Comparative evaluation of the left ventricular mass in patients with chronic kidney disease in periodontally healthy, chronic gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis patients.

OBJECTIVES: Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation due to periodontal diseases may not be limited to adjacent oral tissues but may have influence on systemic diseases such as chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and cardiovascular diseases. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate and compare left ventricular mass (LVM) in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis (CKDH) in periodontally healthy, chronic gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis. METHODOLOGY: A total of 60Â patients diagnosed with CKDH were divided equally into three groups based on periodontal status as CKDH patients with healthy periodontium (Group I), CKDH patients with chronic gingivitis (Group II), and CKDH patients with chronic periodontitis (Group III). These patients were assessed clinically, biochemically, and echocardiographically. LVM in each of these patients was calculated according to Devereux formula and was indexed to height. RESULTS: Group II and Group III patients exhibited higher mean LVM of 199.51 ± 40.17 g and 200.35 ± 65.04Â g, respectively, as compared to Group I of 161.56 ± 27.99Â g. Similarly, LVM index (LVMI) was found to be more in Group II and Group III at 59.36 ± 13.14Â g/m2.7 and 57.83 ± 19.94Â g/m2.7, respectively, while it was 45.99 ± 11.87 g/m2.7 for Group I patients. CONCLUSION: Increasing the severity of periodontal diseases in CKDH patients is associated with increase in LVM and LVMI. Periodontal screening and intervention would enable the clinician to refine cardiovascular risk assessment in such patients.

Comparative analysis of salivary sialic acid levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic periodontitis patients: A biochemical study.

AIM: Sialic acid plays a central role in the functioning of biological systems, in stabilizing the glycoproteins and cellular membranes, assisting in cell-cell recognition and interaction. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the periodontal health status and salivary Sialic acid levels in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and chronic periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety subjects were included in the study, which were divided into the following groups, 30 in each group. Group 1: patients suffering from COPD and chronic periodontitis, Group 2: periodontitis patients without any systemic diseases Group 3: healthy subjects. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected around 9-10 AM; 2 h after the subjects had breakfast. The sialic acid content was determined by a combined modification of the thiobarbituric acid method of Skoza and Mohos. RESULTS: The mean salivary sialic acid levels were least in the healthy group followed by the periodontitis group, and it was highest in the COPD group. CONCLUSIONS: We can thus conclude that promotion of dental care knowledge is very much essential in the prevention and treatment of COPD. Thus, estimation of levels of salivary sialic acid can be used as an adjunct to diagnose the current periodontal disease status and to assess the treatment outcomes in subjects with COPD and chronic periodontitis.

Expression of periodontal inflammation into left ventricular hypertrophy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic periodontitis, an inflammatory disease, is closely related to certain systemic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. These conditions, occurring as comorbidities, synergically affect periodontal tissues. AIM: This study aims to examine whether chronic gingivitis and chronic generalized severe periodontitis in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with increased left ventricular mass (LVM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 patients affected with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited and divided into three groups with 15 patients each according to their periodontal status: Group I consisting of healthy individuals, Group II consisting of chronic gingivitis, and Group III consisting of chronic generalized severe periodontitis. They were assessed clinically, biochemically, and echocardiographically. LVM was calculated according to Devereux formula and was indexed to height. RESULTS: The differences in the means for LVM and LVM index (LVMI) were statistically significant in three groups with a P = 0.006 and 0.014, respectively. After adjusting for the confounders, the mean values of LVM in Group I, II, and III were 149.35 ± 35.51 g, 147.95 ± 31.59 g, and 156.36 ± 36.57 g, respectively and for LVMI, the mean values were 43.61 ± 12.16 g/m(2.7) (Group I), 47.12 ± 10.84 g/m(2.7) (Group II), and 46.34 ± 12.55 g/m(2.7) (Group III). CONCLUSIONS: A positive association between chronic generalized severe periodontitis and increased LVM in Type 2 DM patients was observed, suggesting the role of periodontal disease in the left ventricular hypertrophy.