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Objectives: To analyze the effects of chronic adenoid hypertrophy on quality of life (QOL) of children and caregivers and compare quality of life of child before and after adenoidectomy. Materials & Methods: Prospective, observational before and after questionnaire based assessment study at a pediatric otorhinolaryngology specialty center in a metropolitan quaternary care hospital. Children aged between 2 and 12 years undergoing adenoidectomy were included. Parents were asked to fill the Obstructive Sleep Apnea-18 (OSA-18) Quality of Life Index Questionnaire one day before surgery and after one month of surgery during their scheduled follow-up visit. The study was conducted over a period of 1 year and total of 40 children's assessment was done. Results were tabulated and analyzed. Results: The mean age of presentation was 6 years. Based on OSA-18 quality of life assessment scoring the total pre-operative mean score was 73.3 and post-operative was 40.5. There was significant change in OSA-18 total score and individual domain scores post-operatively indicating significant improvement in QOL post adenoidectomy. The domains most affected due to chronic adenoid hypertrophy were physical suffering, caregiver concerns and sleep disturbance (p value < 0.001).Conclusion: Chronic adenoid hypertrophy has major impact on quality of life of a child along with caregiver concern and they show significant improvement after adenoidectomy. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-04000-z.
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How did a fitness crisis translate to a financial crisis? Why did coronavirus bring the worlds financial system to its knees? The solution is to be found in two approaches. Initially, this contagious virus resulted in a lockdown of the business world and economy. A ratio at which the virus has been proliferating, the increased uncertainty is exactly the reason for this bad situation which resulted as unsecured initialization investment between traders. We rely on the present environment in evaluating the constricting procedures, fiscal policies and public health actions that were implemented in that time. This study examines volatility transmission over the financial crisis. Recently established causality in impulse response functions and variance test to everyday data from January 2020 has been implied. To recognize the effect of the food cost crisis, statistics are separated into two intervals i.e. post-COVID period and the pre-COVID period. The variance causality test indicates that the risk transmission among agricultural commodity is zero, but oil market volatility spills on the markets for agricultural products excluding sugar in the post-crisis period. Thus, this paper signifies that the statistical volatility transmission differs post food price crisis. Following, risk transmission materializes as an additional element of the statistical interrelations among agricultural and energy markets.
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Squamous cell carcinoma is a rare, but well documented complication of chronic osteomyelitis. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a sinus tract following chronic osteomyelitis of the pelvic bone is a very rare occurrence. The patient presented with multiple draining sinuses and an ulcerative growth at the mouth of one of the sinuses in the peri-anal region. X-ray findings and sinogram showed de- struction of part of pubic bone. Biopsy from the growth confirmed a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore it is imperative that these lesions be biopsied for accurate diagnosis, adequate therapy and follow-up.