Assessing transnational spillover effects of Mexico's front-of-package nutritional labeling system among Mexican Americans in the US.

OBJECTIVE: In 2020, Mexico implemented innovative front-of-package nutrition warning labels (FoPWLs) for packaged foods to increase the salience and understanding of nutrition information. This study evaluated Mexican Americans' self-reported exposure to Mexican FoPWLs and self-reported effects of FoPWLs on purchasing behavior. METHODS: The 2021 International Food Policy Study surveyed online panels of adult Mexican Americans in the US (n = 3361) to self-report on buying food at Mexican-oriented stores, noticing Mexican FoPWLs, and being influenced by FoPWLs to purchase less of eight different unhealthy foods (each assessed separately). After recoding the frequency of buying foods in Mexican stores and noticing FoPWLs (i.e., "often" or "very often" vs. less often), logistic models regressed these outcomes on sociodemographics, adjusting for post-stratification weights. RESULTS: Most participants (88.0%) purchased foods in Mexican stores. Of these, 64.1% reported noticing FoPWLs, among whom many reported that FoPWLs influenced them to buy fewer unhealthy foods (range = 32% [snacks like chips] - 44% [colas]). Participants were more likely to buy foods in Mexican stores and notice FoPWLs if they were younger, had ≥two children at home vs no children (AOR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.15-1.71; AOR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.03-1.80, respectively), and more frequently used Spanish (AOR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.77-2.07; AOR = 1.87, 95%CI = 1.69-2.07). Also, high vs. low education (AOR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.17-1.94) and higher income adequacy (AOR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.25-1.51) were positively associated with noticing FoPWLs. Being female and more frequent Spanish use were consistently associated with reporting purchase of fewer unhealthy foods because of FoPWLs. CONCLUSIONS: Many Mexican Americans report both exposure to Mexican FOPWLs and reducing purchases of unhealthy foods because of them.

Development of a crowdsourcing- and gamification-based mobile application to collect epidemiological information and promote healthy lifestyles in Mexico.

We developed a mobile application to promote healthy lifestyles and collect non-communicable disease (NCD) data in Mexico. Its theoretical foundations are supported by a framework-guided literature review. With design sprints, Scrum, Model-View-Controller, and Representational State Transfer architecture, we operationalized evidence-based nutrition/physical activity information into a crowdsourcing- and gamification-based application. The application was piloted for three months to monitor the response of 520 adults. Potential improvements were characterized, considering benchmarking, expert guidance, and standards. Salud Activa (English: Active Health) has two crowdsourcing modules: Nutritional scanner, scanning products' bar codes, providing nutritional data, and allowing new product registry feeding our databases; Surveys, comprising gradually-released NCD questions. Three intervention modules were generated: Drinks diary, a beverage assessment component to receive hydration recommendations; Step counter, monitoring users' steps via Google Fit/Health-iOS; Metabolic Avatar, interconnecting modules and changing as a function of beverage and step records. The 3-month median of Salud Activa use was seven days (IQR = 3-12), up to 35% of participants completed a Survey section, and 157 food products were registered through Nutritional scanner. Better customization might benefit usability and user engagement. Quantitative and qualitative data will enhance Salud Activa's design, user uptake, and efficacy in interventions delivered through this platform.

Building Capacity and Advancing Regulatory Measures to Improve Food Environments in the Region of the Americas.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the main cause of death globally (70%) and in the Region of the Americas (80%), and poor diets are a leading driver of NCDs. In response, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO) introduced a set of evidence-based regulatory measures to help countries improve diets through the reduced consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods. This paper aims to describe the needs of and propose actions for key actors to advance these measures. A workshop was designed to assess member states' regulatory capacity. A thematic analysis was conducted to analyze regional needs, successes and challenges. Thereafter, the Government Capacity-Building Framework for the prevention and control of NCDs was used to examine findings. The findings were organized in two sets: (i) PAHO/WHO actions to support member states and (ii) key actors' actions to advance regulatory policies. The results show notable regulatory progress across the Region of the Americas. However, progress differs between countries, with opportunities to strengthen measures in most countries, mainly in conflict of interest management. The results identified important actions to strengthen the regulatory capacity of PAHO/WHO member states. To maximize momentum for these actions, timelines must be identified, and political commitment can be boosted by applying human rights-based and food system-wide approaches.