[Multiple Organ Echinococcosis:Report of One Case and Literature Review].

A patient with multiple-organ echinococcosis suffered from liver echinococcosis,lung echinococcosis,and pelvic echinococcosis successively in the past three decades.From the first operation at 19 years-old,she underwent operations several times due to the recurrence of multiple organ involvement.Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease.Although the liver usually is the primary site,the disease can also invade many other organs.Diagnosis is typically based on disease history and imaging findings.Thorough removal of the lesions during the first operation is particularly important.Comprehensive evaluations and multi-disciplinary team are helpful in the treatment of patients with multiple organ invasion.

[Multi-Element Detection in Molten Steel with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy].

On-line element content detection in iron and steel industry is one of the key techniques to ensure the quality in iron and steel metallurgy. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied to on-line components detection in molten steel. We have built LIBS system for components detection of molten steel in laboratory. The system consists of a Q-switched Nd∶YAG laser (repetition rate 10 Hz, wavelength 1 064 nm, pulse length 10 ns, pulse energy about 120 mJ), high frequency induction furnace (temperature 1 600 ℃), spectrometer (wavelength range 186～310 nm, spectral resolution 0.1 nm), laser focusing and spectral signal collecting system. Multi-elements were detected in molten steel with the application of deep-UV detector coating and solarization resistant fibers. According to the calibration curves of C, S, Mn and Cr, the limit of detections are 169, 15, 58.9 and 210 µg·g-1 respectively. The R-squares of calibration curves of C, S, Mn, and Cr are better than 0.96 by using appropriate analytical lines and reference lines. At the same time, through the comparison of different elements, we find the best calibration curve of different element need different delay conditions.

The Combination of Diffusion- and T2-Weighted Imaging in Predicting Deep Myometrial Invasion of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic difference among the combination of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting deep myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer. METHODS: A structured search was conducted to identify published studies between January 2005 and April 2014, which assessed depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer by using DCE-MRI or DWI or DWI-T2WI. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies were included. Significant difference was found between DWI-T2WI and DWI in pooled specificity, and also in comparison between DCE-MRI and DWI-T2WI (P < 0.05). In summary, receiver operating characteristic analysis, area under the curve for DWI-T2WI, DWI, and DCE-MRI were 0.94, 0.90, and 0.93, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion-weighted imaging-T2WI can improve diagnostic performance in comparison with DWI alone. Meanwhile, DWI-T2WI performs better than DCE-MRI in predicting myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer. It may be an alternative for DCE-MRI in presurgical staging of endometrial cancer.

[Development of a High Spectral Resolution UV Flat-Field Spectrograph].

As an important optical splitting element, grating is used in many different spectrometers and spectrographs. Spherical varied-line-spacing grating (SVLSG) is easily combined with array detectors to get a wide wavelength range of spectrums in one time, because it can focus the spectrums in approximately a plane. Therefore, it's widely used in many spectral instruments. We usually only know the central groove density of a commercial grating and its mounting parameters, while its line spacing parameters are unknown. Moreover, the mounting parameters are optimized within the whole using wavelength range of the grating. However, in most circumstances only part of the wavelength range is used. Therefore, the mounting parameters are not optimized for the needed wavelength range. Under this condition, in this article we developed a method based on the focusing theory of the flat-field grating and the mounting parameters the manufacture provided to deduce the line spacing parameters of the grating. With these parameters, we can optimize the detector position according to the wavelength range we need and ray tracing can be done to test the optical system. In this article we developed a high spectral resolution ultraviolet spectrograph, covering a wavelength range of 230-280 nm. The grating used in this spectrograph has a central groove density of 1 200 lines x mm(-1) and a designed wavelength range of 170-500 nm. We deduced the line spacing parameters of the grating and optimized the detector mounting parameters. Hollow cathode lamps of different elements were used to calibrate the spectrograph and test the spectral resolution of it. Wavelength calibration of the spectrograph has been done with the parameter fitting method, and the calibration accuracy is better than 0.01 nm. Results show the spectral resolution of the spectral graph is about 0.08 nm at 280.20 nm.

[The auto-focusing remote laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system].

The present paper presents an auto-focus laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) remote measuring system. This system contains a Schwarzschild telescope, which consists of a convex mirror and a concave mirror. The two spherical mirrors are coaxially placed. The convex mirror is mounted on a motorized linear translation stage. With this motorized linear translation stage, the convex mirror can move along the optical axis to change the spacing between the convex mirror and the concave mirror. Therefore the focal length can be adjusted to focus the laser on samples at different distances and collect the plasma spectra. The advantages of the telescope system include, firstly, the light path of laser focusing and spectra signal collection is the same, which make it easier for mounting and collimation; secondly, the light path of the telescope uses total reflection type, which is fit for the detection in ultra-violate region; finally, the telescope consists of only two spherical mirrors which are relatively easier to manufacture. Within the translation range of the motorized linear translation stage, the focal length of the telescope in this paper can be adjusted from 1.5 to 3.6 m. The diameter of the focusing spot varies from 0.5 to 1.0 mm. Utilizing this telescope system, LIBS experiments were conducted using copper sample. And the characteristic lines of Cu element (Cu I 223.01 nm, Cu I 224.43 nm) obtained are used for the auto focusing. By investigating the relation of the area of spectral lines covered and the spacing between the mirrors, the optimal laser focusing location was obtained. The LIBS experiment results show that the system functions well, fulfilling the demand of remote ablation of sample and LIBS spectral measuring, and the telescope is able to auto-focus the laser on samples at different position to perform remote LIBS experiment.

GSTM1 null polymorphisms is associated with laryngeal cancer risk: a meta-analysis.

Many studies have examined the association between the GSTM1 (null or non-null genotype) polymorphism and laryngeal cancer risk in various populations, but their results have been inconsistent. To assess this relationship more precisely, a meta-analysis was performed. PubMed was searched for case-control studies published up to December 2013. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Ultimately, 23 studies, comprising 2,562 laryngeal cancer cases and 4,091 controls, were included. Overall, for null versus present, the pooled OR was 1.22 (95 % CI = 1.10-1.36), and the heterogeneity was found in all studies. In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, significant risks were found among Asians (OR = 1.71; 95 % CI = 1.34-2.19; P = 0.011 for heterogeneity) and in Caucasians (OR = 1.13, 95 % CI = 1.00-1.27; P = 0.036 for heterogeneity). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that the GSTM1 null gene polymorphism is an increased risk of laryngeal cancer in Asians and Caucasians.

Influence of Ce substitution for Bi in BiVO4 and the impact on the phase evolution and microwave dielectric properties.

In the present work, the (Bi1-xCex)VO4 (x ≤ 0.6) ceramics were prepared via a solid-state reaction method and all the ceramic samples could be densified below 900 °C. From the X-ray diffraction analysis, it is found that a monoclinic scheelite solid solution can be formed in the range x ≤ 0.10. In the range 0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.60, a composite region with both monoclinic scheelite and tetragonal zircon solid solutions was formed and the content of the zircon phase increased with the calcined or sintering temperature. The refined lattice parameters of (Bi0.9Ce0.1)VO4 are a = 5.1801(0) Å, b = 5.0992(1) Å, c = 11.6997(8) Å, and γ = 90.346(0)° with the space group I112/b(15). The VO4 tetrahedron contracts with the substitution of Ce for Bi at the A site, and this helps to keep the specific tetrahedron chain stable in the monoclinic structure. The microwave dielectric permittivity was found to decrease linearly from 68 to about 26.6; meanwhile, the quality factor (Qf) value increased from 8000 GHz to around 23900 GHz as the x value increased from 0 to 0.60. The best microwave dielectric properties were obtained in a (Bi0.75Ce0.25)VO4 ceramic with a permittivity of ∼47.9, a Qf value of ∼18000 GHz, and a near-zero temperature coefficient of ∼+15 ppm/°C at a resonant frequency of around 7.6 GHz at room temperature. Infrared spectral analysis supported that the dielectric contribution for this system at microwave region could be attributed to the absorptions of structural phonon oscillations. This work presents a novel method to modify the temperature coefficient of BiVO4-type materials. This system of microwave dielectric ceramic might be an interesting candidate for microwave dielectric resonator and low-temperature cofired ceramic technology applications.

[A method for time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurement].

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is strongly time related. Time-resolved LIBS measurement is an important technique for the research on laser induced plasma evolution and self-absorption of the emission lines. Concerning the temporal characteristics of LIBS spectrum, a method is proposed in the present paper which can achieve micros-scale time-resolved LIBS measurement by using general ms-scale detector. By setting different integration delay time of the ms-scale spectrum detector, a series of spectrum are recorded. And the integration delay time interval should be longer than the worst temporal precision. After baseline correction and spectrum fitting, the intensity of the character line was obtained. Calculating this intensity with differential method at a certain time interval and then the difference value is the time-resolved line intensity. Setting the plasma duration time as X-axis and the time-resolved line intensity as Y-axis, the evolution curve of the character line intensity can be plotted. Character line with overlap-free and smooth background should be a priority to be chosen for analysis. Using spectrometer with ms-scale integration time and a control system with temporal accuracy is 0.021 micros, experiments carried out. The results validate that this method can be used to characterize the evolution of LIBS characteristic lines and can reduce the cost of the time-resolved LIBS measurement system. This method makes high time-resolved LIBS spectrum measurement possible with cheaper system.

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance of sequential batch operation for algal cultivation through suspended-solid phase photobioreactor.

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) absorbed by algae in the suspended-solid phase photobioreactor (ssPBR) have emerged as an efficient pathway to purify the effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, the key operational parameters of the ssPBR need to be optimized. In this study, the stability of the system after sequential batch operations and the efficiency under various influent P concentrations were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the ssPBR maintained a high N/P removal efficiency of 96 % and 98 %, respectively, after 5 cycles. When N was kept at 15 mg/L and P ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 mg/L, the system yielded plenty of algae products and guaranteed the effluent quality that met the discharge standards. Notably, the carriers were a key contributor to the high metabolism of algae and high performance. This work provided theoretical ideas and technical guidance for effluent quality improvement in WWTPs.

Xantolisweimingii (Sapotaceae), a new species from the Yuanjiang River basin, Yunnan, southwest China.

Xantolisweimingii sp. nov. (Sapotaceae) is described and illustrated from Yunnan, southwest China. The new species is morphologically most similar to X.tomentosa (Roxb.) Raf., but differs from the latter in the ovate or obovate leaves, entirely glabrous corollas, lanceolate, ca. 5 mm long staminodes, fringed at the base. We provided a distribution map and a preliminary conservation assessment for the new species. Additionally, an updated dichotomous key to all known species of Xantolis is presented.

Indigoferajintongpenensis (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae, Indigofereae), a new species from Yunnan, southwest China.

Indigoferajintongpenensis, a new species of the subfamily Papilionoideae of Fabaceae, is described and illustrated from Yunnan, southwest China. The new species is characterised by having a prostrate habit, flexible stems and branches, as well as spreading, sub-basifixed, asymmetrically 2-branched trichomes covering the entire plant, discoid calyx, and racemose inflorescences 6-8-flowered, short, 1-2 (-3.5) cm in length, apparently shorter than the leaf. A distribution map and comparison of morphological diagnostic characters with its morphologically similar species are provided. Additionally, a preliminary conservation assessment of I.jintongpenensis is proposed following IUCN criteria.

Adaptive evolution of antioxidase-related genes in hypoxia-tolerant mammals.

To cope with the damage from oxidative stress caused by hypoxia, mammals have evolved a series of physiological and biochemical traits, including antioxidant ability. Although numerous research studies about the mechanisms of hypoxia evolution have been reported, the molecular mechanisms of antioxidase-related genes in mammals living in different environments are yet to be completely understood. In this study, we constructed a dataset comprising 7 antioxidase-related genes (CAT, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX1, GPX2, and GPX3) from 43 mammalian species to implement evolutionary analysis. The results showed that six genes (CAT, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX1, and GPX3) have undergone divergent evolution based on the free-ratio (M1) model. Furthermore, multi-ratio model analyses uncovered the divergent evolution between hypoxic and non-hypoxic lineages, as well as various hypoxic lineages. In addition, the branch-site model identified 9 positively selected branches in 6 genes (CAT, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX2, and GPX3) that contained 35 positively selected sites, among which 31 positively selected sites were identified in hypoxia-tolerant branches, accounting for 89% of the total number of positively selected sites. Interestingly, 65 parallel/convergent sites were identified in the 7 genes. In summary, antioxidase-related genes are subjected to different selective pressures among hypoxia-tolerant species living in different habitats. This study provides a valuable insight into the molecular evolution of antioxidase-related genes in hypoxia evolution in mammals.

[Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system for elements analysis in high-temperature and vacuum environment].

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is one of the most promising technologies to be applied to metallurgical composition online monitoring in these days. In order to study the spectral characters of LIBS spectrum and to investigate the quantitative analysis method of material composition under vacuum and high temperature environment, a LIBS measurement system was designed and set up which can be used for conducting experiments with high-temperature or molten samples in different vacuum environment. The system consists of a Q-switched Nd : YAG laser used as the light source, lens with different focus lengths used for laser focusing and spectrum signal collecting, a spectrometer used for detecting the signal of LIBS spectrums, and a vacuum system for holding and heating the samples while supplying a vacuum environment. The vacuum was achieved and maintained by a vacuum pump and an electric induction furnace was used for heating the system. The induction coil was integrated to the vacuum system by attaching to a ceramic sealing flange. The system was installed and testified, and the results indicate that the vacuum of the system can reach 1X 10(-4) Pa without heating, while the heating temperature could be about 1 600 degreeC, the system can be used for melting metal samples such as steel and aluminum and get the LIBS spectrum of the samples at the same time. Utilizing this system, LIBS experiments were conducted using standard steel samples under different vacuum or high-temperature conditions. Results of comparison between LIBS spectrums of solid steel samples under different vacuum were achieved, and so are the spectrums of molten and solid steel samples under vacuum environment. Through data processing and theoretical analyzing of these spectrums, the initial results of those experiments are in good agreement with the results that are presently reported, which indicates that the whole system functions well and is available for molten metal LIBS experiment under vacuum environment.

Association between maternal allergic rhinitis and asthma on the prevalence of atopic disease in offspring.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common co-morbidity of allergic rhinitis (AR). The prevalence of these two allergic diseases has increased in China and has been shown to cluster in families independently. This study evaluated the association between maternal AR (presenting with or without asthma) and the allergic conditions in offspring. METHODS: Women (n = 592) diagnosed with AR were recruited for this study; 379 patients presented with AR and 213 presented with both AR and asthma. Total serum IgE levels and nasal eosinophil counts were analyzed and correlated with disease presentation. RESULTS: The prevalence of allergic conditions in offspring of mothers diagnosed with AR and asthma was significantly higher than the prevalence observed in children born to mothers presenting with AR only. Maternal total serum IgE and eosinophil counts were predictive of atopy in offspring. Children born to mothers presenting with persistent moderate-to-severe AR had the highest risk of developing atopic conditions (OR 6.26, 95% CI 3.26-12.02). Maternal age of 25-30 years at delivery was also associated with a higher risk for the allergic disease in offspring compared to maternal age of 36-40 (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.31-3.47). CONCLUSIONS: The severity of maternal AR, asthma co-morbidity, elevated serum IgE levels and nasal eosinophilia were all associated with an increased risk of offspring developing allergic conditions. Children born to older mothers were protected against developing atopic disease.

[Study on far-infrared reflectivity spectra of microwave dielectric ceramic (RbBi)1/2MoO4].

The (RbBi)1/2 MoO4 ceramic was prepared via solid state reaction method. The room temperature far-infrared reflectivity spectra were measured and 15 vibration modes were observed. Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relationship was employed to fit infrared spectra. The optical frequency permittivity epsilon infinity is equal to 2. 17 for the dielectric materials, and the extrapolated value to microwave frequency (at about 9 GHz) is 20.56 and it is slightly smaller than the actual measured value -21.4. The calculated value of quality factor (Q x f) is 11 790 GHz, which is higher than the actual measured value -6 200 GHz, and it can be deduced that the quality factor of the (RbBi)1/2 MoO4 ceramic material has large room for improvement.

[Geometric distortion correction for hyperspectral image using a rotating scan reflector].

Offner imaging spectrometer is a kind of pushbroom imaging system. Hyperspectral images acquired by Offner imaging spectrometers require relative motion of sensor and scene that is translation or rotation. Via rotating scan with a reflector at the front of sensor's len, large objects can be entirely captured. But for the changes in object distances, geometric distortion occurs. A formula of space projection from an object point to an image point by one capture was derived. According to the projection relation and slit's motion curve, the object points' coordinates on a reference plan were obtained with rotation angle for a variable. A rotating scan device using a reflector was designed and installed on an Offner imaging spectrometer. Clear images were achieved from the processing of correction algorithm.

[EUV flat field grating spectrometer and performance measurement].

A high-resolution extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer has been developed to diagnose the magnetically confined plasmas. A holographic spherical varied line spacing concave grating which provides a flat focal plane is used as the diffraction element working with the grazing incidence angle of 3 degrees. The nominal groove density is 1200 lines x mm(-1). A deeply cooled back-illuminated CCD camera is used as the spectra detector and a mechanical shutter is used to control the time of exposure. It covers the wavelength range of 5-50 nm with the CCD cameral moving along the spectra focal plane to cover different wavelength range interested. Spectrometer design is presented and it was tested by a Penning discharge light source. By the wavelength calibration, the actual parameters of the optical system were calculated and the wavelength accuracy is 0.003 nm. Results show that the spectral resolution is about 0.015 nm at 20 nm with the width of entrance slit opened at 30 microm, which agrees with the design goal.

Rubusdianchuanensis sp. nov. (Rosaceae) from Sichuan and Yunnan, southwest China.

Rubusdianchuanensis, a new name for the species previously named as R.vicarius by W. O. Focke in 1911, is proposed. A detailed description, illustrations, and remarks on its phenology, ecology, and geographic distribution are provided. This raspberry (subg. Idaeobatus) is endemic to China and was only found in Sichuan and Yunnan, southwest China. Morphologically, it is most similar to R.ovatisepalus but clearly differs from the latter by having leaf densely white or grey tomentose abaxially, usually leaf-like bracts at the base of inflorescence, 1-6 cm long pedicels, and triangular-ovate sepals with acute to caudate apex.

[Measuring method of spatial and spectral distribution of hollow cathode lamp].

In the present paper, the authors propose a method to measure the spatial and spectral distribution of hollow cathode lamp by imaging spectrometer. A push-broom convex grating imaging spectrometer based on Offner system is presented, with wavelength range 400-1 000 nm, field angle 22 degrees and spectral resolution 2-3 nm. The spatial distribution of Hg hollow cathode lamp was measured for the first time; this gives the spatial intensity distribution for different wavelengths and spectral distribution at different positions, with high spatial and spectral resolution. Also the hyperspectral data under different working current condition was obtained in order to analyze the differences of the distribution. It will be a powerful tool for the spatial and spectral properties measurement of hollow cathode lamps and other kinds of light sources.

RhIII-Catalyzed C-H (Het)arylation/Vinylation of N-2,6-Difluoroaryl Acrylamides.

RhIII-catalyzed sp2 C-H cross-coupling of acrylamides with organoboron reactants has been accomplished using a commercially available N-2,6-difluoroaryl acrylamide auxiliary. A broad range of aryl and vinyl boronates as well as a variety of heterocyclic boronates with strong coordinating ability can serve as the coupling partners. This transformation proceeds under moderate reaction conditions with excellent functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity.