RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are psychiatric disorders with overlapping symptoms, leading to high rates of misdiagnosis due to the lack of biomarkers for differentiation. This study aimed to identify metabolic biomarkers in urine samples for diagnosing MDD and BD, as well as to establish unbiased differential diagnostic models. METHODS: We utilized a metabolomics approach employing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) to analyze the metabolic profiles of urine samples from individuals with MDD (n = 50), BD (n = 12), and healthy controls (n = 50). The identification of urine metabolites was verified using MS data analysis tools and online metabolite databases. RESULTS: Two diagnostic panels consisting of a combination of metabolites and clinical indicators were identified-one for MDD and another for BD. The discriminative capacity of these panels was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9084 for MDD and an AUC value of 0.9017 for BD. CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution mass spectrometry-based assays show promise in identifying urinary biomarkers for depressive disorders. The combination of urine metabolites and clinical indicators is effective in differentiating healthy controls from individuals with MDD and BD. The metabolic pathway indicating oxidative stress is seen to significantly contribute to depressive disorders.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Transtorno Bipolar , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Espectrometria de Massas , Metabolômica , Humanos , Transtorno Bipolar/urina , Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/urina , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/urina , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Curva ROC , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
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