Adapting E-cigarette prevention programming to reach the latinx community.

PURPOSE: E-cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. Yet evidence-based prevention programming is limited due to the rapid onset of this threat. Community-based efforts to address vaping largely target youth in school settings. Although parents can play an important role in youth tobacco control efforts, messages about the dangers of vaping, use among adolescents, and strategies for intervening have not reached many Spanish-speaking parents in low-income Latinx communities. Our community-academic team developed e-cigarette prevention programming for use by promotor/as de salud to address this unmet need. METHODS: During the 1-year project, the team worked closely with a Project Advisory Committee to: review existing evidence-informed materials; conduct focus groups with parents, youth and promotor/as to guide program development; develop a curriculum to prepare promotor/as to educate low-literacy, Spanish-speaking parents about vaping; craft Spanish language resources for promotor/as to use in community education sessions; train 61 promotor/as to deliver the program; and support program delivery to 657 community members. RESULTS: Focus groups with promotor/as and community members, key-informant interviews, and brief surveys informed program development and assessment. Community member feedback was essential to development of appropriate materials. Promotor/as demonstrated significant pre- to post- training increases in e-cigarette knowledge and confidence in delivering vaping prevention education. Community members demonstrated a mastery of basic e-cigarette concepts and expressed intention to discuss vaping with their children. CONCLUSIONS: Promotor/a-led programming for parents represents a promising approach to vaping prevention and control in the Latinx community.

Effects of sandblasting before orthophosphoric acid etching on lingual enamel: in-vitro roughness assessment.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we evaluated changes in lingual enamel roughness due to sandblasting with 27-, 50-, and 90-µm aluminum oxide particles followed by 37% orthophosphoric acid etching. METHODS: Twenty-four maxillary premolars were included in the study. The lingual enamel roughness of 20 teeth was evaluated using a laser confocal microscope before and after enamel conditioning. Group 1 (control) was etched with 37% orthophosphoric acid; groups 2, 3, and 4 were sandblasted with 27-, 50-, and 90-µm aluminum oxide particles, respectively, before acid etching. The lingual surfaces of the other 4 teeth were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy after they had received one of the conditioning methods under study. Paired t tests were used to compare the roughness parameters obtained before and after conditioning in each group, and 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare the surface roughness between groups. The significance level was set at 5% for all statistical analyses. RESULTS: The 4 conditioning methods significantly increased the roughness of the lingual enamel. However, the roughness increases in the groups that were sandblasted with 27-, 50-, and 90-µm aluminum oxide particles before orthophosphoric acid etching were statistically greater than was the increase in the group conditioned only with orthophosphoric acid. Scanning electron microscopy showed different conditioning patterns among specimens that were conditioned only with orthophosphoric acid and those sandblasted with aluminum oxide before acid etching. CONCLUSIONS: Lingual enamel conditioning with aluminum oxide sandblasting before acid etching results in greater roughness and produces a conditioning pattern different from that of acid etching alone.

Influence of different methods of cleaning custom bases on the shear bond strength of indirectly bonded brackets.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence on shear bond strength and bond failure location of four cleaning methods for orthodontic bracket custom bases. DESIGN: In vitro laboratory study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty bovine teeth were divided at random into four groups. The bracket custom bases were cleaned with different methods: group 1 with methyl methacrylate monomer, group 2 with acetone, group 3 with 50 µm aluminium oxide particles and group 4 with detergent. The brackets were indirectly bonded onto the teeth with the Sondhi Rapid-Set self-curing adhesive. The maximum required shear bond strength to debond the brackets was recorded. The bond failure location was evaluated using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis (P<0·05) was used to detect significant differences in the bond strength. Kaplan-Meier survival plots and log-rank test were done to compare the survival distribution between the groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0·05) was used to evaluate the differences in the ARI scores. RESULTS: The mean bond strengths in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 23·7±5·0, 25·3±5·1, 25·6±3·7 and 25·7±4·2 MPa, respectively. There were no significant statistically differences in either the bond strength or the ARI score between the groups. CONCLUSION: The four custom base-cleaning methods presented the same efficiencies on indirect bond of the brackets; thus, practitioners can choose the method that works best for them.

[Characteristics of white spot lesions associated with orthodontic treatment: a review]. / Características de las lesiones de mancha blanca asociadas al tratamiento de ortodoncia: una revisión.

Introduction: The purpose of this literature review is to provide scientific evidence on the characteristics of white spot lesions (WSL) during orthodontic treatment, their incidence, prevalence, risk factors related to their development, progression, and regression, as well as explain the most used diagnostic methods. Materials and methods: An exhaustive search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct and Embase up to the date of November 30, 2022. Cross-sectional studies that evaluated white spot lesions before and after orthodontic treatments were included. Two researchers carefully selected the articles evaluated and analyzed different key topics on the subject. Results: It was found that the prevalence and incidence of white spots during orthodontic treatment varies widely depending on the diagnostic method used, the type of orthodontic technique used and the time of orthodontic treatment. The incidence of white spot lesions is highest in patients treated with conventional braces, followed by those who used self-ligating braces, and was lowest in patients who used aligners. The most affected teeth are the upper lateral incisors and upper maxillary canines at the level of the gingival third. Conclusions: The incidence of white spots is associated with orthodontic treatment, being closely related to the treatment technique used and the treatment time. There is a regression of the LMB during the first year after removal of the appliance.

Erratum: Simultaneous Exercise and Cognitive Training in Virtual Reality Phase 2 Pilot Study: Impact on Brain Health and Cognition in Older Adults.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3233/BPL210126.].

Simultaneous Exercise and Cognitive Training in Virtual Reality Phase 2 Pilot Study: Impact on Brain Health and Cognition in Older Adults.

BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise and environmental enrichment have been shown to enhance brain function. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising method for combining these activities in a meaningful and ecologically valid way. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this Phase 2 pilot study was to calculate relative change and effect sizes to assess the impact of simultaneous exercise and cognitive training in VR on brain health and cognition in older adults. METHODS: Twelve cognitively normal older adults (64.7±8.8 years old, 8 female) participated in a 12-week intervention, 3 sessions/week for 25-50 minutes/session at 50-80% HRmax. Participants cycled on a custom-built stationary exercise bike while wearing a VR head-mounted display and navigating novel virtual environments to train spatial memory. Brain and cognitive changes were assessed using MRI imaging and a cognitive battery. RESULTS: Medium effect size (ES) improvements in cerebral flow and brain structure were observed. Pulsatility, a measure of peripheral vascular resistance, decreased 10.5% (ES(d) = 0.47). Total grey matter volume increased 0.73% (ES(r) = 0.38), while thickness of the superior parietal lobule, a region associated with spatial orientation, increased 0.44% (ES(r) = 0.30). Visual memory discrimination related to pattern separation showed a large improvement of 68% (ES(η p 2) = 0.43). Cognitive flexibility (Trail Making Test B) (ES(r) = 0.42) and response inhibition (ES(W) = 0.54) showed medium improvements of 14% and 34%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of simultaneous exercise and cognitive training in VR elicits positive changes in brain volume, vascular resistance, memory, and executive function with moderate-to-large effect sizes in our pilot study.

Effect of lingual enamel sandblasting with aluminum oxide of different particle sizes in combination with phosphoric acid etching on indirect bonding of lingual brackets.

OBJECTIVE: To compare bond strength and bond failure location of lingual brackets indirectly bonded after lingual enamel sandblasting with 27-, 50-, and 90-µm aluminum oxide particles followed by 37% phosphoric acid etching. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty maxillary premolars were randomly divided into four equal groups according to the method of lingual enamel surface conditioning: Group 1 (control) was etched with 37% phosphoric acid, and group 2, group 3, and group 4 were sandblasted with 27-, 50-, and 90-µm aluminum oxide particles, respectively, prior to acid etching. Lingual brackets were indirectly bonded using the same protocol and adhesive (Sondhi) in all groups. The maximum shear bond strength required to debond the brackets was measured using a testing machine, and the bond failure location was classified according to the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean bond strength between groups. The differences between ARI scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in mean shear bond strength or ARI scores between the four enamel-conditioning procedures. CONCLUSION: Lingual enamel sandblasting using different particle sizes of aluminum oxide prior to phosphoric acid etching did not increase the shear bond strength of indirectly bonded brackets and did not affect the amount of adhesive remnant on the enamel.

Effect of adhesion boosters on indirect bracket bonding.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of two adhesion boosters on shear bond strength and on the bond failure location of indirectly bonded brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty bovine incisors were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20), and their buccal faces were etched using 37% phosphoric acid. In group 1 (control), brackets were indirectly bonded using only Sondhi adhesive. In groups 2 and 3, the adhesion boosters Enhance Adhesion Booster and Assure Universal Bonding Resin, respectively, were applied before bonding with Sondhi. Maximum bond strength was measured with a universal testing machine, and the location of bond failure was evaluated using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). One-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (P < .05) was used to compare the shear bond strength among groups, and the differences in ARI scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < .05). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine whether there was any correlation between bond strength and ARI scores. RESULTS: The mean shear bond strength in group 3 was significantly higher (P < .01) than in the other groups. Evaluation of the locations of bond failure revealed differences (P < .05) among the three groups. There was a moderate correlation between bond strength and ARI scores within group 3 (r  =  0.5860, P < .01). CONCLUSION: In vitro shear bond strength was acceptable in all groups. The use of the Assure adhesion booster significantly increased both the shear bond strength of indirectly bonded brackets and the amount of adhesive that remained on the enamel after bracket debonding.

Transposición dentaria del canino superior derecho a propósito de 3 casos / Dental transposition of right superior canine a presentation of 3 cases

La transposición dentaria es una anomalía caracterizada por el cambio de posición entre 2 dientes o más en el arco dentario. Esta anomalía puede provocar diversos problemas funcionales y estéticos y por estas razones necesita de un correcto diagnóstico para un tratamiento precoz, que involucra generalmente un abordaje multidisciplinario. El objetivo de este artículo fue relatar 3 casos donde fue diagnosticada la presencia de transposición dentaria. Se discutieron los posibles abordajes terapéuticos y se hizo énfasis en la importancia del diagnóstico precoz(AU)

The dental transposition is an anomaly characterized by the change in position among 2 or more teeth in the dental arch and it may to provoke different functional and esthetic problems being needed a correct diagnosis and an early treatment involving by general, a multidisciplinary approach. The aim of present paper is to relate the history of 3 cases in which the presence of a dental transposition was diagnosed and also to discuss on the possible therapeutical approaches emphasizing the significance of the early diagnosis(AU)

La hiperdontia en región de molares / Hyperdontia in molar region

La hiperdontia constituye una de las anomalías más estudiadas de la dentición humana. Esa alteración representa la aparición de uno o más dientes en cantidades mayores de lo normal, que puede ocurrir en la mandíbula o maxila y de manera unilateral o bilateral. La etiología de los dientes supernumerarios puede ser explicada principalmente por hiperactividad de la lámina dentaria en la fase inicial. Es importante la detección precoz de dientes supernumerarios porque se ha visto una serie de complicaciones como los diastemas, que pueden causar en la cavidad bucal: retardo de la erupción o dientes impactados, posicionamiento inadecuado de dientes permanentes, desajuste oclusal y el desarrollo de quistes y tumores odontógenos. Así el diagnóstico es normalmente realizado a partir de un examen radiográfico convencional, principalmente la radiografía panorámica. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo relatar 4 casos clínicos de pacientes con presencia de molares supernumerarios, que fueron atendidos en el Servicio de Radiología de la Escuela de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Ceará(AU)

Hyperdontia is one of the more studied anomalies of human dentition. This alteration represents the appearance of one or more teeth in a number greater of normal, occurring in mandible or in maxilla and could be unilateral or bilateral. The etiology of supernumerary teeth may be explained mainly due to the hyperactivity of dental plate in its initial phase; its early detection is important because of there have been a series of complications that may to cause diastemata, eruption retard or impacted teeth, inappropriate positioning of permanent teeth, occlusal misalignment and the development of odontogenic cysts or tumors. Thus, the diagnosis is normally made from a conventional radiographic examination, mainly the panoramic X-ray. The objective of present paper is the present four clinical cases of patients presenting with supernumerary molars, seen in the Radiology Service during the course of stomatology of the Federal University of Ceará(AU)

Enfermedad periodontal como factor de riesgo de retardo del crecimiento intrauterino / Periodontal disease as risk factor of intrauterine growth restriction

El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar la relación entre Retardo del Crecimiento Intrauterino (RCIU) y enfermedad Periodontal Materna (EPM), controlando otros factores de riesgo obstétrico. Se siguió un diseño de casos-controles apareados por edad. La población fueron mujeres que dieron a luz en el Instituto Materno Perinatal de Lima durante el año 2002. La muestra estuvo constituida por 53 casos y 106 controles correspondientes a madres de niños nacidos sin RCIU. Los datos sobre antecedentes maternos y embarazo actual se obtuvieron entrevistando a las madres y revisando las historias clínicas. Las participantes recibieron una evaluación preriodontal completa dentro de las 48 horas porteriores al parto, relizada por dos examinadores calibrados (kappa>0.70). Se registró y estimó el sangrado al sondaje, profundidad al sondaje, pérdida de inserción clínica, severidad y extensión de EPM. Los resultados mostraron que no esxistieron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en cuanto a riesgo social, hipertensión, infecciones ni antecedentes de recien nacidos con RCIU o bajo peso (p> 0.05). El análisis de los indicadores periodontales mostró una tendencia a una peor condición periodontal en el grupo de casos, aunque esta diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p> 0.05). El OR crudo de la relación promedio de pérdida de inserción clínica y RCIU fue de ORc: 1,830 [95 por ciento IC (0.846;3.959)]. El modelo de regresión logística condicional multivariada controlando por paridad, control prenatal y riesgo social mostró asociación entre el promedio de pérdida de inserción clínica y RCIU, ORa: 4.1 [95 por ciento IC (1.4; 11.6)]. Aparantemente la enfermedad periodontal materna incrementa el riesgo de retardo del crecimiento intrauterino.