RESUMO
Several studies have examined the association between childhood physical abuse (CPA) and anxiety disorders with inconsistent results. In order to help clarify this relationship, we investigated the association between CPA and current anxiety disorders while controlling for the following groups of factors: (1) demographics; (2) family background; (3) current socioeconomic status (SES); (4) current stressors; and (5) current mood disorders. Data from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey were analyzed. The sample included 12,481 respondents from the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The regional-level response rate was 84%. Fully 7.3% (n = 964) of respondents reported they had been physically abused as a child or adolescent by someone close to them and 4.4% (n = 540) reported they had been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder by a health professional. A significant association between CPA and anxiety disorders was found when controlling for demographic factors, family background, current SES and stressors (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.08). The odds of anxiety disorders declined to non-significance when further statistical adjustments were made for current mood disorders. The findings of this research suggest that the relationship between CPA and anxiety may be largely explained by co-morbid mood disorders.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Transtornos do Humor/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Criança , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Manitoba/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos do Humor/etiologia , Saskatchewan/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Retinoic acid (RA) has broad clinical applications for the treatment of various cancers, particularly acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, RA-based therapy is limited by relapse in patients associated with RA resistance, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. Here, we suggest a new molecular mechanism of RA resistance by a repressor, named RA resistance factor (RaRF). RaRF suppressed transcriptional activity of the RA receptor (RAR) by directly interacting with and sequestering RAR to the nucleolus in response to RA. RaRF was highly expressed in RA-resistant leukemia cells and its expression was strongly correlated with RA sensitivity. MCL1 was upregulated by RA treatment upon RaRF depletion, accompanying leukemic myeloblast differentiation, which is negatively regulated by ectopic RaRF expression. Collectively, we propose that RaRF may be a factor in the resistance mechanism and thus a potential target for leukemia therapy using RA.
Assuntos
Nucléolo Celular/metabolismo , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Proteína de Sequência 1 de Leucemia de Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/metabolismo , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Tretinoína/uso terapêutico , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto , Regulação Leucêmica da Expressão Gênica , Células Precursoras de Granulócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Precursoras de Granulócitos/patologia , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/genética , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/mortalidade , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/patologia , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/genética , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
The phylogenetic relationships between Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina species of Bombycidae, and Antheraea yamamai and Antheraea pernyi species of Saturniidae were investigated based on mtDNA RFLP and cytochrome oxidase I gene. The sizes of the mtDNA of all the species were estimated at approximately 16 kbp +/- 500 bp by total length of all the restricted fragments and no variation in size was recognized. Of the fourteen different restriction endonucleases used, BamHI, HindIII, PstI, EcoRI and XbaI showed RFLP. Among these, only HindIII showed RFLP between B. mori and B. mandarina. A comparative analysis of sequences was also conducted with the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I genes of each species. The results indicated that B. mori shared a 97%, 85% and 87% sequence identity with B. mandarina, A. yamamai and A. pernyi, respectively. B. mandarina shared a 87% and 88% sequence identity with A. yamamai and A. pernyi, respectively. A. yamamai shared 92% sequence identity with A. pernyi. The results of the phylogenetic analysis exhibited monophyly and confidence limits of more than 99% in all trees for both Bombycidae and Saturniidae.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Evolução Molecular , Lepidópteros/genética , Mariposas/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA , Lepidópteros/enzimologia , Mariposas/enzimologia , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de RestriçãoAssuntos
Golfinhos/lesões , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/diagnóstico , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Pele/lesões , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/parasitologiaRESUMO
The phylogenetic relationships between Bombycidae (Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina) and Saturniidae (Antheraea yamamai and Antheraea pernyi) were investigated based on large and small mitochondiral rRNA genes. About 430 bp of four kinds of PCR-amplified fragments were sequenced and aligned. For the 16S rRNA gene, B. mori shared a 98, 87 and 86% sequence homology with B. mandarina, A. yamamai and A. pernyi, and for the 12S rRNA gene, B. mori shared a 99, 89 and 88% sequence homology with B. mandarina, A. yamamai and A. pernyi, respectively. DNA sequence data were also used for a phylogenetic analysis. All of the trees showed monophyly for both Bombycidae and Saturniidae. The monophyly confidence limits of these trees were estimated using bootstrapping tests and measured more than 99% for all trees for both Bombycidae and Saturniidae.