Parenting links to parent-child interbrain synchrony: a real-time fNIRS hyperscanning study.

Parent-child interaction is crucial for children's cognitive and affective development. While bio-synchrony models propose that parenting influences interbrain synchrony during interpersonal interaction, the brain-to-brain mechanisms underlying real-time parent-child interactions remain largely understudied. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we investigated interbrain synchrony in 88 parent-child dyads (Mage children = 8.07, 42.0% girls) during a collaborative task (the Etch-a-Sketch, a joint drawing task). Our findings revealed increased interbrain synchrony in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and temporo-parietal areas during interactive, collaborative sessions compared to non-interactive, resting sessions. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that interbrain synchrony in the left temporoparietal junction was associated with enhanced dyadic collaboration, shared positive affect, parental autonomy support, and parental emotional warmth. These associations remained significant after controlling for demographic variables including child age, child gender, and parent gender. Additionally, differences between fathers and mothers were observed. These results highlight the significant association between brain-to-brain synchrony in parent-child dyads, the quality of the parent-child relationship, and supportive parenting behaviors. Interbrain synchrony may serve as a neurobiological marker of real-time parent-child interaction, potentially underscoring the pivotal role of supportive parenting in shaping these interbrain synchrony mechanisms.

Uranium capture by a layered 2D/2D niobium phosphate/holey graphene architecture via an electro-adsorption and electrocatalytic reduction coupling process.

As an energy-efficient and eco-friendly technique, capacitive deionization (CDI) has shown great potential for uranium (U(VI)) capture recently. However, extracting U(VI) with high kinetics, capacity and selectivity remains a major challenge due to the current surface active sites-based material and co-existing ions in aqueous solution. Here we rationally designed a layered 2D/2D niobium phosphate/holey graphene (HGNbP) electrode material, and originally demonstrated its efficient U(VI) capture ability via an electro-adsorption and electrocatalytic reduction coupling process. The less-accumulative loose layered architecture, open polycrystalline construction of niobium phosphate with active phosphate sites, and rich in-plane nano-pores on conductive graphene nanosheets endowed HGNbP with fast charge/ion transport, high electroconductivity and superior pseudocapacitance, which enabled U(VI) ions first to be electro-adsorbed, then physico-chemical adsorbed, and finally electrocatalysis reduced/deposited onto electrode surface without the limitation of active sites under a low potential of 1.2 V. Based on these virtues, the HGNbP exhibited a fast adsorption kinetics, with a high removal rate of 99.9% within 30 min in 50 mg L-1 U(VI) solution, and a high adsorption capacity up to 1340 mg g-1 in 1000 mg L-1 U(VI) solution. Furthermore, the good recyclability and selectivity towards U(VI) were also realized.

Relations among family, peer, and academic stress and adjustment in Chinese adolescents: A daily diary analysis.

Family, peers, and academics are three central sources of stress for Chinese adolescents, which have potential negative implications for youth's adjustment. This study investigated how within-person fluctuations in daily domains of stress (i.e., family, peer, and academic) and between-person differences in average stress levels were associated with four Chinese adolescent adjustment indicators (i.e., positive and negative emotions, sleep quality, and subjective vitality). Participants included 315 Chinese adolescents (48.3% girls; Mage = 13.05 years, SD = 0.77 years) who completed a 10-day diary on each domain of stress and indicators of adjustment. Multilevel models revealed that peer stress had the most detrimental association with Chinese adolescents' adjustment at both within-person (i.e., higher same-day and next-day negative emotions) and between-person (i.e., higher negative emotions, worse sleep quality, and lower subjective vitality) levels. Academic stress was only significant at the between-person level, corresponding to worse sleep quality and increased levels of negative emotions. Family stress exhibited mixed associations and was positively associated with positive and negative emotions and subjective vitality. These findings underscore the need to examine the impact of multiple domains of stress on Chinese adolescent adjustment. Further, identification and intervention for adolescents with elevated peer stress may be particularly helpful for increasing healthy adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).