Research and Verification of a Novel Interferometry Method by Joint Processing of Downlink Pseudo-Noise Ranging and DOR Signals for Deep Space Exploration.

The remarkably long distances covered by deep space probes result in extremely weak downlink signals, which poses great challenges for ground measurement systems. In the current climate, improving the comprehensive utilization of downlink signal power to increase the detection distance or enhance the measurement accuracy is of great significance in deep space exploration. Facing this problem, we analyze the delta Differential One-way Range (ΔDOR) error budget of the X-band of the China Deep Space Network (CDSN). Then, we propose a novel interferometry method that detunes one group of DOR beacons and reuses the clock components of regenerative pseudo-code ranging signals for interferometry delay estimation. The primary advantage of this method is its ability to enhance the power utilization efficiency of downlink signals, thereby facilitating more efficient tracking and measurement without necessitating additional design requirements for deep space transponders. Finally, we analyze and verify the correctness and effectiveness of our proposed method using measured data from CDSN. Our results indicate that the proposed method can save approximately 13% of the downlink signal power and increase the detection distance by about 6.25% using typical modulation parameters. Furthermore, if the relative power of other signal components remains unchanged, the power of the DOR tone can be directly increased by more than 100%, improving the deep space exploration ability more significantly.

[A cross-sectional study of restless legs syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the incidence and possible risk factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in the maintenance hemodialysis patients. METHODS: A total of 375 maintenance hemodialysis patients were enrolled in this study from September 1 to 30 in 2012. The diagnosis and assessment of severity were based on the International Restless Leg Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) standard. The relevant laboratory parameters and dialysis indicators were collected, such as hemoglobin, serum ferritin, parathyroid hormone, blood flow and dialysis mode. The clinical data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method. RESULTS: The incidence of RLS was 13.3% with the severity score of 18.69 ± 0.95. The logistic regression analysis showed that anuria (OR 0.292, 95%CI 0.114-0.750) and ß2 microglobulin (OR 1.023, 95%CI 1.003-1.044) were the risk factors for RLS in the maintenance hemodialysis patients, while hemoglobin, serum iron and parathyroid hormone were not correlated with RLS. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of RLS is high in the maintenance hemodialysis patients. The risk factors of RLS are anuria and ß2 microglobulin. Therefore, the preservation of residual renal function and the improvement of dialysis adequacy, especially the removal of the middle molecular weight toxins, may reduce the occurrence of RLS and improve the quality of life in the hemodialysis patients.

The influence of the location of ordered symbols on the ordinal position effect: The involvement of the task performed.

Since the ordinal position effect was identified, several studies have investigated its mechanism in various contexts; however, how the space location of ordinal symbols influences this effect remains unclear. Thus, the present study explored Chinese words representing the day before yesterday, yesterday, tomorrow, and the day after tomorrow as ordinal symbols to investigate how the stimulus space location influences the ordinal position effect across different task contexts. We randomly and equally presented days on the left or right location of a display and asked participants to perform a stimulus space location, a stimulus colour and a stimulus order classification task in three consecutive experiments, respectively. The results revealed that the spatial stimulus-response compatibility effect and Simon effect prevailed in the stimulus space location and colour classification task. Conversely, the ordinal position effect prevailed in the stimulus order classification task. These results suggested that (1) the spatial stimulus-response compatibility effect (or Simon effect) and the ordinal position effect cannot appear simultaneously in some experimental contexts and that (2) the task context predicted which of these effects prevailed. From these results, we conclude that the ordinal symbols could be coded depending on multiple reference frames, including spatial and non-spatial reference frame, and the use of the reference frame was mediated by the task context.