Mitochondrial KATP channel-mediated autophagy contributes to angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction in mice.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The present study aimed to investigate whether the mitochondrial KATP channel contributes to angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular dysfunction, the development of hypertension, and atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: ApoE (-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet were chronically infused with Ang II for eight weeks and concomitantly treated with losartan (ARB), apocynin, or 5-hydroxy decanoate (5-HD), or 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Systolic blood pressure was measured, and pathological changes of aortic or liver tissue were observed. Nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) levels and vasorelaxation rate were measured, and protein and mRNA expressions were examined by western blot and RT-PCR. Ang II-induced development of hypertension was suppressed not only by ARB, and apocynin but also by 5-HD or 3-MA. Ang II infusion decreased aortic NO production and relaxation, as well as SOD2 activity in liver, which were improved by all treatments. In addition, Ang II-induced activation of autophagy was suppressed by 5-HD in aortic tissue, furthermore, Ang II increases the atherosclerotic index in plasma and exacerbates the development of atherosclerosis by increases of fat deposition in the aorta and liver. Lipid metabolism-related mRNA expressions (LXR-α, LDLR, SRBI, Acca, and FASN) were changed by Ang II. Similarly, not only ARB, and apocynin, but also 5-HD and 3-MA suppressed Ang II-induced these changes. CONCLUSIONS: Our present findings evidence that mitochondrial KATP channel-mediated autophagy contributes to Ang II-induced vascular dysfunction, development of hypertension, and atherosclerosis.

3D CuO nanosheet wrapped nanofilm grown on Cu foil for high-performance non-enzymatic glucose biosensor electrode.

3D binder-free CuO nanosheets wrapped nanofilms has been in situ synthesized on Cu substrate by a simple and facile procedure, with an aim of fabricating high-performance glucose sensor. The complex morphology that the nanosheet grown on Cu subtract evolved into nanofilms and eventually converged to nanowires, is benefit for the mass transport and electro-catalysis. Compared the ECSA of the CuO modified electrode to that of the bare Cu electrode, the effective surface area during the electro-catalysis of the CuO/Cu electrode is much larger. The glucose sensor based on CuO products exhibited high sensitivity (4201µAcm-2mM-1), low detection limit (0.5µmol/L) and quick response time (0.7s). And the stability and selectivity is also fantastic. According to the serum sample analysis, it transpires that the CuO/Cu sensor displayed excellent recovery compared to the concentration values measured by medial method. So this material shows great potential applications in glucose sensors.

Palmar tilt changes due to distal radius fractures and radiocarpal instability: a biomechanical study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of dorsally angulated malunited distal radius fractures on the stability of the radiocarpal joint. METHODS: Eight fresh upper limb specimens from 4 human cadavers were obtained, in which radial osteotomy was performed to prepare models of Frykman I distal radius fracture. Pressure-sensitive film was applied to study the changes in the contact area distribution and the pressure load across the radiocarpal joint in response to palmar tilt variation, and the lateral radiograph of the wrist was taken at the end of pressure loading. RESULTS: When the dorsal tilt exceeded 10 degrees, the radioscaphoid and radiolunate articular contact areas were markedly decreased (P<0.01) and shifted to the dorsal aspect of the radiocarpal joint, where the pressure load was significantly increased (P<0.01). A dorsal radiocarpal subluxation was liable to occur on the sagittal plane when the dorsal tilt exceeded 40 degrees. CONCLUSION: A dorsal tilt over 10 degrees is the most primary cause of radiocarpal instability after a dorsal deformity due to distal radius fractures.

[The establishment of digital model about sagittal split ramus osteotomy and stability analysis of 3 different fixation methods].

PURPOSE: To establish the digital model about sagittal split ramus osteotomy and discuss the stress and displacement of 3 different fixation methods. METHODS: Three-dimensional reconstruction software Mimics and Geomagic were used to establish the three-dimensional entity model of mandible, and simulated sagittal split ramus osteotomy and fixation. Three-dimensional finite element model was established by mesh generation through ANSYS. After boundary constraint the occlusal load of 132N on the bilateral lower first molars was applied. RESULTS: Three-dimensional finite element models of sagittal split ramus osteotomy and 3 different fixation methods were established, and the biomechanical character of stress and displacement after occlusal load preoperatively and after splitting mandibles were found. CONCLUSIONS: As the stress distribution tends to uniformity and the displacement at split area is the least one, the fixation by bicortical screws in inverted-L position after sagittal split ramus osteotomy is the stablest of the 3 fixation methods. Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (S2011010003872) and Science and Technology Projects of Guangzhou City (7421165457455).

[Application of fenestration and suction drainage for treatment of large odontogenic mandibular cystic lesions].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of fenestration and suction drainage in the treatment of large odontogenic mandibular cystic lesions. METHODS: From 2005 to 2009, 24 cases of large odontogenic mandibular cystic lesions were treated with fenestration and suction drainage. The clinical symptoms and radiographical findings were evaluated before the operation and at 1 month and 6 months after suction drainage. RESULTS: Follow-up for 1-3 years showed that all the cystic lesions disappeared without recurrence, and the clinical symptoms were resolved. CONCLUSION: Fenestration and suction drainage can reduce the cystic size and rapidly correct the deformity to serve as a useful modality for primary management of large odontogenic mandibular cystic lesions.

[Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for repairing large tissue defects following oral cancer surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the method for reconstruction of large tissue defects following surgical resection of advanced oral cancer using pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. METHODS: From 2005 to 2009, 40 patients with advanced oral cancer received extensive surgical resection of oral cancer, and the intraoral defects were reconstructed using pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps. RESULTS: All the flaps survived except one flap with partial necrosis. CONCLUSION: Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap is effective for reconstruction of large tissue defects after resection of advanced oral cancer.

[Three-dimensional design of surgery for mandibular retrusion].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of surgical design for mandibular retrusion using three-dimensional software. METHODS: Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed by Mimics software based on the preoperative CT data. The model of the maxillofacial region was imported into Rapidform software for measuring the associated parameters and Geomagic software for simulation of osteotomy. The reliability of the virtual operation was validated during the surgery. RESULTS: The model of mandibular retrusion was reconstructed and successfully used to simulate the surgery. The simulation result was applied in subsequent actual surgery and good surgical outcomes were achieved. CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional software can be used to simulate the surgery for mandibular retrusion and improve the predictability and accuracy of the surgery.

[Expression of MMP1 mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma and paired normal tissues].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the paired normal tissues. METHODS: The differential expression of MMP1 mRNA between 30 OSCC and paired normal tissues were detected with reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The relative expression level of MMP1 mRNA in the OSCC tissues showed a 3.26-fold increase in comparison with that in the paired normal tissues (4.06-/+0.52 vs 1.24-/+0.17, P<0.0001). In the 30 OSCC tissues, the relative expression level of MMP1 mRNA was higher in histological grade II/III tissues (4.31-/+0.68) than in grade I (3.87-/+0.57) tissues, higher in OSCC in advanced stages (III/IV) than in tumors in early stages (I/II) (4.18-/+0.67 vs 3.65-/+0.53), and also higher in OSCC with cervical lymph node invasion than in those without cervical lymph node invasion (4.32-/+0.71 vs 3.91-/+0.51), but these differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: MMP1 gene may play a role in local invasion of OSCC, and can serve as a potential biomarker molecule for diagnosis, treatment and prognostic evaluation of OSCC, with also clinical value for OSCC classification.

[Expression of osteopontin mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate osteopontin (OPN) mRNA expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal oral mucosa tissues. METHODS: Differential OPN gene expression were detected in 30 cancerous tissues and their paired normal tissues using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (real-time RT-PCR), and the data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Real-time RT-PCR results demonstrated that the relative expression level of OPN mRNA in the cancerous tissues were significantly higher than that in paired normal samples (4.17-/+0.51 vs 0.97-/+0.12, P<0.001), showing a 4.3-fold up-regulation. In the 30 OSCC specimens, OPN mRNA expression in the OSCC of histological grades I showed a 3.1-fold down-regulation, significantly lower than the expression in grade II/III tumors (2.16-/+0.17 vs 6.80-/+0.72, P<0.05); its expression was significantly lower in early stage than in advanced stage OSCCs (2.34-/+0.17 vs 4.73-/+0.35, P<0.05). In cases of cervical lymph node metastasis, the expression was significantly higher than that in cases without lymphatic metastasis (6.38-/+0.56 vs 2.89-/+0.32, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: OPN mRNA overexpression may play an important role in OSCC carcinogenesis and can be a potential target for OSCC therapy.

[Observation of blood supplies system to mandible in transparent specimen].

OBJECTIVE: To search for a direct observation method in blood supply system of mandible. METHODS: Six specimens of mandible were made transparent specimens after the vascular system was perfused with Chinese ink from the common carotid artery, and the blood supply system of mandible were observed and analyzed. RESULTS: The distribution of mandibular arteries was distinctly demonstrated in transparent specimens. The normal mandible receives its blood supply from the inferior alveolar artery and the periosteal vessel meshwork. CONCLUSION: The transparent specimen is an effective observation method in blood supply system of mandible.

[Clinical diagnosis and treatment of radionecrosis of the jaws: an analysis of 58 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical therapy for radionecrosis of the jaws. METHODS: To make a clinical analysis of radionecrosis of jaws in 58 cases. RESULTS: Conservative treatment can control the progress of the diseases. The cure rate of radionecrosis of jaws was 93.3% by extensive resection of sequestrum. The survival rate of transplant flap was 97.1% by immediate vascularized tissue graft. CONCLUSION: Radionecrosis of jaws can be cured by extensive resection of sequestrum, immediate vascularized tissue grafts can be used to repair the surgical defect.