Meta-analysis of the association between chronic periodontitis and chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Many scholars have performed several clinical studies have investigated the association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there are still differences between these research results, and there is no unified conclusion. Therefore, a systematic review is required to understand this issue fully. AIM: To explore the correlation between CP and CKD. METHODS: Literature on the correlation between CP and CKD, as well as the clinical attachment level (CAL) and pocket probing depth (PPD) of CKD and non-CKD, were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science repositories until January 2024. After the effective data were extracted, data processing and statistics were performed using Stata 12.0. RESULTS: Of the 22 studies, 13 were related to CP and CKD, and 9 reported CAL and PPD in patients with CKD and healthy controls. Meta-analysis of the correlation between CP and CKD revealed that CKD probability in people with CP was 1. 54 times that of healthy individuals [relative risk = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-1.70], and CP incidence in patients with CKD was 1. 98 times that of healthy individuals [overall risk (OR) = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.53-2.57]. Meta-analysis of CAL and PPD evaluations between CKD patients and healthy individuals showed that CAL and PPD levels were higher in CKD patients [standard mean difference (SMD) of CAL = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.29-1.01; SMD of PPD = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.02-0.63]. CONCLUSION: A bidirectional association exists between CP and CKD. CKD risk is increased in CP patients and vice versa. Periodontal tissue or tooth loss risks increase over time in CKD patients.

[Optimal technique of wine-processed gentian].

OBJECTIVE: To optimize technique of wine-processed gentian (root of Gentiana manshurica, G. scabra, G. triflora and G. rigescens. METHOD: Orthogonal design L9 (3(4)) was used to select the best processing technical parameters by yields of the water extracts and amounts of gentiopicroside in the processing products. RESULT: The optimal procedure was suggested as follows: Gentiana Radix was cut into 5-10 millimetres' long, added one-fifth amounts of wine by gentian's weight, moistened for two hours, and then dried by slow fire. CONCLUSION: The amounts of gentiopicroside in wine-processed gentian were closely related to the types and amounts of wine, moistened time and dried method.