The association between hydration state and the metabolism of phospholipids and amino acids among young adults: a metabolomic analysis.

Background: Water is vital for humans' survival and general health, which is involved in various metabolic activities. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the variation in urine metabolome and associated metabolic pathways among people with different hydration states. Methods: A metabolomic analysis was conducted using 24-h urine samples collected during a cross-sectional study on fluid intake behavior from December 9 to 11, 2021, in Hebei, China. Subjects were divided into the optimal hydration (OH, ≤500 mOsm/kg, n = 21), middle hydration (500-800 mOsm/kg, n = 33), and hypohydration groups (HH, >800 mOsm/kg, n = 13) based on the 3-d average 24-h urine osmolality. Collected 24-h urine samples from 67 subjects (43 males and 34 females) were analyzed for urine metabolome using liquid chromatography-MS. Results: The untargeted metabolomic analysis yielded 1055 metabolites by peak intensities. Integrating the results of the orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis and fold change test, 115 differential metabolites between the OH and HH groups, including phospholipids (PLs) and lysophospholipids, were identified. Among the 115 metabolites identified as differential metabolites, 85 were recorded by the Human Metabolome Database and uploaded to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases for pathway analysis. Twenty-one metabolic pathways were recognized. Phenylalanine metabolism (0.50, P = 0.007), phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis (0.50, P = 0.051), glycerophospholipid metabolism (0.31, P < 0.001), sphingolipid metabolism (0.27, P = 0.029), and cysteine and methionine metabolism (0.10, P = 0.066) had the leading pathway impacts. Conclusions: We found variations in the urinary PLs and amino acids among subjects with different hydration states. Pathways associated with these differential metabolites could further impact various physiologic and pathologic functions. A more comprehensive and in-depth investigation of the physiologic and pathologic impact of the hydration state and the underlying mechanisms to elucidate and advocate optimal fluid intake habits is needed.This trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as ChiCTR2100045268.

Seasonality Affects Fluid Intake Behaviors among Young Adults in Hebei, China.

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the association between environmental factors and fluid intake behavior remains limited. The current study aims to explore seasonal variations in fluid intake behaviors among young adults in China. METHODS: A prospective cohort of 79 healthy young adults (43 males and 36 females) aged 19-21 in Hebei, China, was assessed for fluid intake behaviors for four seasons. For each assessment, the participants' anthropometric measurements were collected. Temperature and humidity on survey days were measured. Participants' total drinking fluid (TDF) was recorded using a self-administrative 7 d, 24 h fluid intake questionnaire. To calculate water from food (WFF), we weighed all foods consumed by participants. Duplicates of consumed food samples were collected to measure the water content via the drying method. RESULTS: The mean total water intake (TWI) was 2761 ± 881, 2551 ± 845, 2210 ± 551, and 1989 ± 579 for spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively (F(2.37) = 42.29, p < 0.001). The volume and proportion of TWI from TDF and WFF varied across the four seasons. The volume of WFF in spring (1361 ± 281, F(2.61) = 17.21, p < 0.001) and TDF in summer (1218 ± 502, F(2.62) = 9.36, p < 0.001) was among the highest, while participants' fluid intake behaviors in spring and summer were less distinct than the other pairwise comparisons. A moderate association was found between outdoor temperature and TDF (r = 0.53, p < 0.01). Different general estimating equations suggested that gender, seasonality, outdoor temperature, differences in indoor and outdoor temperature, and mean temperature were independent factors of TDF. An interactive effect was found for gender and temperature, showing that the expected TDF of males may increase more as the temperature climbs. CONCLUSIONS: Gender, seasonality, and air temperature could significantly affect fluid intake behaviors, including the amount and type of fluid intake. However, the independent effect of BMI and humidity remains unclear.

Characterization of a novel acidophilic, ethanol tolerant and halophilic GH12 ß-1,4-endoglucanase from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 and its synergistic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.

A novel acidophilic GH5 ß-1,4-endoglucanase (TaCel12) from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 was efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris (a 1.5-fold increase). Deglycosylated TaCel12 migrated as a single band (26.5 kDa) in SDS-PAGE. TaCel12 was acidophilic with a pH optimum of 4.0 and displayed great pH stability (>80 % activity over pH 3.0-5.0). TaCel12 exhibited considerable activity towards sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate with Vmax values of 197.97 µmol/min/mg and 119.06 µmol/min/mg, respectively. Moreover, TaCel12 maintained >80 % activity in the presence of 20 % ethanol and 4.28 M NaCl. Additionally, Mn2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ negatively affected TaCel12 activity, while the presence of 5 mM Co2+ significantly increased the enzyme activity. Analysis of action mode revealed that TaCel12 required at least four glucose (cellotetraose) residues for hydrolysis to yield cellobiose and cellotriose. Site-directed mutagenesis results suggested that Glu133 and Glu217 of TaCel12 are crucial catalytic residues, with Asp116 displaying an auxiliary function. Production of soluble sugars from lignocellulose is a crucial step in bioethanol development, and it is noteworthy that TaCel12 could synergistically yield fermentable sugars from corn stover and bagasse, respectively. Thus TaCel12 with excellent properties will be considered a potential biocatalyst for applications in various industries, especially for lignocellulosic biomass conversion.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Fracture Among Children Aged 6-17 Years - China, 2019-2021.

What is already known about this topic?: Fractures are a common and serious injury among children. While many studies have utilized clinical data, there is a lack of large-scale community-based research in China. What is added by this report?: This cross-sectional study provides national and regionally representative data on the prevalence of fractures among Chinese children aged 6-17 years (6.93%), with higher rates observed in males than in females (8.13% vs. 5.71%) and in rural areas compared to urban areas (7.22% vs. 6.62%). The most common site of fracture was the upper limbs (4.24%, accounting for 63.0% of fractures). What are the implications for public health practice?: The need to enhance awareness of fracture prevention is critical, particularly for children in rural areas and males in middle childhood. We recommend that local authorities increase investments in educational programs and child safety oversight. Additionally, promoting balanced diets for children, training in proper exercise techniques, and reinforcing participation in outdoor sports are essential.

Analysis on fluid intake and urination behaviors among the elderly in five cities in China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Fluid intake in the elderly may influence urination behaviors and further influence their health status. This study investigated the behaviors of fluid intake, urination and their relationships among the elderly in China. Methods: Stratified random sampling was used to recruit the elderly participants who met the inclusion criteria from five cities in China. Participants' total fluid intake (TFI) level was investigated using a validated 7-day 24 h fluid intake questionnaire. Their urination behaviors in real time were also recorded using a validated 7-day 24 h urination behavior record. Results: A total of 524 participants completed the study, including 233 males and 291 females. The average age was 69.7 years. The median daily TFI was 1,241 mL, with a frequency of 8.1 times per day. Approximately 73.3% of the participants did not reach the amount of adequate fluid intake (1.7 L for males and 1.5 L for females) recommended in China. Fluid intake in the morning, afternoon, and evening among participants was 594 mL, 305 mL and 342 mL, with a frequency of 3.0 times, 1.7 times, and 2.0 times, respectively. The median urination frequency was 7.4 times per day. The percentage of participants who urinated >7 times during the day was 44.3%. The percentage of participants who urinated ≥1 time at night was 77.5%. Age and BMI were not the main influence factors for fluid intake and urination behaviors. The preliminary analysis showed that higher TFI, plain water intake, dairy products intake, and fluid intake frequency were significantly associated with higher urination frequency (t = 6.553, p < 0.05; t = 5.291, p < 0.05; t = 4.667, p < 0.05; t = 13.413, p < 0.05). Higher fluid intake per time was significantly associated with lower urination frequency (t = -3.562, p < 0.05). Correlations between TFI, fluid intake frequency, fluid intake in night, fluid intake frequency in night and urination at night were also found (r = 0.114, p < 0.05; r = 0.091, p < 0.05; r = 0.146, p < 0.05; r = 0.331, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Fluid intake was inadequate in terms of the elderly participants. Participants with higher fluid intake and frequency in night had a greater incidence of nocturia. Thus, correcting fluid intake behaviors can improve urination behavior and promote health. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/searchprojEN.html, identifier CTR1900023355.