Cytotoxic Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Leaves of Casearia grewiifolia.

Two new clerodane diterpenoids (1 and 2) and the known compound caseanigrescen D (3) were isolated from the leaves of Casearia grewiifolia by bioassay-guided fractionation. Their structures were determined by analyses of MS and 2D NMR data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were established by analysis of X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines, KB (mouth epidermal carcinoma cells), HepG-2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells), LU-1 (human lung adenocarcinoma cells), and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells). Caseagrewifolin B (2) had inhibitory activity against KB and HepG-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.2 to 7.0 µM, respectively. When tested against the normal cells (NIH/3T3), caseagrewifolin B (2) exhibited a significant selective inhibition against cancer cells in comparison with the normal cells. Caseanigrescen D (3) was cytotoxic against four cancer cell lines; however it had no selective inhibition compared with normal cells.

Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on the Cardiopulmonary System in Adults and Children: Current Status and Questions to be Resolved by the National Institutes of Health Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery Initiative.

TOPIC IMPORTANCE: Long COVID may occur in at least 10% of patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection and often is associated with debilitating symptoms. Among the organ systems that might be involved in its pathogenesis, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems may be central to common symptoms seen in survivors of COVID-19, including fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, cough, and exercise intolerance. Understand the exact symptomatology, causes, and effects of long COVID on the heart and lungs may help us to discover new therapies. To that end, the National Institutes of Health is sponsoring a national study population of diverse volunteers to support large-scale studies on the long-term effects of COVID-19. REVIEW FINDINGS: The National Institutes of Health Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) initiative currently is recruiting participants in the United States to answer critical questions about long COVID. The study comprises adult and pediatric cohorts as well as an electronic health record cohort. Based on symptoms, individuals undergo prespecified medical testing to understand whether abnormalities can be detected and are followed up longitudinally. Herein, we outline current understanding of the clinical symptoms and pathophysiologic features of long COVID with respect to the cardiopulmonary system in adults and children and then determine how the clinical, electronic health record, and autopsy cohorts of the RECOVER initiative will attempt to answer the most pressing questions surrounding the long-term effects of COVID-19. SUMMARY: Data generated from the RECOVER initiative will provide guidance about missing gaps in our knowledge about long COVID and how they might be filled by data gathered through the RECOVER initiative.

Platelet-rich plasma's (PRP) impacts on accelerated canine movement.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on canine movement acceleration. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial split-mouth study with a double-blind design and controlled group on 31 orthodontic patients, which had been indicated bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction. Each patient recorded clinical features, analyzed lateral cephalometric film, and evaluated the acceleration on dental models at every specific interval. RESULT: The cumulative distance to the distal canines was larger for the PRP injection group than for the control group at three time points (4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks), all of which were statistically significant. The PRP injection group's canine distal width increased from the first 4 weeks (ΔT1) to the highest in the middle 4 weeks (ΔT2 = 1.78 ± 0.11 mm/month), and then it gradually decreased in the last 4 weeks (ΔT3). The speed of the PRP-injected canine was faster than the control group by 1.51 times. CONCLUSION: PRP can accelerate the speed of canine movement in orthodontics and can be applied for severe cases, for example, impacted tooth retraction, molar protraction or retraction, and other cases.

Antituberculosis cycloartane triterpenoids from Radermachera boniana.

Three new triterpenoids, bonianic acids A (1) and B (2) and 3-O-acetyluncaric acid (3), were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Radermachera boniana, together with six known compounds, ursolic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), 3-epi-oleanolic acid (6), 3α-O-acetyl-α-boswellic acid (7), ergosterol peroxide (8), and ß-sitostenone (9). Ergosterol peroxide (8) and bonianic acids A (1) and B (2) exhibited significant activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain.