[The structural status of red blood cell membranes in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Examination by spin probe]. / Strukturnoe sostoianie membran eritrotsitov krovi detei, bol'nykh insulinozavisimym sakharnym diabetom. Issledovanie metodom spinovogo zonda.

Using spin probes-stearic acid analogues, the authors investigated the microviscosity and the a/b parameter of red blood cell membranes in children with diabetes mellitus. The structural changes were correlated with altered metabolic measurements. The change in the pathway of insulin in diabetes mellitus led to the structural state of red blood cell membranes.

[Blood levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and ATP in diabetes mellitus in children]. / Glikolizirovannyi gemoglobin i ATF krovi pri sakharnom diabete u detei.

To elucidate possible role of alterations in levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and ATP of blood in pathogenesis of diabetic impairments, 29 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied. In these children the blood content of the glycosylated hemoglobin was distinctly increased simultaneously with a decrease in ATP level. The alterations were especially distinct in the children the parents of which suffered from ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, insult, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. Development of diabetes mellitus in these children was characterized by the most severe manifestations (especially frequent and severe diabetic lesions, distinct decreases in secretion of insulin and in efficiency of the hormone). A hypothesis is discussed on possible importance of accelerated glycosylation of proteins and of a decrease in ATP synthesis for development of diabetic lesions.

[Isolation of the islands of Langerhans and their transplantation under experimental conditions]. / Izoliatsiia ostrovkov Langergansa i ikh transplantatsiia v eksperimente.

Isolated islets of Langerhans were obtained from sexually immature rats by means of collagenase. Interperitoneal isotransplantation of the islets to rats with alloxan diabetes caused an improvement of their condition, normoglycemia, and elevation of the immunoreactive insulin level, and prolonged survival of these rats, in the presence of coarse morphological changes in the endocrine part of the pancreas of the recipient (in 2--4 weeks). It is suggested that the insular cells of the islets of Langerhans isolated from the immature rats were viable.

[Role of the liver in the regulation of blood levels of insulin, C-peptide and glucose]. / Rol' pecheni v reguliatsii urovnei insulina, C-peptida i gliukozy v krovi.

Insulin, C-peptide and glucose levels in the blood, collected from the portal, hepatic and femoral veins of 7 young healthy dogs were studied before and 3 to 45 minutes after intravenous glucose injection. It was found that insulin concentration in the peripheral vein does not reflect completely its secretion by pancreatic islets, since a considerable part of hormone, released after glucose injection, is retained by the liver. C-peptide concentration in the peripheral veins reflects more precisely the beta-cell secretory activity that insulin level. A rise of insulin concentration in the portal vein after intravenous glucose injection promotes the hepatic glucose assimilation.

[The role of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents]. / Rol' tromboksana A2 i prostatsiklina v patogeneze sakharnogo diabeta u detei i podrostkov.

The follow-up of children and adolescents (n-41) suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has demonstrated that the increase of the thromboxane/prostacyclin ratio pointing to the derangement of microcirculatory regulation occurs during the decompensation phase of the disease and is a risk factor of the development of diabetic complications. The revealed disorders of arachidonic acid metabolism may be one of the causes of the tendency towards decrease of pulse arterial pressure in grave diabetes mellitus.

[State of insulin receptors and carbohydrate metabolism in children with diabetes mellitus]. / Sostoianie insulinovykh retseptorov i uglevodnogo obmena u detei, bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

Diabetes mellitus children demonstrate the lowering of insulin binding by lymphocytes on appearance of the signs of insulin overdosage. After standard breakfast preceded by insulin injection such patients show a lower blood content of ATP as compared to children without metabolic signs of insulin overdosage, which may be of importance in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance development. Patients with type I diabetes mellitus and hyperlactatemia manifested the lowering of glucose assimilation by lymphocytes whatever the presence of the signs of insulin overdosage, pointing to insulin resistance.

[Effect of adenosine cyclic monophosphate on insulin secretion in healthy rats and in those with alloxan diabetes]. / Vliianie 3',5'-adenozinmonofosfata na sekretsiiu insulina u zdorovykh zhivotnykh i u zhivotnykh s alloksanovym diabetom.

Studies on rats and dogs demonstrated exogenous cAMP to aid elevation of the blood insulin level in healthy animals and, to a lesser extent, in the animals with a mild course of diabetes mellitus caused by alloxan damage of beta-cells. In case of a severe course of diabetes mellitus exogenous cAMP produced no stimulating action on the insulin secretion.

[The importance of the radioimmunologic study of the impairment of insulin secretion as an atherogenic factor]. / Znachenie radioimmunologicheskogo issledovaniia narusheniia insulinosekretsii kak aterogennogo faktora.

Using a radioimmunoassay a low C-peptide fasting level was revealed in children, pregnant and lying-in women as well as in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. After breakfast and insulin administration with curative purposes the IRI concentration in children increased whereas the C-peptide level changed insignificantly. Changes of the insulin secretion were more noticeable in severe diabetes mellitus with vascular complications and in disease decompensation. The atherogenic nature of the lipid metabolism (an increase in the cholesterol, triglyceride and beta-lipoprotein levels), changes in the liver and a tendency to vascular involvement are the results of insulin effect inadequacy. Such metabolic derangements in pregnant women create unfavorable conditions for the development of fetus and may lead to early atherogenic processes.

[Hormonal-metabolic disorders in children with diabetes mellitus in the preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy]. / Gormonal'no-metabolicheskie narusheniia u detei, bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom, s doklinicheskoi stadiei diabeticheskoi retinopatii.

A relationship was established between alterations in vessels of the fundus of the eye and diabetes mellitus standing, the character of metabolic disorders, hereditary load with regard to cardiovascular diseases. The risk factors of the development of the preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy are as follows: hereditary load with regard to cardiovascular diseases, parship, an increase of the content of lactate, a reduction of the content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerophosphate, a rise of the content of glycosylated hemoglobin, high content of cholesterol esters in red blood cell membranes, of free cholesterol and malonic dialdehyde in blood serum, a decline of the level of phospholipids and a rise of cardiolipin content in red blood cell membranes, and increase of blood serum cortisol.

[Clinical significance of the determination of serum fructosamine and albumin in children with diabetes mellitus]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie opredeleniia fruktozamina i al'bumina syvorotki krovi pri sakharnom diabete u detei.

The paper is devoted to a study of the role of serum glycoprotein fructosamine and serum albumin in the pathogenesis of a severe course of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in children. Fructosamine was determined in 43 pediatric patients with IDDM by direct spectrophotometry using Hoffman-La-Roche kits; albumin, C-peptide and malonic aldehyde were also determined. Disorder of the mechanism of regulation of homeostasis by albumin was shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of a severe course of IDDM in children. It could be caused by its enhanced glycosylation and a decrease in liver synthesis in some cases as a result of considerable reduction of insulin secretion. A prognostically unfavorable sign was a raised ratio of fructosamine to albumin and enhanced lipid peroxidation against a background of low insulin secretion. The determination of serum levels of fructosamine and albumin can be a valuable diagnostic criterion in examination of children with diabetes mellitus.