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1.
Cell ; 184(5): 1188-1200.e19, 2021 03 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33577765

RESUMO

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is continuing to disrupt personal lives, global healthcare systems, and economies. Hence, there is an urgent need for a vaccine that prevents viral infection, transmission, and disease. Here, we present a two-component protein-based nanoparticle vaccine that displays multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Immunization studies show that this vaccine induces potent neutralizing antibody responses in mice, rabbits, and cynomolgus macaques. The vaccine-induced immunity protects macaques against a high-dose challenge, resulting in strongly reduced viral infection and replication in the upper and lower airways. These nanoparticles are a promising vaccine candidate to curtail the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Macaca fascicularis , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/química , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Linfócitos B/imunologia , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Animais , Nanopartículas/administração & dosagem , Coelhos , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/sangue , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Carga Viral
2.
Nat Commun ; 14(1): 4036, 2023 07 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37419906

RESUMO

An effective preventive vaccine for hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major unmet need. Antigenic region 3 (AR3) on the E1E2 envelope glycoprotein complex overlaps with the CD81 receptor binding site and represents an important epitope for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and is therefore important for HCV vaccine design. Most AR3 bNAbs utilize the VH1-69 gene and share structural features that define the AR3C-class of HCV bNAbs. In this work, we identify recombinant HCV glycoproteins based on a permuted E2E1 trimer design that bind to the inferred VH1-69 germline precursors of AR3C-class bNAbs. When presented on nanoparticles, these recombinant E2E1 glycoproteins efficiently activate B cells expressing inferred germline AR3C-class bNAb precursors as B cell receptors. Furthermore, we identify critical signatures in three AR3C-class bNAbs that represent two subclasses of AR3C-class bNAbs that will allow refined protein design. These results provide a framework for germline-targeting vaccine design strategies against HCV.


Assuntos
Hepacivirus , Hepatite C , Humanos , Hepacivirus/genética , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Amplamente Neutralizantes , Proteínas do Envelope Viral , Hepatite C/prevenção & controle , Proteínas Recombinantes
3.
Nat Commun ; 13(1): 7271, 2022 11 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36434005

RESUMO

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects approximately 58 million people and causes ~300,000 deaths yearly. The only target for HCV neutralizing antibodies is the highly sequence diverse E1E2 glycoprotein. Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies that recognize conserved cross-neutralizing epitopes is important for an effective HCV vaccine. However, most recombinant HCV glycoprotein vaccines, which usually include only E2, induce only weak neutralizing antibody responses. Here, we describe recombinant soluble E1E2 immunogens that were generated by permutation of the E1 and E2 subunits. We displayed the E2E1 immunogens on two-component nanoparticles and these nanoparticles induce significantly more potent neutralizing antibody responses than E2. Next, we generated mosaic nanoparticles co-displaying six different E2E1 immunogens. These mosaic E2E1 nanoparticles elicit significantly improved neutralization compared to monovalent E2E1 nanoparticles. These results provide a roadmap for the generation of an HCV vaccine that induces potent and broad neutralization.


Assuntos
Hepatite C , Nanopartículas , Vacinas , Humanos , Hepacivirus/genética , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Amplamente Neutralizantes , Proteínas do Envelope Viral , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C , Glicoproteínas
4.
Nat Commun ; 13(1): 4539, 2022 08 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35927266

RESUMO

Delineating the origins and properties of antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is critical for understanding their benefits and potential shortcomings. Therefore, we investigate the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-reactive B cell repertoire in unexposed individuals by flow cytometry and single-cell sequencing. We show that ∼82% of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive B cells harbor a naive phenotype, which represents an unusually high fraction of total human naive B cells (∼0.1%). Approximately 10% of these naive S-reactive B cells share an IGHV1-69/IGKV3-11 B cell receptor pairing, an enrichment of 18-fold compared to the complete naive repertoire. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, we report an average 37-fold enrichment of IGHV1-69/IGKV3-11 B cell receptor pairing in the S-reactive memory B cells compared to the unselected memory repertoire. This class of B cells targets a previously undefined non-neutralizing epitope on the S2 subunit that becomes exposed on S proteins used in approved vaccines when they transition away from the native pre-fusion state because of instability. These findings can help guide the improvement of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Epitopos , Humanos , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos B , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus
5.
NPJ Vaccines ; 6(1): 24, 2021 Feb 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33563983

RESUMO

The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer is poorly immunogenic because it is covered by a dense glycan shield. As a result, recombinant Env glycoproteins generally elicit inadequate antibody levels that neutralize clinically relevant, neutralization-resistant (Tier-2) HIV-1 strains. Multivalent antigen presentation on nanoparticles is an established strategy to increase vaccine-driven immune responses. However, due to nanoparticle instability in vivo, the display of non-native Env structures, and the inaccessibility of many neutralizing antibody (NAb) epitopes, the effects of nanoparticle display are generally modest for Env trimers. Here, we generate two-component self-assembling protein nanoparticles presenting twenty SOSIP trimers of the clade C Tier-2 genotype 16055. We show in a rabbit immunization study that these nanoparticles induce 60-fold higher autologous Tier-2 NAb titers than the corresponding SOSIP trimers. Epitope mapping studies reveal that the presentation of 16055 SOSIP trimers on these nanoparticle focuses antibody responses to an immunodominant apical epitope. Thus, these nanoparticles are a promising platform to improve the immunogenicity of Env trimers with apex-proximate NAb epitopes.

6.
Blood Adv ; 3(4): 621-632, 2019 02 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30804016

RESUMO

Mutations in the gene encoding for complement regulator factor H (FH) severely disrupt its normal function to protect human cells from unwanted complement activation, resulting in diseases such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). aHUS presents with severe hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal disease, leading to end-stage renal failure. Treatment of severe complement-mediated disease, such as aHUS, by inhibiting the terminal complement pathway, has proven to be successful but at the same time fails to preserve the protective role of complement against pathogens. To improve complement regulation on human cells without interfering with antimicrobial activity, we identified an anti-FH monoclonal antibody (mAb) that induced increased FH-mediated protection of primary human endothelial cells from complement, while preserving the complement-mediated killing of bacteria. Moreover, this FH-activating mAb restored complement regulation in sera from aHUS patients carrying various heterozygous mutations in FH known to impair FH function and dysregulate complement activation. Our data suggest that FH normally circulates in a less active conformation and can become more active, allowing enhanced complement regulation on human cells. Antibody-mediated potentiation of FH may serve as a highly effective approach to inhibit unwanted complement activation on human cells in a wide range of hematological diseases while preserving the protective role of complement against pathogens.


Assuntos
Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica Atípica/imunologia , Ativação do Complemento , Células Endoteliais/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica Atípica/sangue , Complemento C3b/imunologia , Fator H do Complemento/análise , Fator H do Complemento/imunologia , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Camundongos
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