Providers' Perspectives Related to Parents' Choice of Pediatric Provider of Record and Newborn Screening: A Qualitative Study.

The pediatric provider of record has a significant role in newborn screening and maintaining infant health after birth. Procedural errors and delays in communication can hinder the identification of infants with critical illnesses or follow up of unsatisfactory NBS samples. For this study, key stakeholders, including nurses, physicians, and midwives were interviewed to understand how the pediatric provider of record is selected by parents and examine factors affecting the newborn screening education and processes in the perinatal period. Provider responsibilities, timing of parent education, and social determinants of health played a role in parents' choices of the pediatric provider. Investment in future intervention programs is needed for reducing the number of infants without a designated pediatric provider of record. Research is needed to understand social complexities and healthcare systems which affect parents' choices of pediatric providers and newborn screening processes to optimize clinical outcomes for infants.

Effects of elevated CO(2) levels on root morphological traits and Cd uptakes of two Lolium species under Cd stress.

This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of elevated CO(2) levels and cadmium (Cd) on the root morphological traits and Cd accumulation in Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Lolium perenne L. exposed to two CO(2) levels (360 and 1 000 µl/L) and three Cd levels (0, 4, and 16 mg/L) under hydroponic conditions. The results show that elevated levels of CO(2) increased shoot biomass more, compared to root biomass, but decreased Cd concentrations in all plant tissues. Cd exposure caused toxicity to both Lolium species, as shown by the restrictions of the root morphological parameters including root length, surface area, volume, and tip numbers. These parameters were significantly higher under elevated levels of CO(2) than under ambient CO(2), especially for the number of fine roots. The increases in magnitudes of those parameters triggered by elevated levels of CO(2) under Cd stress were more than those under non-Cd stress, suggesting an ameliorated Cd stress under elevated levels of CO(2). The total Cd uptake per pot, calculated on the basis of biomass, was significantly greater under elevated levels of CO(2) than under ambient CO(2). Ameliorated Cd toxicity, decreased Cd concentration, and altered root morphological traits in both Lolium species under elevated levels of CO(2) may have implications in food safety and phytoremediation.