Cognitive Dysfunction in Hospitalized Patient with Moderate-to-Severe COVID-19: A 1-Year Prospective Observational Study.

Purpose: To screen the neurocognitive impairment persistent post-COVID-19. Patients and Methods: We assessed the neuropsychiatric disorders associated with COVID-19 in a prospective study, by "Mini-Mental State Examination" (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaires, applied in the discharge to COVID-19 hospitalized patients for moderate and severe forms of disease. They were followed-up in 6 and 12 months. Results: The tests were performed in the baseline and were reevaluated after 6 and 12 months. Baseline cognitive dysfunction was found in 12.4% of patients, according to the MMSE test and in 19.7% by the MoCA scores. Overall cognitive dysfunction in COVID-19 was returned to normal after 6 months, although some tasks are more severe and persistently impaired, such as attention, concentration, short memory, and execution skills. The male gender and the degree of hypoxia, related to the severity of COVID-19 infection, were related to cognitive dysfunction in the study group. Conclusion: Cognitive domain impairments related to COVID-19 could persist over 6 months post-acute infectious episode requiring systematic screening for early diagnosis of progressive brain pathologies and rehabilitation.

Mini-Mental State Examination and proton spectroscopy of the posterior cingulate in Alzheimer disease.

To compare metabolite ratios in the posterior cingulate with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test scores in patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer disease and in controls. METHODS: We evaluated 29 patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer disease and 15 controls by proton spectroscopy with the voxel located in the posterior cingulate. The MMSE was applied to all patients and controls. The metabolic ratios: N-acetyl-aspartate/creatine (Naa/Cr), mio-inositol/creatine (mI/Cr) and mio-inositol/N-acetyl-aspartate (mI/Naa) were obtained and then post-processed using the MRUI software (magnetic resonance user interface). RESULTS: Correlation between Naa/Cr and mI/Naa ratios in the posterior cingulate with the MMSE was observed, and a positive correlation with Naa/Cr and negative correlation with mI/Naa were seen. The mI/r ratio presented no correlation with MMSE scores. CONCLUSION: The positive correlation with Naa/Cr, and negative correlation with mI/Naa may corroborate that neuronal density/viability is associated to a higher MMSE score.

Comparar as razões dos metabólitos obtidas no giro do cíngulo posterior e os escores do Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer leve e moderada em controles cognitivamente normais. MÉTODOS: Nós avaliamos 29 pacientes com doença de Alzheimer leve e moderada e 15 controles utilizando espectroscopia de prótons com volume de interesse único localizado no cíngulo posterior. Os escores do teste MEEM foram aplicados em todos os pacientes e controles. As razões dos metabólitos N-acetil-aspartato/creatina (Naa/Cr), mio-inositol/creatina (mI/Cr) e mio-inositol/-acetil-aspartato (mI/Naa) foram obtidas e pós-processadas usando o software MRUI (magnetic resonance user interface). RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas correlações entre as razões Naa/Cr e mI/Naa obtidas no cíngulo posterior e os escores do teste MEEM, sendo a correlação positiva com o Naa/Cr e negativa com a razão mi/Naa. A razão mio-inositol/creatina não teve correlação com os escores do teste MEEM. CONCLUSÃO: A correlação positiva entre o Naa/cr e negativa entre o mI/Naa podem corroborar a hipótese de que a densidade/viabilidade neuronal está associada a maiores escores no teste MEEM.