Endothelin-1 and nitrogen oxide metabolites in risk diagnostics of arterial hypertension in persons of young and middle ages occupied in harmful working conditions.

Hypertension is a global public health problem. One of the reasons contributing to the development of arterial hypertension is endothelial dysfunction, which is expressed in the imbalance of vasoactive indicators of vascular tone - nitrogen oxide and endothelin-1. Monitoring the indicators of endothelial dysfunction in workers exposed to harmful occupational factors will help to identify a risk group for the development of occupationally caused diseases of the cardiovascular system and, in particular, arterial hypertension, for early implementation of preventive measures. This study aims to identify the relationship between endothelin-1, nitrogen oxide metabolites and blood pressure in young and middle-aged people occupied in harmful working conditions, to evaluate the studied parameters as possible markers for diagnosing the risk of hypertension. Two hundred thirty-six (236) employees of young and middle age were examined of one of the metallurgical plants of the Nizhny Novgorod region. In order to characterize the state of vascular tone, a coefficient was used that represents the ratio of the concentration of nitrogen oxide (µmol/L) to endothelin-1 (pg/ml) (NOx/ET-1). It was revealed that in one-third of people with normal and high normal blood pressure, the NOx/ET-1 value was 2-3 times less than in people with optimal blood pressure, which indicates the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction and the possible development of persistent arterial hypertension. Harmful occupational factors negatively affect vascular tone - the value of NOx/ET-1 in individuals exposed to harmful factors was 3-4 times less than in individuals not subjected to such exposure. The NOx/ET-1 coefficient can be used as an informative indicator when monitoring health conditions with an in-depth examination of working people; it can be a criterion for the risk of developing hypertension.

[Epidemiological and hygiene assessment of the health status of population in the area of the construction site of low-head water power development].

Hydrotechnical facilities have significant environmental and health imyacts. Results of a hygienic assessment of the condition of environmental objects in the area of the yrojected Nizhny Novgorod low-head water ylant develoyment showed that the both air and water pollution level in decentralized water supply sources in Balakhna and Gorodets are lower than in the city of Nizhny Novgorod, and those of the water in the water supply network are higher than in the reference area. A cross-sectional study has revealed in the main grouf (Gorodets, Zavolzhye and Balakhna) the rate of morbidity of nervous system and cardiovascular diseases to be higher than in the reference group (Nizhny Novgorod), with cardiovascular diseases being the largest contributor to the overall grevalence rate in the groug under analysis; and digestive system diseases, in the reference group. The study has no revealed direct correlation between morbidity rate in children and adults and the studied factors. However, a direct relationship has been found between the prevalence rate of endocrine diseases in children and the quality of water in the water supply network in Balakhna District (p<0.007); also, there's a correlation between the morbidity rate of digestive diseases and air pollution and water quality in the water supply network (p<0.009). In the Gorodets District, the same situation has been revealed: the morbidity rate of endocrine diseases in children depends on quality of water from the water supply network (p<0.049); the prevalence rate of digestive diseases, on air pollution and water quality in the water supply network (p<0.048). In the same region in adults the prevalence rate of the nervous system diseases, digestive diseases and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue depends on air pollution and pollution of water in the water supply network (p<0.011, p<0.01 and p<0.02, respectively).

[Pain and electroneuromyographic parameters in patients with vibration disease].

131 patients with diagnosed vibration disease were examined. Intensity, type and localization of pain syndromes were detected with the use of numeral rating scale (NRS) and questionnaires for neuropathic pain (DN4, LANSS, Pain DETECT). Functions of ulnar and median nerves were studied by means of electroneuromyography. The authors revealed the association between changes of electroneuromyographic indices and pain evaluation according to NSR and DN4.

[Biochemical parameters of cardiovascular pathology risk in automobile drivers].

Examination of 94 city bus drivers with long length of service revealed changes in lipid metabolism and C-reactive protein level, dependent on the examinees' age and length of service. Matching the biochemical parameters and clinical data proved that dyslipoproteinemia and serum C-reactive protein level could indicate cardiovascular risk in city bus drivers.

[Pathogenesis and classification of chronic encephalopathy due neurotoxic chemicals (review of literature)].

The review covers contemporary views of chronic occupational toxic encephalopathies pathogenesis and classifications of these occupational disorders. Pathophysiologic viewpoints on development and course of chronic brain disorders are presented, general mechanisms of vascular and toxic encephalopathies are considered.

[Influence of working environment factors on health state of road police officers controlling traffic (review of literature)].

The analytic review demonstrated negative influence of polluted air on respiratory diseases formation, on development of pathologic changes in neuro-endocrine and cardiovascular systems, kidneys and blood of traffic regulation officers. Special attention was put on possible carcinogenic and genotoxic influence of air polluted with chemicals in exhaust automobile gases.

[Influence of hazardous work conditions of chemical production on health state of the aged workers].

Influence of hazardous work conditions of chemical production on health state of the aged workers. When compared with the group aged under 45 years, prevalence of nervous, cardiovascular and locomotor diseases is 1.5-4 times higher in workers aged over 45 and engaged into main occupations (device operators, operators, fitters) in production of organic glass, dichloroethane, polyurethane foam and subjected continuously to chemicals 2 and more times exceeding MAC. The authors suggest ways to reduce risk of occupationally mediated diseases in aged workers presenting 30-60% of the workshop staffers in the industries studied.

[Clinical and electric neuromyographic correlations in vibration disease caused by local vibration].

The authors represented results of correlating hypoalgesia levels and characteristics of hand bone and joint disorders in vibration disease patients with activation speed and amplitude of evoked action potential in sensory fibres of median and ulnar nerves.

[Management forms to improve early diagnosis and prophylaxis of occupational diseases in workers of major chemical enterprise]. / Organizatsionnye voprosy rannei diagnostiki i profilaktiki professional'nykh zabolevanii u rabotaiushchikh na predpriiatiiakh khimicheskoi promyshlennosti.

Cooperation of occupational therapists with local authorities and with Sanitary and epidemiologic supervision establishments results in definite positive changes in diagnosis and primary prophylaxis of occupational diseases, improves quality of medical examinations. Prevention of occupational diseases results from contract system in hiring for hazardous work conditions. The job contract should invariably include a medical part that definitely settle rights and duties associated with health preservation.