RESUMO
The use of all-trans-retinoic acid (atra) and anthracyclines (with or without cytarabine) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (apl) has dramatically changed the management and outcome of the disease over the past few decades. The addition of arsenic trioxide (ato) in the relapsed setting-and, more recently, in reduced-chemotherapy or chemotherapy-free approaches in the first-line setting-continues to improve treatment outcomes by reducing some of the toxicities associated with anthracycline-based approaches. Despite those successes, a high rate of early death from complications of coagulopathy remains the primary cause of treatment failure before treatment begins. In addition to that pressing issue, clarity is needed about the use of ato in the first-line setting and the role of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (hsct) in the relapsed setting. The aim for the present consensus was to provide guidance to health care professionals about strategies to reduce the early death rate, information on the indications for hsct and on the use of ato in induction and consolidation in low-to-intermediate-risk and high-risk apl patients.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients have an increased risk of other malignancies. This may be due to surveillance bias, treatment or immunosuppression. METHODS: Cohort study of 612 consecutively diagnosed CLL patients in a Canadian province, with comparisons to follicular lymphoma (FL) patients. RESULTS: Treated CLL patients had a 1.7-fold increased risk of second cancers compared with untreated CLL patients. As compared with untreated FL patients, untreated CLL patients had a two-fold increased incidence of second malignancies. CONCLUSION: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients have an inherent predisposition to second cancers and the incidence is further increased by treatment.
Assuntos
Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/epidemiologia , Linfoma Folicular/epidemiologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Canadá/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Folicular/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia remains a challenging disease in adults. With modern multi-drug induction chemotherapy regimens, complete remission can be achieved in most patients. However, without additional therapy at the time of the first remission, most patients will eventually relapse. Regardless of the treatment option chosen at the time of relapse, outcomes after relapse are poor, with only around 10% of all patients surviving after relapse. Thus, decision-making at the time of achieving the first complete remission is critical. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is highly effective at preventing relapse, but with significant treatment related toxicity. Ongoing chemotherapy in the form of consolidation and maintenance may be less effective at preventing relapse, but with lower toxicities. Thus, the superiority of allogeneic stem cell transplantation must be balanced against the lower toxicity of consolidation chemotherapy. This decision is further complicated by rapid changes in the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, such as the use of reduced intensity conditioning regimens and alternative stem cell sources such as cord blood transplants. The available evidence suggests that allogeneic transplantation is a viable treatment option for patients in first complete remission, with overall survival superior to traditional consolidation and maintenance chemotherapy. However, whether transplantation based post-remission therapy is superior to modern, pediatric-based non-transplant chemotherapy regimens remains unclear.
Assuntos
Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Transplante Homólogo/métodos , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Hematologia/métodos , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Oncologia/métodos , Prognóstico , Indução de Remissão , Risco , Células-Tronco/citologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We analyzed autopsies performed in a Canadian blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) program. We aimed to assess variables that predict the performance of an autopsy, whether rates of autopsy are changing, and the rate of discordance between clinical and autopsy diagnoses. All deceased adult patients from January 1990 to December 2004 were reviewed. Autopsy rates were compared to a large teaching hospital. Of 476 myeloablative BMT patients, 225 died and 48 (27%) underwent autopsy. Autopsy was more likely in patients dying: <100 days post-BMT, in the intensive care unit, after allografting, and on weekends. Autopsy rates among BMT patients declined during the three time periods (1990-1994, 1995-1999, 2000-2004). The autopsy rate at the teaching hospital showed a similar downward temporal trend. Major and minor disagreements at autopsy were present in 16 (34%) and 14 (30%) of cases, respectively. There was no change in discordance rates over time. Thus, despite advances in diagnostic procedures, high levels of disagreement between clinical and autopsy diagnoses for BMT patients persist as autopsy rates decline. We recommend that the autopsy regains its role as a valuable investigation. This may become especially relevant in an era where patients with medical comorbidities are undergoing reduced-intensity BMT.
Assuntos
Autopsia/normas , Transplante de Medula Óssea/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Erros de Diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Autopsia/estatística & dados numéricos , Canadá , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) presenting with a high leukocyte count has been associated with an increase in induction mortality and poor results in a number of other survival measures. However, the level at which an elevated leukocyte count has prognostic significance in AML remains unclear. In this report on a series of 375 adult (non-M3) AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy at a single institution, leukocyte count analyzed as a continuous variable is shown to be a better predictor of induction death (ID) and overall survival (OS) than a leukocyte count of > or = 100 x 10(9)/L, a value characteristically associated with "hyperleukocytosis" (HL). In this patient cohort, a presenting leukocyte count of > or = 30 x 10(9)/L had high sensitivity and specificity for predicting ID, and both performance status (PS) and leukocyte count more accurately predicted for ID than age. Considering these parameters in newly-diagnosed AML patients may facilitate the development of strategies for reducing induction mortality.
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Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidade , Contagem de Leucócitos , Leucócitos/citologia , Indução de Remissão , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Prognóstico , Curva ROC , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Extramedullary relapse of acute myeloid leukaemia may occur in sites such as the central nervous system, testes, and skin. Presentations in the female genital tract are uncommon and usually asymptomatic. In contrast, symptomatic uterine myeloid sarcoma is very rare. Treatment of this is generally unsuccessful, but is improved when systemic therapies are used. We study a case of a uterine relapse of acute myeloid leukaemia presenting as vaginal bleeding and successfully managed by local irradiation. The mechanism of preferential infiltration of uterine tissue requires further study.
Assuntos
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Sarcoma Mieloide/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Uterina/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Sarcoma Mieloide/patologia , Hemorragia Uterina/patologia , Neoplasias Uterinas/patologiaRESUMO
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is associated with high morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Little is known about PJP infections after HSCT because of the rarity of disease given routine prophylaxis. We report the results of a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research study evaluating the incidence, timing, prophylaxis agents, risk factors and mortality of PJP after autologous (auto) and allogeneic (allo) HSCT. Between 1995 and 2005, 0.63% allo recipients and 0.28% auto recipients of first HSCT developed PJP. Cases occurred as early as 30 days to beyond a year after allo HSCT. A nested case cohort analysis with supplemental data (n=68 allo cases, n=111 allo controls) revealed that risk factors for PJP infection included lymphopenia and mismatch after HSCT. After allo or auto HSCT, overall survival was significantly poorer among cases vs controls (P=0.0004). After controlling for significant variables, the proportional hazards model revealed that PJP cases were 6.87 times more likely to die vs matched controls (P<0.0001). We conclude PJP infection is rare after HSCT but is associated with high mortality. Factors associated with GVHD and with poor immune reconstitution are among the risk factors for PJP and suggest that protracted prophylaxis for PJP in high-risk HSCT recipients may improve outcomes.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Pneumocystis carinii , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis , Aloenxertos , Autoenxertos , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/etiologia , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/mortalidade , Pneumonia por Pneumocystis/prevenção & controle , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
For AML, older age, advanced disease and increased hematopoietic cell transplant comorbidity index (HCT-CI) are associated with worse prognosis following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). This single-center retrospective study investigated the influence of pre-transplant characteristics on outcomes of 387 patients undergoing allogeneic HCT for AML in CR1 and CR2. The multivariable analysis model for overall survival (OS) included age (hazard ratio (HR)=2.24 for ages 31-64 years and HR=3.23 for age ⩾65 years compared with age ⩽30 years, P=0.003), remission status (HR=1.49 for CR2 compared with CR1, P=0.005) and HCT-CI score (HR=1.47 for ⩾3 compared with <3, P=0.005). Transplant year was significantly associated with OS (P=0.001) but this did not influence the model. A weighted score was developed with age ⩽30, CR1 and HCT-CI score <3 receiving 0 points each, and CR2 and HCT-CI score ⩾3 receiving 1 point each. Ages 31-64 received 2 points, age ⩾65 received 3 points. Scores were grouped as follows: scores 0-1 (low risk, n=36), score 2 (intermediate-low risk, n=147), score 3 (intermediate-high risk, n=141) and scores 4-5 (high risk, n=63) with 3-year OS of 71%, 55%, 42% and 29% for scores 0-1, 2, 3 and 4-5, respectively (P<0.0001). The score predicted nonrelapse mortality (P=0.03) but not cumulative incidence of relapse (P=0.18). This model should be validated for the pre-HCT assessment of AML patients in CR1 and CR2.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Aloenxertos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/mortalidade , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/terapia , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Indução de Remissão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Terapia de Salvação , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Secondary AML (sAML) has a poor prognosis with conventional chemotherapy alone. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is beneficial for high-risk AML. Data comparing outcomes of transplants for patients with de novo and sAML are limited. We compared outcomes of patients transplanted for de novo and sAML in first complete remission and investigated the effect of age, HCT comorbidity index (HCT-CI) and karyotype in both groups. A total of 264 patients with de novo (n=180) and sAML (n=84) underwent allogeneic HCT between 1999 and 2013. Median age at transplant was 51 years (range 18-71), median follow-up of survivors was 77 months. Evaluation of all patients demonstrated no significant difference between de novo and sAML for overall survival (P=0.18), leukemia-free survival (P=0.17), cumulative incidence of relapse (P=0.51) and non-relapse mortality (P=0.42). Multivariable and propensity score analyses confirmed the comparable outcomes between de novo and sAML post transplant. Although sAML demonstrates outcomes inferior to de novo AML treated with chemotherapy alone, outcomes following allogeneic HCT are comparable between the two groups.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/métodos , Transplante Homólogo/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
On the basis of the data suggesting that adolescents and young adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved outcomes when treated on pediatric protocols, we assessed the feasibility of treating adult patients aged 18-50 years with ALL with the DFCI Pediatric ALL Consortium regimen utilizing a 30-week course of pharmacokinetically dose-adjusted E. coli L-asparaginase during consolidation. Between 2002 and 2008, 92 eligible patients aged 18-50 years were enrolled at 13 participating centers. Seventy-eight patients (85%) achieved a complete remission (CR) after 1 month of intensive induction therapy. With a median follow-up of 4.5 years, the 4-year disease-free survival (DFS) for the patients achieving a CR was 69% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56-78%) and the 4-year overall survival (OS) for all eligible patients was 67% (95% CI 56-76%). The 4-year DFS for the 64 patients who achieved a CR and were Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph-) was 71% (95% CI 58-81%), and for all 74 Ph- patients the 4-year OS was 70% (95% CI 58-79%). We conclude that a pediatric-like treatment strategy for young adults with de novo ALL is feasible, associated with tolerable toxicity, and results in improved outcomes compared with historical regimens in young adult patients with ALL.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Asparaginase/administração & dosagem , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Citarabina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Metotrexato/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medicina de Precisão , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/mortalidade , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/patologia , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Indução de Remissão , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Vincristina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome comprises limb deficiencies of variable severity, facial clefts, and other anomalies. Tetra-amelia may also be associated with facial clefts and similar anomalies. We report on a female infant with severe tetra-amelia, micrognathia, cleft palate, splenogonadal fusion, and premature centromere separation. We propose that this represents the severe expression of the Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Ectromelia/complicações , Ectromelia/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Transtornos Cromossômicos , Fissura Palatina , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Micrognatismo , Ovário/anormalidades , Baço/anormalidades , SíndromeRESUMO
We report on a case of lethal neonatal mandibuloacral dysplasia. Large confluent fontanelles, sparse fine hair and eyebrows, pseudo-exophthalmos, micrognathia, bulbar digits, and short clavicles were present. In addition, we describe for the first time the presence of glandular hypospadias in this disorder. We propose that this neonatally lethal case represents severe expression of mandibuloacral dysplasia.
Assuntos
Clavícula/anormalidades , Mandíbula/anormalidades , Humanos , Hipospadia/patologia , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , SíndromeRESUMO
Central nervous system (CNS) myeloma is a rare phenomenon, especially so after high-dose therapy (HDT) and stem cell transplantation. We describe a case of isolated CNS relapse of myeloma post autologous transplantation that followed a prolonged progression-free interval. Issues regarding the pathophysiology and management of this unusual complication are discussed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/etiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapia , Invasividade Neoplásica , Recidiva , Indução de Remissão , Transplante AutólogoRESUMO
Adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first complete remission (CR1) may be treated either with ongoing systemic chemotherapy or with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Despite the presence of phase III trials to support clinical decision-making, we hypothesized that physicians who treat adult ALL would demonstrate wide practice variation. Canadian hematologists who treat ALL were surveyed electronically. Overall, 69 of 173 physicians responded (40%). There was high agreement with offering alloHCT for ALL with high-risk cytogenetics or induction failure after a single chemotherapy cycle. However, only a minority of respondents felt that age >35 years was an indication for alloHCT in CR1. Almost all respondents (96%) felt that a well-matched unrelated donor was an acceptable alternative to a sibling donor. There was uncertainty about the role of cord blood (53% agree) and the utility of reduced intensity conditioning HCT (41% agree). In contrast to the results of the MRC/ECOG study, respondents considered alloHCT to be particularly helpful in high-risk patients. Consensus was lacking on the use of cord blood, RIC alloHCT, and the application of MRD. Equipoise exists on the role of alloHCT in CR1 in ALL, suggesting that further trials in this area are required.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Prática Profissional , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Coleta de Dados , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Médicos , Prática Profissional/estatística & dados numéricos , Indução de Remissão , Irmãos , Transplante Homólogo , Doadores não RelacionadosRESUMO
Arsenic trioxide has become the treatment of choice for patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Cardiovascular toxicity is known to occur with this therapy, in particular heart rhythm disorders due to QT interval prolongation. We present a case of ventricular arrhythmia with no QT prolongation in a patient receiving arsenic trioxide therapy.
Assuntos
Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Arsenicais/efeitos adversos , Óxidos/efeitos adversos , Taquicardia Ventricular/induzido quimicamente , Taquicardia Ventricular/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Trióxido de Arsênio , Arsenicais/uso terapêutico , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Magnésio/uso terapêutico , Manitoba , Metoprolol/uso terapêutico , Óxidos/uso terapêutico , Potássio/uso terapêutico , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnósticoRESUMO
Failure of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced germ cell tumour (GCT) is associated with a poor outcome. High-dose chemotherapy and auto-SCT is one therapeutic option, although the long-term outcome after this procedure is unclear. We conducted a multicentre cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing a single auto-SCT for GCT between January 1986 and December 2004. Of 71 subjects, median follow-up is 10.1 years. OS at 5 years is 44.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 32.9-56.5%) and EFS is 43.5% (95% CI 31.4-55.1%). There were seven (10%) treatment-related deaths within 100 days of auto-SCT. Three (4.2%) patients developed secondary malignancies. Of 33 relapses, 31 occurred within 2 years of auto-SCT. Two very late relapses were noted 13 and 11 years after auto-SCT. In multivariate analysis, favourable outcome was associated with IGCCC (International Germ Cell Consensus Classification) good prognosis disease at diagnosis, primary gonadal disease and response to salvage chemotherapy. We conclude that auto-SCT results in successful outcome for a relatively large subgroup of patients with high-risk GCT. Late relapses may occur, a finding not previously reported.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/mortalidade , Segunda Neoplasia Primária , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Transplante Autólogo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Specialized health services, such as blood and marrow transplantation (BMT), are usually based in large urban centers. Previous research has suggested that rural patients undergoing BMT have a higher risk of death. We performed a cohort study using data from both the Manitoba BMT Program and the provincial Cancer Registry to determine whether patients from the rural areas would have inferior survival after BMT and whether rural patients have reduced access to BMT. A total of 463 adult Manitobans, who underwent BMT between January 1990 and December 2006, were assessed. We analyzed area of residence (rural vs urban), disease and BMT characteristics, and calculated the OS. Patients undergoing autologous and allogeneic transplants were analyzed separately. When adjusted for gender, age at BMT and year of BMT, area of residence was not a significant predictor of mortality. A relative survival analysis was also conducted, and area of residence was again not a significant predictor of mortality. To measure access to BMT in urban vs rural patients, we evaluated all patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) during this same period. Of 432 Manitobans diagnosed with HL, 182 (42%) were rural and 250 (58%) were urban. In contrast, 69% of patients undergoing transplant for HL were urban. In conclusion, using population-based data from a Canadian province, we were unable to show a survival disadvantage for rural patients after controlling for other variables. BMT utilization in rural populations deserves further study.
Assuntos
Doença de Hodgkin/mortalidade , Doença de Hodgkin/terapia , População Rural , Transplante de Células-Tronco/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana , Adulto , Transplante de Medula Óssea/estatística & dados numéricos , Canadá/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença de Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI) was developed at a single center to predict outcomes for allogeneic transplant recipients who have comorbidities. The HCT-CI has not been widely validated in unselected transplant recipients. We evaluated whether the HCT-CI and other readily available pre-transplant variables predicted NRM and OS at a Canadian transplant center. Using a prospective cohort design, we analyzed consecutive adult allogeneic HCT recipients. Of 187 patients, HCT-CI risk was low in 22 (12%), intermediate in 50 (27%), high in 104 (55%) and undetermined in 11 (6%). Two-year OS was 45% (95% CI: 24-64%), 55% (95% CI: 40-68%) and 42% (95% CI: 32-51%) in the low, intermediate and high-risk HCT-CI groups, respectively. Two-year NRM was 36% (95% CI: 17-56%), 26% (95% CI: 15-39%) and 30% (95% CI: 22-39%) in the low, intermediate and high-risk HCT-CI groups, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the HCT-CI failed to predict OS or NRM. However, KPS of <90% at HCT was a strong predictor of NRM. In conclusion, the HCT-CI was not associated with NRM or OS. In contrast, KPS was an independent indicator of survival. International multi-center studies are required before the HCT-CI is used in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical/mortalidade , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Avaliação de Estado de Karnofsky , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prevalência , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Incidence and outcomes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) are not well established at the population level, especially since the widespread use of immunophenotyping. We studied the epidemiology of CLL in Manitoba (Canada) by combining data from a centralized flow cytometry facility and the provincial cancer registry for the period 1998-2003. Of 616 cases identified, 27% of patients identified by flow cytometry were not on the cancer registry. The age-adjusted incidence of 7.99/100,000 is substantially higher than the reported incidence in registry reports. We also noted differences in relative survival based on age and gender.
Assuntos
Imunofenotipagem , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Incidência , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/diagnóstico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/imunologia , Manitoba/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been available as a therapeutic modality for selected adult patients in Vancouver, British Columbia since 1981. We report on the history, progress, and future prospects of the Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program of British Columbia. The basic mechanisms and indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are outlined. Limitations of this procedure are also examined, particularly that of associated toxicities such as graft-versus-host-disease.