RESUMO
Brucea javanica oil emulsion (BJOE) is a compound Chinese medicine used for treating various cancers, such as lung cancer. However, the exact mechanism of its antilung cancer active ingredient remains unclear. This study aims to explore and validate the effective active ingredients and mechanism of action of BJOE in the treatment of lung cancer through network pharmacology, molecular docking technology, and cell experiments. The results showed that there were 13 active ingredients, 136 target genes, and 42 disease target-coexpressed genes in BJOE. The molecular docking results indicated that the main active components of the oil emulsion, YD1 (ß-sitosterol), YD2 (luteolin), and YD3 (bruceitol), could stably bind to TP53 and MAPK1. Furthermore, the commercially available ß-sitosterol luteolin was used as a representative compound to conduct cell experiments to verify its anticancer activity and mechanism. It was found that luteolin can inhibit the proliferation better than ß-sitosterol and the activity of lung cancer cells by regulating the expression of related proteins through the P53/MAPK1 signaling pathway. This study combines network pharmacology prediction with experiments to demonstrate the "multicomponent, multitarget, multipathway" approach of B. javanica oil emulsion in treating lung cancer.
RESUMO
Background and Objective: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a dynamic, selective shield, safeguarding the central nervous system (CNS) by separating the brain from circulating blood, preserving its microenvironment, and ensuring stability. However, in the presence of brain pathology, drug delivery across the BBB and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) becomes challenging, hindering effective treatments. Borneol exhibits promise in bidirectionally modulating the BBB under pathological conditions, suggesting at potential clinical applications for related diseases. Our primary goal in this review is to investigate borneol's potential clinical utility in bidirectionally regulating the BBB under pathological conditions. Methods: The PubMed database, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang Data were searched to retrieve articles on animal experiments and cell-based research published from January 1, 2003, to May 1, 2023, using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: borneol, blood-brain barrier, ischemic stroke, cerebral gliomas, anti-inflammatory. The search was limited to articles published in English and Chinese. In total, 86 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion in this study. Key Content and Findings: The breakdown of the BBB is a key pathological process in ischemic stroke and cerebral glioma. When used alone, the lipophilic properties of borneol can reduce the permeability of the BBB and restore its normal function, thereby repairing brain damage and protecting brain tissue. Its specific protective effects may be related to inflammatory regulation mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory and protective effects of borneol can be used to improve and treat lesions caused by ischemic stroke and cerebral glioma. Furthermore, when combined with other drugs, borneol can accelerate the opening of the BBB, improve permeability through physiological processes, and enhance drug penetration and distribution in the brain without causing pathological damage to the brain. Conclusions: This review summarizes the mechanisms by which borneol regulates the BBB and BTB in ischemic stroke and cerebral glioma, and discusses the potential clinical applications of borneol in the treatment of these diseases. It is believed that in the future, as research methods are refined, more effective and targeted therapies for cerebral glioma and ischemic stroke will be explored related to the protective mechanism of the BBB under pathological conditions with borneol alone or in combination with other drugs.