[The role of the vascular surgeon in improvement of organization of dialysis help]. / Rol' angiokhirurga v uluchshenii organizatsii dializnoi pomoshchi.

Analysed herein are one-year results of formation of arteriovenous fistulas in 109 patients with end-stage chronic renal failure, as well as therapeutic decision-making after angiosurgical counselling of 144 patients presenting with 'problem' permanent vascular accesses. The counselling and formation of arteriovenous fistulas were carried out in conditions of interdepartmental collaboration between outpatient centres dealing with haemodialysis and vascular surgeons specialized in ultrasound mapping of peripheral vessels and performing different variants of arteriovenous fistulas. The angiosurgical care was as close to the patient as possible. Of the 109 operated patients, primary arteriovenous fistulas were made in 46 (42.2%) cases, secondary AVF - in 27 (24.8%) cases, and reconstruction of AVF - in 36 (33.0%) cases. Of the 144 patients with 'problem' permanent vascular assesses, correction of arteriovenous fistulas turned out impossible in 13 (9.1%). In the remaining 131 (90.9%) patients there was a possibility of different variants of open reconstruction of arteriovenous fistulas or performing angioplasty. Active policy of vascular surgeons in interdepartmental collaboration with nephrologists made it possible to bridge over the difficulties of patients routing which resulted in reduction of the terms of formation of arteriovenous fistulas by 2 months. Preventive arteriovenous fistulas were carried out in 17.4% of cases of primary permanent vascular assesses. During a year after formation of permanent vascular accesses, the number of patients with vascular catheters in ambulatory centres decreased from 22 to 17%. These positive changes in organization of the dialysis treatment made it possible to reduce the risks of infectious complications, to obtain adequate blood flow characteristics for haemodialysis procedures, as well as to decrease financial expenses and labour costs for AVF care.

[The theoretical substantiation of myofunctional correction of sagittal occlusion abnormalities and temporomandibular joint dysfunction].

Simulation in 3D-model of skeletal forms of sagittal malocclusion revealed tendency in tonus' modification of muscles of mastication in formation of distal and mesial occlusion. It's shown that distal occlusion is characterized by hypotonic condition of muscles of mastication, except posterior fibers of temporal muscle. Mesial occlusion is characterized by complex combination of muscle tone with prevalence of hypotonic condition of anterior fibers of temporal muscle, superficial portion of masseter muscle and medial pterygoid muscle. We have detected that using of myofunctional devices in treatment of sagittal malocclusion, temporomandibular joint dysfunction promotes of tone increasing of muscles of mastication.

[Revascularization of myocardium: coronary artery bypass grafting or stenting?].

The aim of the study was comparative analysis of long-term results (5 years) after coronary angioplasty and stenting (CAS) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The results of the treatment of 1100 patients with coronary heart disease, operated since 1999 to 2006 year, were analyzed. 720 (65.5%) patients had undergone CABG (group 1), 226 (20.5%) had had an implantation of stents with pharmaceutical coverage (group 2) 154 (14%) had been implanted with stents without pharmaceutical coverage (group 3). Clinical examination as a rule had occurred before operation, 29-30 days after operation and in every 12 months after discharge from the hospital. Five years survival rate in group of CABG patients was 85.9% and in groups of CAS patients it was 84.1% and 70.8% respectively. Restenosis occurred more frequently in CAS patients: in group 2 in 18.1% patients, in group 3--in 70.1% In group of CABG patients acute myocardial infarction occurred in 11.9% cases to the end of 5th year, in groups 2 and 3 this index was 10.9% and 18.3% respectively. Angina pectoris was absent in 1 year in CABG patients (62%) than in CAS patients (46.7% and 24.3% in groups 2 and 3 respectively; p < 0.05). Comparing results of CAS with use of stents with and without pharmaceutical coverage, the best clinical result was in the group with implanted stents of new generation. Relatively better clinical effect during 5 years occurred in CABG patients.

[The first experience of using 64-cut computer-tomography coronary angiography for clinical examination of officer staff].

The article presents the estimations of capabilities of visualization of coronary arteria using 64-cut multispin computer tomography (MSCTCA) for the purpose of it's using for early detection of coronary atersclerosis. There were examined 50 patients (42 men and 8 women) in the age of 29-78 years old. There was realized an analyze of frequency of occurrence of coronary artersclerosis in dependence of age. By 8 patients data of MSCTCA and KAG were compared. A high frequency of coincidence of results of the researches (88%) was determined. Also were determined evidences for realizing both of these methods. Causes of potential faults of data interpretation were discovered. MSCTCA--a high-effective method of diagnostics of coronary artersclerosis and detection of character and value of stenotic damage of coronary arteria. Received data permit determine practicability of further realization of interventional radiology.

[Comparison of the results of coronary angioplasty and stenting during one year following surgery].

The purpose of the study was to compare long-term results of angioplasty and coronary arterial stenting (CAS) depending on the initial degree of coronary arterial (CA) lesion according to morphological stenosis classification, as well as to evaluate the influence of re-stenosis on myocardial contractility dynamics, anginal recurrence rate, and exercise tolerance. The subjects, 228 men after angioplasty and 184 men after CAS with wire stents without drug coating, were included in the study between 1989 and 2005. Coronarography was repeated in 358 patients one year after surgery. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 161 patients, to who 180 stents were implanted. The second group consisted of 197patients, in who 226 angioplasty procedures were performed. Data were processed using standard variational statistical methods, i.e. the calculation of mean values and standard deviation. Statistical calculations were carried out using Analysis ToolPak- VBA software of Microsoft Excel 2000. The study found that one year after either intervention the number of patients without anginal symptoms fell significantly compared with this number during the in-hospital period. In group 2 the frequency of restenosis was higher and the number of patients with anginal symptoms was significantly bigger than in group 1; the number of asymptomatic patients was significantly bigger in group 1. Initial morphological characteristics of CA lesion had a significant effect on the long-term frequency of restenosis following endovascular treatment. Restenosis was 2 to 2.5 times more frequent in patients with C type CA lesion vs. patients with A type regardless the method of endovascular intervention. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of taking into account initial morphological characteristics of CA lesion; CAS is more preferable than angioplasty, especially in patients with C type CA lesion.