Healthcare Simulation: An effective way of learning in health care.

Background and Objective: Simulation-based learning has been a part of teaching in healthcare for a long time; however, in recent decades, simulation-based learning has been adopted by a significant number of healthcare institutes at different levels to improve practical skills, confidence, and preparedness to ensure patient safety and its application in real-life situations towards better patient care. The main objective of this paper was to use existing literature to explore aspects of simulation in healthcare teaching. Methods: It is a narrative review on simulation in healthcare that was conducted by using various search engines for English-language articles published between 2010 and August 2020. The main search terms were simulation, healthcare teaching, and simulation in healthcare. All articles found relevant to the title and/or abstract were retrieved. Searches were conducted using the academic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Athabasca University (AU) library site. The studies were reviewed if they were considered relevant to the search by the primary authors. Results: Thirty-nine articles, which met the pre-set criteria, were analyzed and employed as a reference in this paper to support the idea that simulation is an effective way of learning in healthcare. Conclusion: This paper reviewed various aspects of simulation, including its background, philosophies, and highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating simulation as a pedagogical approach into current educational curriculums for healthcare students. Furthermore, it presents a brief discussion on the current uses of simulation, followed by the educational strategies related to simulation and the importance of debriefing in simulation activities.

FREQUENCY AND OUTCOME OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN PRETERM NEONATES.

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the commonest gastrointestinal emergency in neonates. It is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Present study was conducted to determine the frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates along with their outcome during stay in hospital. METHODS: This was descriptive case series carried out in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Paediatrics department, POF Hospital Wah Cantt from August 2010 to February 2011. All the preterm neonates admitted in NICU POF Hospital were included in the study. Patients were clerked on a pre-designed pro forma. RESULTS: A total of 196 neonates were enrolled and 28 (14%) were diagnosed with NEC. Outcome analysis of these 28 patients with NEC revealed that 16 patients (57.14%) were discharged while 11 (39.28%) expired and one (3.5%) was referred. CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence in preterm-low birth weight babies presenting in our set-up, with high mortality rates.

Mandatory Influenza Immunisation for Healthcare Workers.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of contracting and spreading influenza, especially in annual outbreaks. To achieve a high level of health, this matter can be potentially solved with the implementation of mandatory flu vaccination policies. Despite ample evidence of vaccine effectiveness in reducing sickness, hospital visits, and even deaths, there is resistance to mandatory immunization among HCWs. The purpose of this communication is to present the rationale as to why the influenza vaccine should be mandatory among HCWs and to extract its practical and scholarly significance. The article has been organised to highlight the advantages of immunisation for HCWs, recognise the consequences of non-immunization, and resolve the myths associated with the flu vaccine. Finally, the stance and recommendations of several health agencies around the world on mandating the influenza vaccine for HCWs have been incorporated, with relevant literature evidence consolidated to support the narratives. Key Words: Influenza, Vaccination, Health policy, Healthcare workers' vaccine, Mandatory vaccine.

Barcode Medication Administration Technology to Prevent Medication Errors.

Medication errors cause harm to patients at any point along the medication administration process and can be prevented. Barcoding medication administration (BCMA) is effective as a clinical decision support system (CDSS) to avoid errors. This viewpoint proposes the implementation of BCMA to avoid potential adverse events. The opinion piece gives an overview of BCMA, reviews the current literature on its effectiveness, and sheds light on the associated challenges and how to overcome them. The objective of this article is to increase awareness regarding BCMA and how it can decrease patient morbidity and mortality, enhance safety, and lower overall hospital-associated costs by preventing medication errors. Key Words: Bar-code medication administration, Medication errors, Adverse drug events, Patient safety.

Rising Antimicrobial Resistance: Not Only Attention Situation Demand Immediate Action.

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Wernicke's encephalopathy with atypical findings on MR imaging.

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a disease usually related to chronic alcoholism. The clinical diagnosis is often difficult to establish. MR imaging is a highly sensitive method for detecting lesions associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy. We report a case of atypical manifestation of hyperintense lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a 60-year-old male patient with Wernicke's encephalopathy.