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1.
Cell ; 174(3): 505-520, 2018 07 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30053424

RESUMO

Although gene discovery in neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and Tourette disorder, has accelerated, resulting in a large number of molecular clues, it has proven difficult to generate specific hypotheses without the corresponding datasets at the protein complex and functional pathway level. Here, we describe one path forward-an initiative aimed at mapping the physical and genetic interaction networks of these conditions and then using these maps to connect the genomic data to neurobiology and, ultimately, the clinic. These efforts will include a team of geneticists, structural biologists, neurobiologists, systems biologists, and clinicians, leveraging a wide array of experimental approaches and creating a collaborative infrastructure necessary for long-term investigation. This initiative will ultimately intersect with parallel studies that focus on other diseases, as there is a significant overlap with genes implicated in cancer, infectious disease, and congenital heart defects.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/genética , Biologia de Sistemas/métodos , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Genômica/métodos , Humanos , Neurobiologia/métodos , Neuropsiquiatria
2.
Nature ; 525(7570): 523-7, 2015 Sep 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26399832

RESUMO

Metazoan development depends on the accurate execution of differentiation programs that allow pluripotent stem cells to adopt specific fates. Differentiation requires changes to chromatin architecture and transcriptional networks, yet whether other regulatory events support cell-fate determination is less well understood. Here we identify the ubiquitin ligase CUL3 in complex with its vertebrate-specific substrate adaptor KBTBD8 (CUL3(KBTBD8)) as an essential regulator of human and Xenopus tropicalis neural crest specification. CUL3(KBTBD8) monoubiquitylates NOLC1 and its paralogue TCOF1, the mutation of which underlies the neurocristopathy Treacher Collins syndrome. Ubiquitylation drives formation of a TCOF1-NOLC1 platform that connects RNA polymerase I with ribosome modification enzymes and remodels the translational program of differentiating cells in favour of neural crest specification. We conclude that ubiquitin-dependent regulation of translation is an important feature of cell-fate determination.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Crista Neural/citologia , Crista Neural/metabolismo , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Proteínas Culina/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/citologia , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/metabolismo , Humanos , Disostose Mandibulofacial/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Proteômica , RNA Polimerase I/metabolismo , Ribossomos/química , Ribossomos/metabolismo , Ubiquitinação , Xenopus
3.
bioRxiv ; 2024 Jul 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39131273

RESUMO

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly co-occurs with congenital heart disease (CHD), but the molecular mechanisms underlying this comorbidity remain unknown. Given that children with CHD come to clinical attention by the newborn period, understanding which CHD variants carry ASD risk could provide an opportunity to identify and treat individuals at high risk for developing ASD far before the typical age of diagnosis. Therefore, it is critical to delineate the subset of CHD genes most likely to increase the risk of ASD. However, to date there is relatively limited overlap between high confidence ASD and CHD genes, suggesting that alternative strategies for prioritizing CHD genes are necessary. Recent studies have shown that ASD gene perturbations commonly dysregulate neural progenitor cell (NPC) biology. Thus, we hypothesized that CHD genes that disrupt neurogenesis are more likely to carry risk for ASD. Hence, we performed an in vitro pooled CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screen to identify CHD genes that disrupt NPC biology similarly to ASD genes. Overall, we identified 45 CHD genes that strongly impact proliferation and/or survival of NPCs. Moreover, we observed that a cluster of physically interacting ASD and CHD genes are enriched for ciliary biology. Studying seven of these genes with evidence of shared risk (CEP290, CHD4, KMT2E, NSD1, OFD1, RFX3, TAOK1), we observe that perturbation significantly impacts primary cilia formation in vitro. While in vivo investigation of TAOK1 reveals a previously unappreciated role for the gene in motile cilia formation and heart development, supporting its prediction as a CHD risk gene. Together, our findings highlight a set of CHD risk genes that may carry risk for ASD and underscore the role of cilia in shared ASD and CHD biology.

4.
bioRxiv ; 2024 Jan 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38187634

RESUMO

Recent studies have identified over one hundred high-confidence (hc) autism spectrum disorder (ASD) genes. Systems biological and functional analyses on smaller subsets of these genes have consistently implicated excitatory neurogenesis. However, the extent to which the broader set of hcASD genes are involved in this process has not been explored systematically nor have the biological pathways underlying this convergence been identified. Here, we leveraged CROP-Seq to repress 87 hcASD genes in a human in vitro model of cortical neurogenesis. We identified 17 hcASD genes whose repression significantly alters developmental trajectory and results in a common cellular state characterized by disruptions in proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle, microtubule biology, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). We also characterized over 3,000 differentially expressed genes, 286 of which had expression profiles correlated with changes in developmental trajectory. Overall, we uncovered transcriptional disruptions downstream of hcASD gene perturbations, correlated these disruptions with distinct differentiation phenotypes, and reinforced neurogenesis, microtubule biology, and RBPs as convergent points of disruption in ASD.

5.
Neuron ; 109(5): 788-804.e8, 2021 03 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33497602

RESUMO

Gene Ontology analyses of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) risk genes have repeatedly highlighted synaptic function and transcriptional regulation as key points of convergence. However, these analyses rely on incomplete knowledge of gene function across brain development. Here we leverage Xenopus tropicalis to study in vivo ten genes with the strongest statistical evidence for association with ASD. All genes are expressed in developing telencephalon at time points mapping to human mid-prenatal development, and mutations lead to an increase in the ratio of neural progenitor cells to maturing neurons, supporting previous in silico systems biological findings implicating cortical neurons in ASD vulnerability, but expanding the range of convergent functions to include neurogenesis. Systematic chemical screening identifies that estrogen, via Sonic hedgehog signaling, rescues this convergent phenotype in Xenopus and human models of brain development, suggesting a resilience factor that may mitigate a range of ASD genetic risks.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/fisiopatologia , Córtex Cerebral/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estrogênios/fisiologia , Neurogênese , Animais , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/patologia , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Estrogênios/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Transdução de Sinais , Xenopus
6.
Elife ; 72018 07 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29999490

RESUMO

Metazoan development depends on tightly regulated gene expression programs that instruct progenitor cells to adopt specialized fates. Recent work found that posttranslational modifications, such as monoubiquitylation, can determine cell fate also independently of effects on transcription, yet how monoubiquitylation is implemented during development is poorly understood. Here, we have identified a regulatory circuit that controls monoubiquitylation-dependent neural crest specification by the E3 ligase CUL3 and its substrate adaptor KBTBD8. We found that CUL3KBTBD8 monoubiquitylates its essential targets only after these have been phosphorylated in multiple motifs by CK2, a kinase whose levels gradually increase during embryogenesis. Its dependency on multisite phosphorylation allows CUL3KBTBD8 to convert the slow rise in embryonic CK2 into decisive recognition of ubiquitylation substrates, which in turn is essential for neural crest specification. We conclude that multisite dependency of an E3 ligase provides a powerful mechanism for switch-like cell fate transitions controlled by monoubiquitylation.


Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Proteínas Culina/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Humanas/fisiologia , Ubiquitinação , Caseína Quinase II/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Fosforilação , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional
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