Development of a Nomogram to Predict Postoperative Peritoneal Metastasis of Colon Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological and radiological risk factors for postoperative peritoneal metastasis and develop a prediction model for the early detection of peritoneal metastasis in patients with colon cancer. METHODS: We included 174 patients with colon cancer. The clinicopathological and radiological data were retrospectively analyzed. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify risk factors for postoperative peritoneal metastasis. Based on these risk factors, a nomogram was developed. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 63 months, 43 (24.7%) patients developed peritoneal metastasis. Six independent risk factors (hazards ratio [95% confidence interval]) were identified for postoperative peritoneal metastasis: abdominopelvic fluid (2.12 [1.02-4.40]; P = 0.04), longer maximum tumor length (1.02 [1.00-1.03]; P = 0.02), pN1 (2.50 [1.13-5.56]; P = 0.02), pN2 (4.45 [1.77-11.17]; P = 0.02), nonadenocarcinoma (2.75 [1.18-6.38]; P = 0.02), and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels ≥5 ng/mL (3.08 [1.50-6.30]; P < 0.01). A clinicopathological-radiological model was developed based on these factors. The model showed good discrimination (concordance index, 0.798 [0.723-0.876]; P < 0.001) and was well-calibrated. CONCLUSIONS: The developed clinicopathological-radiological nomogram may assist clinicians in identifying patients at high risk of postoperative peritoneal metastasis.

Dual-Energy CT Iodine Concentration to Evaluate Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula after Pancreatoduodenectomy.

Background Pancreatic fibrosis and fatty infiltration are associated with postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), but accurate preoperative assessment remains a challenge. Iodine concentration (IC) and fat fraction derived from dual-energy CT (DECT) may reflect the amount of fibrosis and steatosis, potentially enabling the preoperative prediction of POPF. Purpose To identify multiphasic DECT-derived IC and fat fraction that improve the prediction of POPF risks compared with contrast-enhanced CT attenuation values and to evaluate the underlying histopathologic changes. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy and DECT (including pancreatic parenchymal, portal venous, and delayed phase scanning) between January 2020 and December 2020. The relationships of the quantitative DECT-derived IC and fat fraction, along with CT attenuation values from enhanced images with POPF risk, were analyzed with logistic regression analysis. The predictive performance of the IC was compared with that of the CT values. The histopathologic underpinnings of IC were evaluated with multivariable linear regression analysis. Results A total of 107 patients (median age, 65 years; interquartile range, 57-70 years; 56 men) were included. Of these, 23 (21%) had POPF. The pancreatic parenchymal-to-portal venous phase IC ratio (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 13; 95% CI: 2, 162; P < .001) was an independent predictor of POPF occurrence. The accuracy of the pancreatic parenchymal-to-portal venous phase IC ratio in predicting POPF was higher than that of the CT value ratio in the same phases (78% vs 65%, P < .001). The pancreatic parenchymal-to-portal venous phase IC ratio was independently associated with pancreatic fibrosis (ß = -1.04; 95% CI: -0.44, -1.64; P = .001). Conclusion A higher pancreatic parenchymal-to-portal venous phase IC ratio was associated with less histologic fibrosis and greater risk of POPF. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Lee and Yoon in this issue.

Added value of DCER-features to clinicopathologic model for predicting metachronous metastases in rectal cancer patients.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to investigate whether dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI parameters and preoperative radiological features (DCER-Features) add value to the clinicopathologic model for predicting metachronous metastases in rectal cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2014 to December 2020, 859 patients in the PACS system were retrospectively screened. Of the initial 722 patients with surgically confirmed rectal cancer and no synchronous metastases, 579 patients were excluded for various reasons such as lack of clinicopathological or radiological information. 143 patients were finally included in this study. And 73 Patients of them developed metachronous metastasis within five years. After stepwise multiple regression analyses, we constructed three distinct models. Model 1 was developed solely based on clinicopathological factors, and model 2 incorporated clinicopathological characteristics along with DCE-MRI parameters. Finally, model 3 was built on all available factors, including clinicopathological characteristics, DCE-MRI parameters, and radiological features based on rectal magnetic resonance imaging. The radiological features assessed in this study encompass tumor imaging staging, location, and circumferential resection margin (CRM) for primary tumors, as well as the number of visible lymph nodes and suspected metastatic lymph nodes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were conducted to evaluate whether the diagnostic efficiency was improved. RESULTS: The performance of model 3 (including clinicopathologic characteristics and DCER-Features) was the best (AUC: 0.856, 95% CI 0.778-0.886), whereas it was 0.796 (95% CI 0.720-0.828) for model 2 and 0.709 (95% CI 0.612-0.778) for model 1 (DeLong test: model 1 vs model 2, p = 0.004; model 2 vs model 3, p = 0.037; model 1 vs model 3, p < 0.001). The decision curves indicated that the net benefit of model 3 was higher than the other two models at each referral threshold. The calibration plot of the three models revealed an excellent predictive accuracy. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that DCER-Features have added value for the clinicopathological model to predict metachronous metastasis in patients with rectal cancers.

[The MRI findings in chordoid glioma of the third ventricle].

OBJECTIVE: To study the features of chordoid glioma of the third ventricle. METHODS: The MRI findings of five cases of chordoid glioma of the third ventricle pathologically proved were reviewed and correlated with operative and pathologic reports. RESULTS: The patients were 3 women and 2 men, 30 - 50 years old in age. The main symptoms were progressive headache, and usually erratic irregular menstruation in women.Five cases of chordoid glioma were located in the third ventricles. Grossly, the 5 tumors size range were 2 - 4 cm in diameter, and were well-circumscribed mass with rounded or irregular morphological features on standard MRI. They were isointense to slightly hypointense relative to normal white matter in T1WI, slightly hyperintense in T2WI and hypointense in DWI on MR. The significant contrast enhancement of this tumour on postcontrast T1WI result from a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and extravasation of contrast medium, as confirmed by the absence of vascular proliferation on histological examination.4 tumors were enhanced equivalently and 1 tumor had central nonenhancing components representing small cysts, because of its large size (4 cm in diameter). CONCLUSIONS: Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle is rare and the MR appearances possess unique features which are very helpful in diagnosis of chordoid glioma, but to make a definite diagnosis is based on clinical and histopathological features and immunohistochemical staining.

[Spatiotemporal Distribution and Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in Typical Drinking Water Sources in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River].

The seasonal variation and spatial distribution of pharmaceuticals in typical drinking water sources in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were analyzed using the solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. Combined with the risk entropy method, the corresponding ecological risks for aquatic organisms were evaluated. The results showed that 80% of the target pharmaceuticals were detected in the drinking water sources, with average concentrations of 0.07-13.00 ng·L-1. The concentrations of the target pharmaceuticals were lower than or comparable with those in other drinking water sources reported in China. The spatiotemporal distribution of different pharmaceuticals varied. Generally, the detection level in winter was higher than that in summer, and there was no significant difference between that upstream and that downstream. This might be mainly attributed to seasonal/regional use and emissions of the pharmaceuticals, the impact of flow rate on dilution, and the impact of temperature on biodegradation. Compared with those before the COVID-19 epidemic, the detection concentrations of the target pharmaceuticals were relatively low. The reason for this might be that the prevention and control of the epidemic reduced the use and emission of the pharmaceuticals to a certain extent, and the high rainfall and runoff strengthened the dilution of water flow. The target pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics, posed medium or low risks to aquatic organisms (especially algae). Considering the ecological risks and genotoxicity of pharmaceuticals and the potential risks of antibiotic-resistant genes, it is suggested to strengthen the investigation, evaluation, treatment, and control of pharmaceuticals in the water environment.

Metastases to the Pancreas: Computed Tomography Imaging Spectrum and Clinical Features: A Retrospective Study of 18 Patients With 36 Metastases.

The aim of this study is to identify the key computed tomography (CT) imaging findings and clinical characteristics of pancreatic metastases for its differential diagnosis. CT images and clinical features of 18 patients with 36 histopathologically proven pancreatic metastases were retrospectively reviewed. The primary malignancy included non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (n = 7), gastrointestinal carcinoma (n = 5), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (n = 3), osteosarcoma (n = 1), cardiac sarcomas (n = 1), and neuroendocrine ethmoid sinus carcinoma (n = 1). Pancreatic metastases were metachronous in 12 patients (ranging from 4 to 72 months). Tumor markers were elevated for 8 patients, of which 7 patients had NSCLC and gastrointestinal carcinoma, and 1 patient had osteosarcoma. Metastases from NSCLC and gastrointestinal carcinoma frequently presented as small well-circumscribed lesions, with homogeneous or rim enhancement, and or local pancreatic infiltration instead of focal mass, mimicking local pancreatitis. Neuroendocrine ethmoid sinus carcinoma affecting the pancreas also exhibited local pancreatic infiltration. Metastases from RCC and cardiac sarcomas had typical characteristics of hypervascular lesions. Osteosarcoma metastasizing to pancreas had special manifestation, that is, cystic lesion with thick wall and calcification. Although pancreatic metastases have a broad spectrum of CT appearances, lesions from some types of primary tumors exhibited characteristic imaging features, which, in combination with oncological history, will contribute to correct diagnosis.

Pancreatic carcinosarcoma: first literature report on computed tomography imaging.

Carcinosarcoma of the pancreas is an extremely rare tumor and has a dismal prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, the histopathological features of the lesion have been illustrated in the literature but to date no reported cases have been documented on imaging characteristics. We report a female case of pancreatic carcinosarcoma presenting as a mucinous cystadenoma on computed tomography (CT). We also summarize the CT characteristics according to the appended CT images in the reported cases. This is the first report of CT features of pancreatic carcinosarcoma in the English literature.