Comparative study of the expression of ATF-3 and ATF-4 genes in vessels involved into atherosclerosis process and in psoriatic skin.

Expression of ATF-3 and ATF-4 genes was examined quantitatively by real-time PCR and changes in the expression of these genes in atherosclerotic lesions and in psoriatic skin were demonstrated. It was found that concomitant pathologies do not affect the expression of these genes. Opposite changes in the expression of ATF-3 and ATF-4 genes in atherosclerotic and psoriatic samples were revealed and a hypothesis was put forward that this parameter could be a criterion of pathological process in both diseases.

[Treatment of scalping type nasal wounds by transplantation of cultured human allofibroblasts and a Grasolind neutral bandage].

The aim of the trial was evaluation of efficacy of human cultured allofibroblasts transplantation and novel bandage Grasolind neutral (Paul Hartmann, Germany) on the wound with a large defect of nasal soft tissues. Biopsy findings at different stages of healing of the wound confirmed high regenerative properties of human allofibroblasts. The latter promoted reestablishment of full-thickness graft in minimal scarring. After use of allofibroblasts physiological desquamation started 13 days earlier than in the control group. A novel interactive bandage Grasolind (Paul Hartman, Germany) produced a positive effect as it did not damage newly formed epidermal cells which stimulated regeneration.

Plastic operations of burns using cultured epithelium.

Autoradiographic and electron-microscopic methods were used for the study of cultures of human skin epidermocytes in media with a low calcium content. It has been demonstrated that the culturing of epidermocytes in a medium containing 0.15 mM of calcium suppresses differentiation and stimulates division of cells. The considerable number of dividing cells in the cultures permits their use both for grafting on wound surfaces and further cultivation.

[Pathology of the synapses of the central nervous system]. / Patologiia sinapsov tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy.

Combined electron-microscopic and autoradiographic examination of axosomatic and axodendritic synapses in the central nervous system after various extreme exposures (phenamin, alcohol intoxication, local tetanus, shock, radiation trauma) was made. Destructive changes of the synapses and dendritic spines manifested in dissociation of pre- and postsynaptic parts, disorganization of the spine apparatus. Autoradiography revealed a various degree of the exogenous labelled mediator incorporation.

[Pathology of cerebral infarction]. / K patologicheskoi anatomii infarkta golovnogo mozga.

Classification of cerebral infarctions is presented in connection with their etiology and pathogenesis. The zones of cerebral infarction, the ultrastructural and synthesizing characteristics of clear, dark, and pyknomorphic neurons are described in detail. The results of pathological examinations of cerebral infarctions are compared with experimental data obtained in hypoxia conditions of the nervous system by means of electron microscopy and ultrastructural autoradiography.

[A change in the dendrite apparatus of the central nervous system under the influence of several extreme factors]. / Izmenie shipikovogo apparata tsentralnoi nervnoi sistemy pod vliianiem nekotorykh ékstremal'nykh faktorov

Electron-microscopy studies of the lateral dendrite processes of the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex hemispheres in rabbits exposed to thermal effects, total irradiation, and to combination of these two factors, were carried out. Destructive changes in the lateral dendrite processes, consisting in their smoothing, translocation of the dendrite apparatus into the dendrite trunk, desorganization of the dendrite apparatus, were noted. The above mentioned changes in the dendrites were not accompanied by any marked impairment of the axodendrite synapses, which testified to a relative stability of the axodendrite synapses in the cerebral cortex hemispheres.

[The ultrastructural changes in the central and peripheral nervous system in burns]. / Ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia v tsentral'noi i perifericheskoi nervnoi sisteme pri ozhogovoi bolezni.

Ultrastructural changes of the brain neurons and vegetative nerve ganglions (superior cervical ganglions, ganglion stellatum, ganglions of vagus nerve) were studied on the autopsy material of 30 patients dying at various periods of burn disease at the age of from 19 to 75 years (burn disease III-IV degree, 35-50% of the body surface) and on the experimental material as well. Ultrastructural changes of neurons, their processes, synapsis apparatus, glial cells, mitochondria, endoplasmatic network nuclei and cell membranes are described. The degree of the destructive changes in central nervous system and vegetative nervous ganglions depends upon the period of burn disease and the size of surface burned.

[10 years' experience of using cultured human skin cells for the treatment of thermal burns]. / Desiatiletnii opyt ispol'zovaniia kul'tivirovannykh kletok kozhi cheloveka dlia lecheniia termicheskikh ozhogov.

The authors have developed a unique method of treating extensive burns by transplantation of the cultivated cells on the affected area. The main elements of the transplant are not keratinocytes but fibroblasts, and this is a principal difference with other methods. The transplanted fibroblasts actively synthesize DNA, collagen, fibronectin, glycosaminoglycanes which comprise the extracellular matrix formed by cells. The method is simple, cost-effective, provides high percentage of fibroblast transplant survival, essential acceleration of the burn area epithelialization as compared to other methods. This method was applied in the treatment of 517 patients in various hospitals of the country.

[An electron radioautographic study of the dynamic decrease in the level of RNA synthesis in human brain cells at different times after death]. / Elektronno-radioavtograficheskoe izuchenie dinamiki snizheniia urovnia sinteza RNK v kletkakh golovnogo mozga v razlichnye sroki posle smerti.

The above study is performed in neurons, oligodendrocytes and capillary endotheliocytes of human brain 4-13 hours after death. Brain biopsies after the surgery and early necropsies served as the material. RNA synthesis in some neurons and glial cells is retained to some degree 8-13 hours after death. Oligodendrocytes are more and neurons less resistant. Grave disturbances of the CNS microcirculation is the obstacle to reversibility of destructive processes.

[Morphological study of capsules formed around various breast endoprostheses]. / Morfologicheskoe izuchenie kapsul, obrazuiushchikhsia vokrug razlichnykh endoprotezov v plasticheskoi khirurgii molochnykh zhelez.

Silicone implants used in mammaplasty are often associated with constrictive capsule fibrosis, leading to induration and deformation of the prosthetic organs. In connection with this, there has been developed and is currently successfully applied in the clinical practice of the A. V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery an original method of mammary gland endoprosthesis with oily implants. The objective of this work was to make a comparative study of the late results of mammaplasty based upon the morphologic study of capsules formed around silicone and oily implants, removed during secondary surgical interventions. The dynamics of capsule formation around temporary organic glass endoprostheses has also been studied. The results showed that implantation of silicone prostheses results in a formation of a rough thick capsule, an active inflammatory reaction in the surrounding tissues and the development of constrictive fibrosis. Implantation of a temporary organic glass endoprosthesis that is filled with oil at the second stage of the operation, is followed by a thin capsule formation without signs of inflammation. The stability of the capsule structure up to 3 years has been noted. On the whole, this prosthesis provides a good cosmetic effect during long time after mammaplasty.

[Pathomorphologic changes of the solar plexus ganglia in burn disease]. / Patomorfologicheskie izmeneniia gangliev solnechnogo spleteniia pri ozhogovoi bolezni.

Solar ganglia taken from 64 subjects who died in different periods of burn disease: (shock, toxemia septico toxemia, and burn exhaustion) were pathomorphologically examined. The specific time course of changes in solar ganglia was established in various periods of the disease. Dystrophic changes, necrosis of individual neuron groups, and varices of myelinated fibers were detected during burn shock, hypertrophic neurons with thick processes interwoven in between as "felt" predominanted in toxemia whereas in septicotoxemia and burn exhaustion, necrotic changes in neurons and degeneration of nerve fibrous bundle.

[Effect of serotonin-adipinate on the ultrastructure and synthetic activity of endotheliocytes of microhemocirculatory bed of human brain (autopsy material, early autopsies)]. / Vozdeistvie serotonina adipinata na ul'trastrukturu u sinteticheskuiu aktivnost' éndoteleotsitov mikrogemotsirkuliarnogo rusla golovnogo mozga cheloveka.

Electron-microscopic and radioautographic investigation showed the ability of brain capillary endotheliocytes for retaining functional activity in total ishemia. Administration of serotonin adipinate in an early postoperative period supports intracellular processes and plays a protective role.

[The survivability time of central nervous system cells]. / Vremia perezhivaemosti kletok tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy.

Our investigations show that vital functions of some neurons and glial cells may survive for 4-8 hours after death and disappear in parallel with destructive changes in cells. Up-to-date morphological techniques demonstrate that neurons and other cells of the CNS preserve biological activity not for several minutes as believed so far but up to 4-8 hours. It is too early to judge about functional importance of this phenomenon and further investigations into this problem are necessary. Temporal parameters of RNA synthesis in the brain cells give additional knowledge about CNS cells survival and this may be of interest for reanimatology and transplantology.

[The treatment of thermal skin burns by using cultured fibroblasts]. / Lechenie termicheskikh ozhogov kozhi s ispol'zovaniem kul'tivirovannykh fibroblastov.

Transplants of monolayer culture of human allofibroblasts is characterized morphologically, the experience of their use in the treatment of 184 patients with burns is summarized. Fibroblasts of the transplant are shown to be able to proliferate and to synthetize an extracellular matrix. Their use allowed reducing significantly the time of marginal burn epithelialization, and the epithelialization of donor wounds with long healing and that of deep burns when fibroblast culture transplantation is combined with 1:6 autotransplantation. Rapid recovery of the skin is provided by a transplanted fibroblast stimulation of the proliferation of the granulation tissue pericytes, its fibroblasts and autoepidermocytes.

[Changes in the human brain and spinal cord after short-term cardiac arrest and prolonged respiratory resuscitation]. / Izmenenie golovnogo i spinnogo mozga cheloveka posle kratkovremennoi ostanovki serdtsa i dlitel'noi dykhatel'noi reanimatsii.

Clinicomorphological data on 12 cases of long-term APV (up to 35 days) are reported. The degree of morphological changes was found to vary with CNS compartment. The authors emphasize clinicomorphological alterations in the spinal cord, particularly in the cervical segments, where almost complete absence of cells and reactivity of glial elements were observed.

[Use of cell cultures in the local treatment of burn wounds]. / Ispol'zovanie kletochnykh kul'tur pri mestnom lechenii ozhogovykh ran.

The article deals with the results of using cultivated allofibroblasts in topical treatment of burn wounds. Allofibroblasts obtained from the derma of burnt individuals were transplanted to the burn wounds of 28 patients. In 12 among 15 patients (80%) with IIIa-IIIb degree burns transplantation induced epithelialization of the burns in 12.1 +/- 2.4 days. Thirteen patients had deep burns, only in 3 of them with a circumscribed burn area transplantation proved effective. Complications of transplantation were encountered in 5 patients--rejection of the transplant in 2 and its suppuration in 3 patients. Allofibroblast transplantation may be applied as an independent method of treatment in IIIa, b degree burns.

[Treatment of chronic non-healing donor sites: transplantation of cultured human fibroblasts]. / Lechenie dlitelno ne zazhivaiushchikh donorskikh uchastkov: transplan tatsiia kultivirovannykh allofibroblastov cheloveka.

The authors discuss the first results of the use of cultivated human allofibroblasts in the treatment of persisting wounds of the donor areas in 13 patients with deep burns and cicatricial deformities caused by the burns. Transplantation of cell cultures led to complete epithelialization of the wounds in 6-10 days. Complication, suppuration of the grafted material, was recorded in one case. Reaction of graft rejection was not encountered. The authors believe that the effect of the transplantation is due to stimulation of the epithelialization processes by the cultivated fibroblasts.

[Cultured human skin cells in the treatment of burns]. / Lechenie ozhogov s ispolzovaniem kultivirovannykh kletok kozhi cheloveka.

The work discusses the results of experience of long-year's standing of the staff of the Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery in the creation of a biological bandage with the use of cultivated human skin cells. A graft of cultivated human allofibroblasts was used for closure of burn wounds for the first time. Its efficacy was studied in 86 cases of burns. The use of cultivated allofibroblasts is indicated in bordering III ab degree burns and sluggishly healing donor areas formed after autodermoplasty. Study of the efficacy of cultivated allofibroblasts in the treatment of deep burns in combination with dermoplasty with a 1:6 perforated skin autograft are continued. The low cost and technical simplicity of the method allow cultivated fibroblast grafts to be recommended for wide clinical practice.

[Dynamics of morphological changes in the central nervous system as a criteria for lifetime thermal trauma]. / Dinamika morfologicheskikh izmenenii v tsentral'noi nervnoi sisteme kak kriterii prizhiznennosti termicheskoi travmy.

An attempt was made in the present study to specify the signs of a lifetime thermal trauma (TT) by examining the dynamics of ultrasound changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Derangements of interneuronic bonds and of interrelations between the neurons and capillaries are typical for changes in the brain at thermal trauma. The former is documented by changes in the synaptic apparatus, and the latter--by an edema of the glia cell processes, which account for the transportation of substances from the blood flow into neurons. Such changes can be regarded as the signs of a lifetime TT, which makes it possible to recommend to use the photo-optic and electron-microscopic examinations of the cerebral tissues in the forensic medicine for the differential diagnosis of lifetime and postmortem TTs.

[Generalized herpes with mucoviscidosis, pneumocystosis and meconial disease--rare causes of death in newborn infants]. / Generalizovannyi gerpes s mukovistsidozom i pnevmotsistoz s mekonial'noi bolezn'iu--redkie prichiny smerti novorozhdennykh.

Rare forms of diseases and combinations thereof that developed in utero and eventuated in death during the first hour of life of two newborns are described. Mucoviscidosis represented by the pulmonary and meconial syndrome was combined with generalized herpes whose specific feature was medulla oblongata involvement. The authors confirm the rare possibility of intrauterine development of pulmonary pneumocystosis combined with meconial disease. They demonstrate the possibility of differentiating between mucoviscidosis and meconial disease. In both cases death occurred because of obturation of the respiratory routes with pathologic bronchial secretion and parasitic exudative mass.