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1.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol ; 26(10): 739-746, 2023 10 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37493179

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Wendan decoction (WDD) has been used as a treatment for depression in China since the Tang Dynasty. However, high-quality evidence for this is lacking. This study proposed a novel synthetic external control method to evaluate its clinical efficacy. METHODS: We searched public databases for clinical trials of WDD for major depression. The rate of change of the Hamilton Depression Scale score from baseline was used as an efficacy indicator, and a model-based meta-analysis was performed to analyze the clinical efficacy of WDD. To establish a reference standard for efficacy, the antidepressant efficacy distributions of a placebo and 19 antidepressants were virtually synthesized based on the same conditions as the clinical trial characteristics of WDD. RESULTS: This study included 5 clinical trials with 177 participants. WDD showed a slow onset, with a time to reach the maximum effect of 9.71 weeks. At 8 weeks, the rate of change in the Hamilton Depression Scale score from baseline was 66.4% (95% CI = 62.3%-70.3%) in the WDD group. The pure effect value of WDD, after deducting the placebo effect, was 26.9% (95%CI = 23.0%-30.9%), which was comparable with 5 types of antidepressants and significantly higher than the others. CONCLUSION: The proposed external synthetic control method provides a solution to the bottleneck problem of clinical efficacy evaluation in real-world research on traditional Chinese medicine. WDD has high clinical development value for the treatment of depression, and large-scale randomized controlled trials are recommended to confirm its antidepressant effect.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Humanos , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico
2.
Retina ; 43(2): 191-199, 2023 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36695790

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of peeled internal limiting membrane reposition and traditional internal limiting membrane peeling for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole. METHODS: This is a randomized, single-center, and double-blinded, pilot, controlled trial. RESULTS: Of the 30 patients enrolled, 27 (13 in Group 1 and 14 in Group 2) were included in the primary analysis (22 women [81.5%]; mean [SD] age, 61.7 [6.8] years). The BCVA was 0.23 ± 0.18 logMAR in the reposition group and 0.44 ± 0.24 logMAR in the peeling group at 6 months postoperatively (P = 0.02). The primary MH closure rate is 86.7% in the reposition group and 93.3% in the peeling group (P = 0.60). The range of the inner retinal dimpling was significantly lower in the reposition group at 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.0001). The thickness of the full parafovea (P = 0.0092), inner parafovea (P = 0.0007), inner perifovea (P = 0.0044), and outer fovea (P = 0.0392) was significantly greater in the reposition group than that in the peeling group at 6 months postoperatively. The sensitivity threshold and mfERG P1 wave amplitude density in rings one, four, and five were higher in the reposition group than in the peeling group at 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the novel technique of peeled internal limiting membrane reposition has advantages over the traditional internal limiting membrane peeling in better microstructural outcomes of inner retina and functional recoveries. Furthermore, larger RCT studies are warranted.


Assuntos
Perfurações Retinianas , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perfurações Retinianas/cirurgia , Projetos Piloto , Resultado do Tratamento , Vitrectomia/métodos , Acuidade Visual , Retina , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Membrana Basal/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
PLoS Pathog ; 15(12): e1008174, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31830143

RESUMO

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy without effective treatment, and caused by the infection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), predominantly in its latent form. Previously we showed that the SUMO2-interacting motif within the viral latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANASIM) is essential for establishment and maintenance of KSHV latency. Here, we developed a luciferase based live-cell reporter system to screen inhibitors selectively targeting the interaction between LANASIM and SUMO2. Cambogin, a bioactive natural product isolated from the Garcinia genus (a traditional herbal medicine used for cancer treatment), was obtained from the reporter system screening to efficiently inhibit the association of SUMO2 with LANASIM, in turn reducing the viral episome DNA copy number for establishment and maintenance of KSHV latent infection at a low concentration (nM). Importantly, Cambogin treatments not only specifically inhibited proliferation of KSHV-latently infected cells in vitro, but also induced regression of PEL tumors in a xenograft mouse model. This study has identified Cambogin as a novel therapeutic agent for treating PEL as well as eliminating persistent infection of oncogenic herpesvirus.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linfoma de Efusão Primária/virologia , Terpenos/farmacologia , Latência Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antígenos Virais/efeitos dos fármacos , Antígenos Virais/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Infecções por Herpesviridae/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Humano 8 , Humanos , Camundongos , Proteínas Nucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Proteínas Modificadoras Pequenas Relacionadas à Ubiquitina/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Modificadoras Pequenas Relacionadas à Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
4.
FASEB J ; 34(6): 7387-7403, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32283574

RESUMO

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common solid tumor worldwide and has shown resistance to several immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint blockade therapy, which is effective in many other types of cancer. Our previous studies indicated that the active fraction of Garcinia yunnanensis (YTE-17), had potent anticancer activities by regulating multiple signaling pathways. However, knowledge regarding the mechanism and effect of YTE-17 in the prevention of CRC is limited. This study tested the effects of YTE-17 on colon cancer development in vivo by using two murine models: the carcigenic azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced CRC model and a genetically induced model using ApcMin/+ mice. Here, the tumor load, tumor number, histology, and even some oncogenes were used to evaluate the effect of YTE-17. The intragastric administration of YTE-17 for 12 weeks significantly decreased CRC incidence, tumor number and size, immunity, and some tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) markers, including CD206, Arg-1, IL-10, and TGF-ß. Importantly, the macrophages depletion by clodronate (CEL) also played a role in reducing the tumor burden and inhibiting tumor development, which were not affected by YTE-17 in the ApcMin/+ mice. Moreover, the YTE-17 treatment attenuated CRC cell growth in a co-culture system in the presence of macrophages. Consistently, YTE-17 effectively reduced the tumor burden and macrophage infiltration and enhanced immunity in the AOM/DSS and ApcMin/+ colon tumor models. Altogether, we demonstrate that macrophages in the microenvironment may contribute to the development and progression of CRC cells and propose YTE-17 as a new potential drug option for the treatment of CRC.


Assuntos
Polaridade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Garcinia/química , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Azoximetano/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/efeitos dos fármacos , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/metabolismo , Colo/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Sulfato de Dextrana/farmacologia , Progressão da Doença , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação de Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Preparações de Plantas/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos
5.
Acta Pharmacol Sin ; 42(2): 199-208, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32759963

RESUMO

Mitophagy is a selective form of autophagy involving the removal of damaged mitochondria via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy is one of the most important mechanisms in cardiovascular disease, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study we conducted an image-based screening in YFP-Parkin HeLa cells to discover new mitophagy regulators from natural xanthone compounds. We found that garciesculenxanthone B (GeB), a new xanthone compound from Garcinia esculenta, induced the formation of YFP-Parkin puncta, a well known mitophagy marker. Furthermore, treatment with GeB dose-dependently promoted the degradation of mitochondrial proteins Tom20, Tim23, and MFN1 in YFP-Parkin HeLa cells and SH-SY5Y cells. We revealed that GeB stabilized PINK1 and triggered Parkin translocation to the impaired mitochondria to induce mitophagy, and these effects were abolished by knockdown of PINK1. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that GeB partially rescued ischemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury in mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the natural compound GeB can promote the PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway, which may be implicated in protection against I/R brain injury.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/prevenção & controle , Garcinia/química , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Xantonas/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Células HeLa , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases/genética , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Xantonas/administração & dosagem , Xantonas/isolamento & purificação
6.
J Nat Prod ; 83(12): 3706-3716, 2020 12 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33296199

RESUMO

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, characterized by recurrent, spontaneous, and transient seizures, and affects more than 70 million people worldwide. Although two dozen antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are approved and available in the market, seizures remain poorly controlled in one-third of epileptic patients who are suffering from drug resistance or various adverse effects. Recently, the xanthone skeleton has been regarded as an attractive scaffold for the discovery and development of emerging anticonvulsants. We had isolated several dihydroxanthone derivatives previously, including oliganthin H, oliganthin I, and oliganthin N, whose structures were similar and delicately elucidated by spectrum analysis or X-ray crystallographic data, from extracts of leaves of Garcinia oligantha. These xanthone analogues were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity, and a novel xanthone, oliganthin H, has been identified as a sound and effective natural inhibitor of convulsions in zebrafish in vivo. A preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis on the relationship between structures of the xanthone analogues and their activities was also conducted. Oliganthin H significantly suppressed convulsant behavior and reduced to about 25% and 50% of PTZ-induced activity, in 12.5 and 25 µM treatment groups (P < 0.01 and 0.001), respectively. Meanwhile, it reduced seizure activity, velocity, seizure duration, and number of bursts in zebrafish larvae (P < 0.05). Pretreatment of oliganthin H significantly restored aberrant induction of gene expressions including npas4a, c-fos, pyya, and bdnf, as well as gabra1, gad1, glsa, and glula, upon PTZ treatment. In addition, in silico analysis revealed the stability of the oliganthin H-GABAA receptor complex and their detailed binding pattern. Therefore, direct interactions with the GABAA receptor and involvement of downstream GABA-glutamate pathways were possible mechanisms of the anticonvulsant action of oliganthin H. Our findings present the anticonvulsant activity of oliganthin H, provide a novel scaffold for further modifications, and highlight the xanthone skeleton as an attractive and reliable resource for the development of emerging AEDs.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Garcinia/química , Xantonas/química , Animais , Anticonvulsivantes/química , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrutura Molecular , Peixe-Zebra/crescimento & desenvolvimento
7.
Acta Pharmacol Sin ; 41(1): 82-92, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31371781

RESUMO

Metastasis causes the main lethality in esophageal cancer patient. Garcinol, a natural compound extracted from Gambogic genera, is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor that has shown anticancer activities such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. In this study, we investigated the effects of garcinol on the metastasis of esophageal cancer in vitro and in vivo. We found that garcinol (5-15 µM) dose-dependently inhibited the migration and invasion of human esophageal cancer cell lines KYSE150 and KYSE450 in wound healing, transwell migration, and Matrigel invasion assays. Furthermore, garcinol treatment dose-dependently decreased the protein levels of p300/CBP (transcriptional cofactors and HATs) and p-Smad2/3 expression in the nucleus, thus impeding tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Knockdown of p300 could inhibit cell metastasis, but CBP knockdown did not affect the cell mobility. It has been reported that TGF-ß1 stimulated the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, which directly interact with p300/CBP in the nucleus, and upregulating HAT activity of p300. We showed that garcinol treatment dose-dependently suppressed TGF-ß1-activated Smad and non-Smad pathway, inhibiting esophageal cancer cell metastasis. In a tail vein injection pulmonary metastasis mouse model, intraperitoneal administration of garcinol (20 mg/kg) or 5-FU (20 mg/kg) significantly decreased the number of lung tumor nodules and the expression levels of Ki-67, p300, and p-Smad2/3 in lung tissues. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that garcinol inhibits esophageal cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo, which might be related to the suppression of p300 and TGF-ß1 signaling pathways, suggesting the therapeutic potential of Garcinol for metastatic tumors.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Proteína p300 Associada a E1A/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamento farmacológico , Garcinia/química , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Terpenos/farmacologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Proteína p300 Associada a E1A/deficiência , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos
8.
Mediators Inflamm ; 2020: 8528901, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33100904

RESUMO

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a great threat to global health, killing more people than any other single infectious agent and causing uncontrollable inflammation in the host. Poorly controlled inflammatory processes can be deleterious and result in immune exhaustion. The current tuberculosis (TB) control is facing the challenge of drugs deficiency, especially in the context of increasingly multidrug resistant (MDR) TB. Under this circumstance, alternative host-directed therapy (HDT) emerges timely which can be exploited to improve the efficacy of TB treatment and disease prognosis by targeting the host. Here, we established the in vitro infection model of Mtb macrophages with H37Ra strain to seek effective anti-TB active agent. The present study showed that Guttiferone K, isolated from Garcinia yunnanensis, could significantly inhibit Mtb-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 and primary peritoneal macrophages. It was evidenced by the decreased production of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Further studies with immunoblotting and immunofluorescence revealed that Guttiferone K obviously inhibits the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) both in RAW264.7 and primary peritoneal macrophages relying on the TLR/IRAK-1 pathway. Guttiferone K could also suppress the NLRP3 inflammasome activity and induce autophagy by inhibiting the protein kinase B (p-Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation at Ser473 and Ser2448 in both cell lines. Thus, Guttiferone K possesses significant anti-inflammatory effect, alleviating Mtb-induced inflammation with an underlying mechanism that targeting on the TLR/IRAK-1 pathway and inhibiting the downstream NF-κB and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Together, Guttiferone K can be an anti-inflammatory agent candidate for the design of new adjunct HDT drugs fighting against tuberculosis.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Benzofenonas/uso terapêutico , Quinases Associadas a Receptores de Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/patogenicidade , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Animais , Western Blotting , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Imunoprecipitação , Camundongos , Células RAW 264.7
9.
Pharmacol Res ; 147: 104328, 2019 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31288080

RESUMO

A global transcriptional regulator, MgrA, was previously identified as a key determinant of virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. An 80% EtOH extract of Uncaria gambier was found to attenuate the virulence of S. aureus via its effects on MgrA. Using bioassay-guided fractionation, a polyphenolic polymer, uncariitannin, was found to be the main bioactive constituent of the extract, and its structure was characterized using spectral and chemical analysis. The molecular weight and polydispersity of uncariitannin were determined by gel permeation chromatography-refractive index-light scattering analysis. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that uncariitannin could effectively inhibit the interaction of MgrA with DNA in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with uncariitannin could decrease the mRNA and protein levels of Hla in both the S. aureus Newman and USA300 LAC strains. Further analysis of Hla expression levels in the Newman ΔmgrA and Newman ΔmgrA/pYJ335-mgrA strains indicated that uncariitannin altered Hla expression primarily in an MgrA-dependent manner. A mouse model of infection indicated that uncariitannin could attenuate MRSA virulence. In conclusion, uncariitannin may be a potential candidate for further development as an antivirulence agent for the treatment of S. aureus infection.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Polímeros , Polifenóis , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Uncaria , Virulência/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Feminino , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Proteínas Hemolisinas/metabolismo , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Miocárdio/patologia , Polímeros/farmacologia , Polímeros/uso terapêutico , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Polifenóis/uso terapêutico , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/patologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/patologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade
10.
Bioorg Chem ; 82: 274-283, 2019 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30396061

RESUMO

Four pairs of previously undescribed caged xanthones (1-4) and twelve known caged xanthones (5-16) were isolated from the leaf extract of Garcinia bracteata. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The planar structure and relative configuration of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The enantiomers of compounds 1, 2, 4 were further resolved by semi-preparative chiral HPLC, and the absolute configurations of enantiomers of compounds 1 and 4 were determined by measurement and calculation of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and specific rotations. The inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds against human HeLa, A549, PC-3, HT-29, and WPMY-1 cell lines were assayed, and garcibractatin A (4) showed the most potent inhibitory activities in vitro with IC50 values from 1.11 to 2.93 µM. A preliminary structure-activity relationship has been discussed, and some helpful conclusions have been drawn.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Garcinia/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Xantonas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Xantonas/química , Xantonas/isolamento & purificação
11.
Acta Pharmacol Sin ; 40(7): 929-937, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30333555

RESUMO

Lysosomes are the terminal organelles of the autophagic-endocytic pathway and play a key role in the degradation of autophagic contents. We previously reported that a natural compound oblongifolin C (OC) increased the number of autophagosomes and impaired the degradation of P62, most likely via suppression of lysosomal function and blockage of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. However, the precise mechanisms of how OC inhibits the lysosome-autophagy pathway remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of OC on transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, lysosomal function and autophagy. We showed that treatment with OC (15 µM) markedly enhanced the nuclear translocation of TFEB in HeLa cells, concomitantly reduced the interaction of TFEB with 14-3-3 proteins. We further demonstrated that OC caused significant inhibition of mTORC1 along with TFEB nuclear translocation, and OC-mediated TFEB nuclear translocation was dependent on mTORC1 suppression. Intriguingly, this increased nuclear TFEB was accompanied by reduced TFEB luciferase activity, increased lysosomal pH and impaired cathepsin enzyme activities. In HeLa cells, treatment with OC (7.5 µM) resulted in about 30% of cell death, whereas treatment with hydroxycitrate, a caloric restriction mimetic (20 µM) did not affect the cell viability. However, cotreatment with OC and hydroxycitrate caused significantly great cytotoxicity (>50%). Taken together, these results demonstrate that inhibition of lysosome function is mediated by OC, despite evident TFEB nuclear translocation.


Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina e Hélice-Alça-Hélix Básicos/metabolismo , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Transporte Proteico/efeitos dos fármacos , Terpenos/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Autofagossomos/metabolismo , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Citratos/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Garcinia/química , Células HeLa , Humanos , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 1 de Rapamicina/metabolismo , Camundongos , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação
12.
Planta Med ; 85(6): 444-452, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30650454

RESUMO

Six new prenylated xanthones (1: -6: ) and seventeen known xanthones were isolated from extracts of Garcinia bracteata leaves. Their structures were determined by extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic data analysis. The inhibitory activities of the isolates were assayed on HeLa, A549, PC-3, HT-29, and WPMY-1 cell lines. Compounds 1: and 15: -17: showed moderate inhibitory effects on tumor cell growth, with IC50s ranging from 3.7 to 14.7 µM.


Assuntos
Citotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Garcinia/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Xantonas/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , Células HeLa/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Células PC-3/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Xantonas/farmacologia
13.
J Nat Prod ; 81(11): 2582-2589, 2018 11 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30394090

RESUMO

The asymmetric total synthesis of five decarbonyl polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols norsampsnes A (3) and B (4), garcinielliptones O (5) and N (6), and hyperscabrin A (7) is described. The synthesis to construct the core substituted cyclohexanone ring of these natural products was achieved by a key Dieckmann condensation. The chirality of the molecules was introduced by the stereoselective alkylation with Evans' oxazolidinones. The synthesis could be run on grams scale, and the Dieckmann condensation was investigated through the DFT calculations to help improve the yield of garcinielliptone O (5). Determination of the absolute configuration of garcinielliptones O (5) and N (6) was also achieved.


Assuntos
Floroglucinol/análogos & derivados , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/síntese química , Triterpenos/síntese química , Alquilação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Floroglucinol/síntese química , Floroglucinol/química , Floroglucinol/farmacologia , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/química , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/farmacologia , Análise Espectral/métodos , Estereoisomerismo , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/farmacologia
14.
Acta Pharmacol Sin ; 38(2): 252-263, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27840412

RESUMO

Oblongifolin C (OC) and guttiferone K (GUTK) are two anticancer compounds extracted from Garcinia yunnanensis Hu, but they act by different mechanisms. In this study we investigated whether a combination of OC and GUTK (1:1 molar ratio) could produce synergistic anticancer effects against human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. For comparison, we also examined the anticancer efficacy of ethanol extracts from G yunnanensis fruit, which contain OC and GUTK up to 5%. Compared to OC and GUTK alone, the combination of OC and GUTK as well as the ethanol extracts more potently inhibited the cancer cell growth with IC50 values of 3.4 µmol/L and 3.85 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, OC and GUTK displayed synergistic inhibition on HCT116 cells: co-treatment with OC and GUTK induced more prominent apoptosis than treatment with either drug alone. Moreover, the combination of OC and GUTK markedly increased cleavage of casapse-3 and PARP, and enhanced cellular ROS production and increased JNK protein phosphorylation. In addition, the combination of OC and GUTK exerted stronger effects under nutrient-deprived conditions than in complete medium, suggesting that autophagy played an essential role in regulating OC- and GUTK-mediated cell death. OC and GUTK are the main components that contribute to the anticancer activity of G yunnanensis and the compounds have apoptosis-inducing effects in HCT116 cells in vitro.


Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzofenonas/farmacologia , Garcinia/química , Terpenos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Benzofenonas/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Frutas/química , Humanos , Proteínas Quinases JNK Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação
15.
Molecules ; 22(4)2017 Mar 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28333096

RESUMO

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized and applied for the selective extraction of oblongifolin C (OC) from fruit extracts of Garcinia yunnanensis Hu. A series of experiments and computational approaches were employed to improve the efficiency of screening for optimal MIP systems in the study. The molar ratio (1:4) was eventually chosen based on the comparison of the binding energy of the complexes between the template (OC) and the functional monomers using density functional theory (DFT) at the RI-PBE-D3-gCP/def2-TZVP level of theory. The binding characterization and the molecular recognition mechanism of MIPs were further explained using the molecular modeling method along with NMR and IR spectra data. The reusability of this approach was demonstrated in over 20 batch rebinding experiments. A mass of 140.5 mg of OC (>95% purity) was obtained from the 5 g extracts, with 2 g of MIPs with the best binding properties, through a gradient elution program from 35% to 70% methanol-water solution. At the same time, another structural analog, 46.5 mg of guttiferone K (GK) (>88% purity), was also obtained by the gradient elution procedure. Our results showed that the structural analogs could be separated from the crude extracts by the molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) using a gradient elution procedure for the first time.


Assuntos
Polímeros/síntese química , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação , Garcinia/química , Impressão Molecular/métodos , Estrutura Molecular , Polímeros/química , Solventes/química , Terpenos/química
16.
Bioorg Med Chem ; 24(18): 4120-4128, 2016 09 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27396929

RESUMO

Oblongifolin C, one of the polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinol natural products (PPAPs) isolated from the fruits of Garcinia yunnanensis Hu, was recently discovered to be a potent anti-tumor agent. A collection of 12 derivatives with modifications on the benzophenone moieties were synthesized and tested for c-Met kinase inhibition and cytotoxicity against the HepG2, Miapaca-2, HCC827, Hela, A549, AGS, and HT-29 cell lines in vitro. An oxidized derivative, 10, was found to possess strong inhibition and anti-migration properties in the HCC827 cell line and serves as a potential lead compound for the development of new anticancer drugs. In addition, structure-activity relationships (SAR) were also evaluated to provide key information for future anticancer drug development.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/antagonistas & inibidores , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/síntese química , Benzofenonas/síntese química , Benzofenonas/química , Benzofenonas/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Garcinia/química , Células HT29 , Células HeLa , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Terpenos/síntese química
17.
J Nat Prod ; 79(7): 1752-61, 2016 07 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27329938

RESUMO

Four new dihydroxanthone derivatives (1-4), four new tetrahydroxanthone derivatives (5-8), two new xanthone derivatives (9 and 10), and two known caged tetrahydroxanthones were isolated from extracts of the leaves of Garcinia oligantha by bioassay-guided fractionation. These structures of the new compounds were elucidated by NMR and MS spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 5-7 were determined by electronic circular dichroism and/or single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 6-9 were shown to be unusual xanthone derivatives with an isopropyl group, which was confirmed by the X-ray crystallographic structure of compound 8. The inhibitory activities of these isolates against four human tumor cell lines (A549, HepG2, HT-29, and PC-3) were assayed, and compounds 1, 2, 5, 11, and 12 showed inhibitory effects on tumor cell growth, with IC50 values ranging from 2.1 to 8.6 µM.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificação , Garcinia/química , Xantonas/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Cristalografia por Raios X , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Células HT29 , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Floroglucinol/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Prenilação , Xantonas/química , Xantonas/farmacologia
18.
J Sep Sci ; 39(3): 559-65, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26608681

RESUMO

An efficient method for the preparative separation of four structurally similar caged xanthones from the crude extracts of gamboge was established, which involves the combination of pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography and conventional high-speed counter-current chromatography for the first time. pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography was performed with the solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (7:3:8:2, v/v/v/v), where 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid was added to the upper organic stationary phase as a retainer and 0.03% triethylamine was added to the aqueous mobile phase as an eluter. From 3.157 g of the crude extract, 1.134 g of gambogic acid, 180.5 mg of gambogenic acid and 572.9 mg of a mixture of two other caged polyprenylated xanthones were obtained. The mixture was further separated by conventional high-speed counter-current chromatography with a solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5:5:10:5, v/v/v/v) and n-hexane/methyl tert-butyl ether/acetonitrile/water (8:2:6:4,v/v/v/v), yielding 11.6 mg of isogambogenic acid and 10.4 mg of ß-morellic acid from 218.0 mg of the mixture, respectively. The purities of all four of the compounds were over 95%, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the chemical structures of the four compounds were confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The combinative application of pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography and conventional high-speed counter-current chromatography shows great advantages in isolating and enriching the caged polyprenylated xanthones.


Assuntos
Distribuição Contracorrente/métodos , Garcinia/química , Xantonas/isolamento & purificação , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Extratos Vegetais/química
19.
Molecules ; 21(10)2016 Oct 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27754347

RESUMO

Nujiangexathone A (NJXA), a novel compound derived from Garcinia nujiangensis, has been demonstrated to inhibit the proliferation of several human cancer cell lines. This study is the first to demonstrate the apoptosis inductive activities of NJXA and the possible underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that NJXA inhibited colony formation by HeLa and SiHa cells in a dose-dependent manner. An Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay showed that NJXA strongly triggered apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting analyses showed that NJXA induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis of HeLa and SiHa cells by triggering a series of events, including changes in the levels of Bcl-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and chromosome fragmentation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NJXA induced cell apoptosis by activating the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated JNK signaling pathway. Consistent with this finding, a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC, 10 mM), hindered NJXA-induced apoptosis and attenuated the sensitivity of HeLa and SiHa cells to NJXA. In vivo results further confirmed that the tumor inhibitory effect of NJXA was partially through the induction of apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrated that NJXA induced the apoptosis of HeLa and SiHa cells through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway, indicating that NJXA could be important candidate for the clinical treatment of cervical cancer.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Caspases/metabolismo , Garcinia/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HeLa , Humanos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
20.
BMC Cancer ; 15: 254, 2015 Apr 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25885018

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In a cytotoxicity screen in serum-free medium, Guttiferone F showed strong growth inhibitory effect against prostate cancer cells. METHODS: Prostate cancer cells LNCaP and PC3 were treated with Guttiferone F in serum depleted medium. Sub-G1 phase distributions were estimated with flow cytometry. Mitochondrial disruption was observed under confocal microscope using Mitotracker Red staining. Gene and protein expression changes were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Ca(2+) elevation was examined by Fluo-4 staining under fluorescence microscope. PC3 xenografts in mice were examined by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Guttiferone F had strong growth inhibitory effect against prostate cancer cell lines under serum starvation. It induced a significant increase in sub-G1 fraction and DNA fragmentation. In serum-free medium, Guttiferone F triggered mitochondria dependent apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2 family proteins. In addition, Guttiferone F attenuated the androgen receptor expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, while activating the phosphorylation of JNK and Ca(2+) flux. Combination of caloric restriction with Guttiferone F in vivo could increase the antitumor effect without causing toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Guttiferone F induced prostate cancer cell apoptosis under serum starvation via Ca(2+) elevation and JNK activation. Combined with caloric restriction, Guttiferone F exerted significant growth inhibition of PC3 cells xenograft in vivo. Guttiferone F is therefore a potential anti-cancer compound.


Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzofenonas/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Restrição Calórica , Proteínas Quinases JNK Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Benzofenonas/administração & dosagem , Benzofenonas/química , Produtos Biológicos/administração & dosagem , Produtos Biológicos/química , Caspases/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Citosol/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
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