RESUMO
Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol, at doses within the effective range for humans, was administered orally to chimpanzees with stable, efficient timing performances maintained by multilink chained schedules of food reinforcement. Reinforcements decreased with increasing dose, because of decreased frequencies of total operant timing responses and decreased accuracy of the timing performances which did occur. Higher doses exerted an effect for up to 3 days.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cannabis/farmacologia , Percepção do Tempo/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Animais , Dronabinol/administração & dosagem , Dronabinol/farmacologia , Pan troglodytes , Placebos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Body weight, food and water intake, and feces weight of 20 albino rats were recorded daily for 70 days. On days 11 to 40, 12 rats received behaviorally effective doses of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, either orally or intraperitoneally. These rats ate significantly less than placebo-dosed controls during the treatment period, and gained significantly less weight. Food intake recovered in the 30-day posttreatment period, but the former drug group still weighed less than the controls on day 70. In addition, all rats who had received intraperitoneal injections of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol showed evidence of chronic diffuse nonsuppurative peritonitis.
Assuntos
Cannabis/farmacologia , Crescimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apetite/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Depressão Química , Dronabinol/administração & dosagem , Dronabinol/efeitos adversos , Dronabinol/farmacologia , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Peritonite/induzido quimicamente , Placebos , Ratos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Baboons earned their total food ration in a situation where they were periodically given an opportunity to choose between food and an intravenous infusion of heroin. As the number of daily choices was restricted, food intake remained relatively constant, while heroin intake decreased dramatically.
Assuntos
Comportamento de Escolha , Heroína/administração & dosagem , Animais , Privação de Alimentos , PapioAssuntos
Autorradiografia , Gânglios Autônomos/citologia , Neuroglia , Neurônios , Estresse Psicológico , Adaptação Fisiológica , Animais , Encéfalo/citologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Colchicina/farmacologia , Eletrochoque , Gânglios Autônomos/metabolismo , Gânglios Autônomos/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Mitose , Psicofisiologia , Radioisótopos , Ratos , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiologia , Timidina , Fatores de Tempo , TrítioRESUMO
By arranging a series of psychological contingencies (unpredictability, uncontrollability, conflict), coupled with delivery of a physical stimulus (electric shock), we produced gastroduodenal mucosal lesions in 7 of 8 rhesus monkeys. The most severe conflict paradigm most consistently produced lesions across subjects. Of the 30 lesions observed by endoscopy, 80% occurred near the anatomic junction of gastric body and antrum, in the antrum, or in the duodenum. Lesions varied in severity from discolorations of the mucosa to disruptions of mucosal integrity. Lesions in the stomach generally disappeared in several days despite the continuation of stress; some duodenal lesions were equally evanescent, but in 2 monkeys, lesions lasted over a week. Hydrogen ion kinetics were measured in 2 monkeys that developed gastric lesions and 2 that developed duodenal lesions. The rate at which hydrogen ion entered the duodenum was uniformly suppressed for all 4 monkeys during their first session of shock avoidance; during their last session, the gastric subgroup continued to show suppression while the duodenal subgroup returned towards control levels. Serum gastrin levels were unchanged by the multiple-stress procedures. Our finding of consistently producible, stress-induced gastroduodenal pathology in anatomic areas similar to those involved in man suggests that the subhuman primate is suitable for further efforts to produce an animal model of psychosomatic ulcer disease.