MiR-33a-5p targets NOMO1 to modulate human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation and apoptosis.

PURPOSE: MicroRNA (miRNA) is known to be involved in the pathological process of congenital heart disease (CHD), and nodal modulator1 (NOMO1) is a critical determinant of heart formation. The present study aims to discover the effect of miR-33a-5p and NOMO1 on CHD. METHODS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect expressions of miR-33a-5p mimic or inhibitor and overexpressed NOMO1 plasmid orNOMO1 knockdown. Human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells (hCMPCs) proliferation was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) at 24, 48 and 72 h. Flow cytometry was applied to investigate hCMPCs cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Expressions of cell apoptotic proteins Bax, Cleaved(C) caspase-3 and Bcl-2, and expressions of cardiomyocyte differentiation markers GATA4, troponin T (cTnT) and myocyte enhancer factor2C (MEF2C) in hCMPCs were identified by qRT-PCR and western blot. Target genes and potential binding sites of NOMO1 and miR-33a-5p were predicted with Targetscan 7.2, and was confirmed through dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: Up-regulation of miR-33a-5p inhibited hCMPCs proliferation, cell cycle G0/S transition but promoted hCMPCs apoptosis, which was partially mitigated by overexpressed NOMO1. NOMO1 was the target gene of miR-33a-5p. Expressions of Bax and C caspase-3 were enhanced but expressions of Bcl-2, GATA4, cTnT and MEF2C were reduced by up-regulation of miR-33a-5p, which was partially mitigated by overexpressed NOMO1. CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of miR-33a-5p inhibited hCMPCs proliferation, cell cycle G0/S transition and differentiation into cardiomyocytes but promoted apoptosis via targeting NOMO1.

Optical properties of chain inverted pyramids on silicon.

Pyramidal structures, including upright pyramids and inverted pyramids (IPs), are commonly used as light-trapping structures for silicon solar cells and silicon photodetectors. In this paper, the possible ray propagation paths in a pyramidal structure are analyzed by establishing a mathematical model in which up to seven ray paths may exist either in a regular or random pyramidal structure. To reduce the reflectivity, the proportion of the quadruple bounce should be increased because of its lower reflectivity. Therefore, a chain IP structure with a quadruple bounce proportion of 10.33% is proposed, of which the overlap value $\Delta x/w$Δx/w is 0.4. According to theoretical ray-tracing calculations, the weighted average reflectivity is reduced by 0.75% compared to that of a random IP structure. Experimentally, chain IP structures are fabricated from the surface line damage produced by the diamond wire sawing of a silicon wafer as a mask, and the reflectivity of the structures is 0.80% lower than that of a random IP structure. The theoretical analysis and experimental results both show that the chain IP structure has better optical properties than the random IP structure, indicating promising prospects for the abovementioned applications.

Case report: Right coronary artery rupture-A rare complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

An 8-month-old female experienced a life-threatening right coronary artery rupture resulting from cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 1 week after corrective surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Emergency exploratory thoracotomy was performed due to uncorrectable hemorrhagic shock. During exploration, active bleeding was detected in the anterior branch of the right ventricular coronary artery. After the repair, the patient's condition improved. Coronary artery rupture is an extremely rare complication of CPR. Here, we present a case that provides new reflections and warnings to clinicians.

Circ_0001206 regulates miR-665/CRKL axis to alleviate hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte injury in myocardial infarction.

AIMS: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a type of cardiovascular disease caused by myocardial necrosis. Growing evidences have suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injury of MI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hypoxia/reoxygenation model of H9C2 cells was established and circ_0001206 expression was detected via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Ribonuclease R (RNase R) and Actinomycin D (Act D) assays verified the stability. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), western blot, TUNEL, and flow cytometry assays evaluated cell viability and cell apoptosis. RNA pull-down, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and luciferase reporter assays explored the mechanisms underlying MI. All experimental data were presented with mean ± standard deviation (SD) and P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Circ_0001206 was low-expressed in H9C2 cells under H/R treatment. Circ_0001206 was formed by cyclization of CRK like proto-oncogene, adaptor protein (CRKL). Circ_0001206 overexpression promoted cell viability and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis. It was confirmed that circ_0001206 regulated CRKL expression via acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of microRNA-665 (miR-665). CRKL played a protective role in MI. CONCLUSIONS: Circ_0001206 regulates miR-665/CRKL axis to alleviate H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury in MI. Our findings suggest that circ_0001206 might be a potential target for MI treatment.

Effects of protocatechuic acid on ameliorating lipid profiles and cardio-protection against coronary artery disease in high fat and fructose diet fed in rats.

A coronary heart disease leads to increase in obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuro protective activities was found efficient as cardio-protective in coronary heart disease. Our study investigated hypolipidemic and cardioprotective effects of protocatechuic acid in the coronary artery disease induced by high fat and fructose diet (HFD) rat models. A diet rich in fat and fructose was fed to male Wistar rats prior to the start of experimental procedures. Serum lipid levels and hepatic triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were examined and analyzed. Both in vitro an in vivo pancreatic lipase activity was determined as well. Histopathological examination was performed and their results were noted. Noteworthy reduction of serum lipid levels and hepatic TG and TC levels was seen in groups treated with simvastatin (SIM; 20 mg/kg) and PCA (50 and 100 mg/kg) in comparison to HFD groups. Pancreatic lipase activity was reduced in the SIM group and the group treated with doses of PCA (50 and 100 mg/kg). A marked increase in gain in body weight per week (P<0.05) was achieved in HFD group. Coronary risk index (CRI) and Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) showed decreased index values after treatments with SIM and PCA (50 and 100 mg/kg), respectively. Our findings confirmed the efficacious cardio-protective and hypolipidaemic activities of protocatechuic acid in coronary artery disease induced in rats with fat and fructose rich diet.

Effect of sustained inflations and intermittent positive pressure ventilation on bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death among neonatal: A protocol for systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Sustained Inflations (SI) and Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV) are two interventions to prevent Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of this study is to assess the effect of these two interventions. METHODS: The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) will be comprehensively searched from inception to September 2019. All RCTs and quasi-RCTs which compare the efficacy of SI vs IPPV among preterm infants are eligible. We will assess the methodological quality using the Cochrane Handbook version 5.1.0. A meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan 5.3 software and the results will be presented using risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide strong evidence for assessing the effect of SI and IPPV on BPD or death among preterm infants. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019135816.

Optimal timing for early surgery in infective endocarditis: a meta-analysis.

To systematically review early surgery and the optimal timing of surgery in patients with infective endocarditis (IE), a search for foreign and domestic articles on cohort studies about the association between early surgery and infective endocarditis published from inception to January 2015 was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM), Wanfang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were extracted and the quality of the method of the included studies was assessed. Then, the meta-analysis was performed using the Stata 12.0 software. Sixteen cohort studies, including 8141 participants were finally included. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that, compared with non-early surgery, early surgery in IE lowers the incidence of in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.42, 0.77); P = 0.000, I(2) = 73.1%] and long-term mortality [OR = 0.57, 95% CI (0.43, 0.77); P = 0.001, I(2) = 67.4%]. Further, performing operation within 2 weeks had a more favourable effect on long-term mortality [OR = 0.63, 95% CI (0.41, 0.97); P = 0.192, I(2) = 39.4%] than non-early surgery. In different kinds of IE, we found that early surgery for native valve endocarditis (NVE) had a lower in-hospital [OR = 0.46, 95% CI (0.31, 0.69); P = 0.001, I(2) = 73.0%] and long-term [OR = 0.57, 95% CI (0.40, 0.81); P = 0.001, I(2) = 68.9%] mortality than the non-early surgery group. However, for prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly [OR = 0.83, 95% CI (0.65, 1.06); P = 0.413, I(2) = 0.0%] between early and non-early surgery. We concluded that early surgery was associated with lower in-hospital and long-term mortality compared with non-early surgical treatment for IE, especially in NVE. However, the optimal timing of surgery remains unclear. Additional larger prospective clinical trials will be required to clarify the optimal timing for surgical intervention and determine its efficacy in PVE.

Clinical value of Tei index in pediatric patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

PURPOSE: Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart disease characterized by underdevelopment of the right ventricular infundibulum. Present study aimed to explore the clinic value of Tei index in assessing right ventricular function of pediatric patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. METHODS: A total of 45 pediatric patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot were recruited and classified into: group A (Tei index <0.5; n=13, aging 2-12 years), group B (0.5< Tei index <0.7; n=19, aging 1-14 years), and group C (Tei index >0.7; n=13, aging 4-14 years). The right ventricular Tei index value was related to the clinical characteristics of Tetralogy of Fallot repair patients. RESULTS: Right ventricular Tei index was positively correlated with ventilation time, drainage volumes, and negatively with drug assistance and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, although time for drug assistance and ICU stay were not statically different between group B and group C. There was no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction. CONCLUSION: Tei index is a sensitive indicator of right ventricular dysfunction, and has important clinical value to better our understanding of right ventricular function after tetralogy of Fallot repair.