Quantitative myocardial perfusion with stress dual-energy CT: iodine concentration differences between normal and ischemic or necrotic myocardium. Initial experience.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the quantification of iodine with stress dual-energy computed tomography (DECT-S) allows for the discrimination between a normal and an ischemic or necrotic myocardium using magnetic resonance (MR) as a reference. METHODS: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, with waiver of informed consent. Thirty-six cardiac MR and DECT-S images from patients with suspected coronary artery disease were evaluated. Perfusion defects were visually determined, and myocardial iodine concentration was calculated by two observers using DECT colour-coded iodine maps. Iodine concentration differences were calculated using parametric tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to estimate the optimal iodine concentration threshold for discriminating pathologic myocardium. RESULTS: In total, 576 cardiac segments were evaluated. There were differences in mean iodine concentration (p < 0.001) between normal (2.56 ± 0.66 mg/mL), ischemic (1.98 ± 0.36 mg/dL) and infarcted segments (1.35 ± 0.57 mg/mL). A myocardium iodine concentration of 2.1 mg/mL represented the optimal threshold to discriminate between normal and pathologic myocardium (sensitivity 75 %, specificity 73.6 %, area under the curve 0.806). Excellent agreement was found in measured myocardium iodine concentration (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.814). CONCLUSION: Cardiac DECT-S with iodine quantification may be useful to differentiate healthy and ischemic or necrotic myocardium. KEY POINTS: • DECT-S allows for determination of myocardial iodine concentration as a quantitative perfusion parameter. • A high interobserver correlation exists in measuring myocardial iodine concentration with DECT-S. • Myocardial iodine concentration may be useful in the assessment of patients with CAD.

Benign soft-tissue lesions of the fingers: radiopathological correlation and clinical considerations.

Soft-tissue lesions of the fingers are commonly found in daily clinical practice. A wide range of tumors and pseudotumors have been described in this location, and the majority of them are benign. Ganglion cysts are the most common entity, and the localized type of tenosynovial giant cell tumors are the most frequent solid condition. Both may be easily recognized owing to their typical clinical and radiological characteristics. However, categorization of the spectrum of soft-tissue lesions of the fingers remains limited, despite imaging development, and many patients undergo surgery before radiological or histological diagnosis. Clinical history, radiographic features, and ultrasound and magnetic resonance patterns may help in obtaining the correct diagnosis or reducing the list of differential diagnoses. Radiologists should be familiar with imaging findings so that they can determine the size, extension, and affected neighboring anatomical structures, and provide information that allows adequate presurgical counseling.

[Extraperitoneal bladder rupture coinciding with bone fragments: the case for surgical treatment]. / Rotura vesical extraperitoneal coincidiendo con esquirlas óseas: necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico.

INTRODUCTION: In closed traumatic bladder ruptures, a surgical treatment of the intraperitoneal rupture, and a conservative approach to the extraperitoneal one, with bladder catheter, antibiotics and confirmation of bladder wound closure after two to three weeks-, was recommended. Only recently, attention was paid to the importance of the presence of bone fragments of the pelvic fractures, that in the vecinity of a bladder catheter or urinary infection may give raise to either severe pelvic infection or permanent urinary fistula. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The two cases of extraperitoneal bladder rupture here presented, demonstrate the difficulties of a secure diagnosis by CT, and the potential severity of the existence of bone fragments impronting the bladder disruption. COMMENT: Recent consensus on genitourinary trauma emphasizes the need to pay attention to the presence of bone fragments of the pelvic ring fractures in cases of closed bladder rupture. In cases of extraperitoneal bladder rupture with bone fragments in the vecinity, bladder endoscopic examination and surgical treatment may be needed.

Evaluation of response to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy by perfusion computed tomography in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

BACKGROUND: To evaluate changes in perfusion computed tomography (PCT) parameters induced by treatment with conventional chemotherapy (CCT) alone or with CCT and radiation therapy (RT) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to determine whether these changes correlate with response as defined by the response evaluation criteria in solid tumours version 1.1 (RECIST-1.1). METHODS: Fifty-three patients with a histological diagnosis of NSCLC prospectively underwent PCT of the whole tumour, before/after CCT or before/after CCT and RT. Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), permeability (PMB), and mean transit time (MTT) were compared before and after treatment and with the response as defined by RECIST-1.1. The relationship between changes in the perfusion parameters and in tumour size was also evaluated. RESULTS: PCT parameters decreased after treatment, significantly for BV (p = 0.002) and MTT (p = 0.027). The 30 patients with partial response had a significant decrease of 21% for BV (p = 0.006) and 17% for MTT (p = 0.031). A non-significant decrease in all perfusion parameters was found in patients with stable disease (p > 0.137). In patients with progressive disease, MTT decreased by 10% (p = 0.465) and the other parameters did not significantly vary (p > 0.809). No significant correlation was found between changes in size and PCT parameters (p > 0.145). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of NSCLC with platinum derivatives, with or without RT, induces changes in PCT parameters. Partial response is associated with a significant decrease in BV and MTT, attributable to the effect of the treatment on tumour vascularisation.

Characteristics of computed tomography perfusion parameters in non-small-cell-lung-cancer and its relationship to histology, size, stage an treatment response.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameters in NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study, 152 patients with NSCLC. CTP parameters were correlated with histology, stage, size and response to conventional chemotherapy/radiotherapy. RESULTS: Neuroendocrine tumours presented higher BV (p 0.002). Negative correlation of PMB (p 0.003) and positive of MTT (p 0.046) with T stage was found. BF showed negative correlation with size. No differences were found with the RECIST levels of response to chemotherapy/radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: CTP parameters were highly variable. Neuroendocrine tumours presented higher BV and PMB values. Perfusion parameters do not differ depending on the stage and do not predict response to treatment.

Rotura vesical extraperitoneal coincidiendo con esquirlas óseas: necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico / Extraperitoneal bladder rupture coinciding with bone fragments: the case for surgical treatment

Introducción: En las roturas vesicales traumáticas cerradas, se ha recomendado reparar quirúrgicamente la rotura intraperitoneal y tratar de manera conservadora la extraperitoneal, mediante sonda, antibióticos y comprobación del cierre de la herida vesical a las dos o tres semanas. Sólo recientemente, se ha prestado importancia a la existencia de esquirlas óseas de las fracturas pelvianas vecinas a la lesión vesical, que en presencia de una sonda permanente o de una orina infectada pueden dar lugar a fístulas persistentes o infecciones pelvianas graves. Pacientes y Método: Los dos casos de rotura vesical extraperitoneal que presentamos ponen de manifiesto la dificultad del diagnóstico seguro mediante TAC, y la gravedad de la existencia de esquirlas óseas improntando en la disrupción de la vejiga. Comentario: Los consensos recientes en traumatismo genitourinario destacan la necesidad de prestar atención a la presencia de esquirlas óseas de las facturas del anillo pelviano en los traumatismos vesicales cerrados. En caso de rotura vesical extraperitoneal con fragmentos óseos en la vecindad, la exploración endoscópica y la reparación quirúrgicas pueden ser necesarias (AU)

Introduction: In closed traumatic bladder ruptures, a surgical treatment of the intraperitoneal rupture, and a conservative approach to the extraperitoneal one, with bladder catheter, antibiotics and confirmation of bladder wound closure after two to three weeks-, was recommended. Only recently, attention was paid to the importance of the presence of bone fragments of the pelvic fractures, that in the vicinity of a bladder catheter or urinary infection may give raise to either severe pelvic infection or permanent urinary fistula. Patients and Method: The two cases of extraperitoneal bladder rupture here presented, demonstrate the difficulties of a secure diagnosis by CT, and the potential severity of the existence of bone fragments impronting the bladder disruption. Comment: Recent consensus on genitourinary trauma emphasizes the need to pay attention to the presence of bone fragments of the pelvicring fractures in cases of closed bladder rupture. In cases of extraperitoneal bladder rupture with bone fragments in the vecinity, bladderendoscopic examination and surgical treatment may be needed (AU)

Fisiopatología de la placa de ateroma y sus implicaciones en la imagen / Physiopathology of the atherosclerotic plaque and imaging methods findings

Objetivo: Revisar y explicar los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que se producen en la génesis y desarrollo de la enfermedad aterosclerótica y su previsible repercusión en el diagnóstico por imagen (AU)

To review and describe the physiopathological findings in the genesis and behavior of atherosclerotic plaque with special focus in the diagnosis with radiological imaging methods (AU)