, implementation and evaluation of public health interventions. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and determinants of smoking among school-going adolescents in Mongolia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using standardised methodology was conducted among school-going adolescents in 2003 in Mongolia. RESULTS: 4,105 adolescents (mean age 14.1 years, standard deviation 0.8 year) participated in the study. Approximately 55 percent were females, 30.4 percent of the study population was 15 years old, 63.5 percent had never smoked and 93.2 percent perceived tobacco as harmful. About 58 percent had parents, and 52 percent had friends, who were smokers. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 9.2 percent; 15.4 percent among males versus 4.4 percent among females. Cigarette smoking was associated with the male gender, parental and peer influence and having spending power. The perception that smoking was harmful to health was associated with lower odds of smoking. CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking is prevalent among school-going adolescents in Mongolia. There is a need to implement public health interventions, with special attention to the determinants of smoking in this age group.


Assuntos
Fumar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mongólia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Tabagismo/diagnóstico , Tabagismo/epidemiologia
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