RESUMO
GlycoRNA consists of RNAs modified with secretory N-glycans that are presented on the cell surface. Although previous work supported a covalent linkage between RNA and glycans, the direct chemical nature of the RNA-glycan connection was not described. Here, we develop a sensitive and scalable protocol to detect and characterize native glycoRNAs. Leveraging RNA-optimized periodate oxidation and aldehyde ligation (rPAL) and sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS), we identified the modified RNA base 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine (acp3U) as a site of attachment of N-glycans in glycoRNA. rPAL offers sensitivity and robustness as an approach for characterizing direct glycan-RNA linkages occurring in cells, and its flexibility will enable further exploration of glycoRNA biology.
RESUMO
Streptococcus anginosus (S. anginosus) was enriched in the gastric mucosa of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Here, we show that S. anginosus colonized the mouse stomach and induced acute gastritis. S. anginosus infection spontaneously induced progressive chronic gastritis, parietal cell atrophy, mucinous metaplasia, and dysplasia in conventional mice, and the findings were confirmed in germ-free mice. In addition, S. anginosus accelerated GC progression in carcinogen-induced gastric tumorigenesis and YTN16 GC cell allografts. Consistently, S. anginosus disrupted gastric barrier function, promoted cell proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis. Mechanistically, we identified an S. anginosus surface protein, TMPC, that interacts with Annexin A2 (ANXA2) receptor on gastric epithelial cells. Interaction of TMPC with ANXA2 mediated attachment and colonization of S. anginosus and induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. ANXA2 knockout abrogated the induction of MAPK by S. anginosus. Thus, this study reveals S. anginosus as a pathogen that promotes gastric tumorigenesis via direct interactions with gastric epithelial cells in the TMPC-ANXA2-MAPK axis.
Assuntos
Gastrite , Neoplasias Gástricas , Infecções Estreptocócicas , Streptococcus anginosus , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Atrofia/patologia , Carcinogênese , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Mucosa Gástrica , Gastrite/patologia , Inflamação/patologia , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Streptococcus anginosus/fisiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/patologiaRESUMO
Ligands of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway are paracrine signaling molecules that coordinate tissue development in metazoans. A remarkable feature of HH signaling is the repeated use of cholesterol in steps spanning ligand biogenesis, secretion, dispersal, and reception on target cells. A cholesterol molecule covalently attached to HH ligands is used as a molecular baton by transfer proteins to guide their secretion, spread, and reception. On target cells, a signaling circuit composed of a cholesterol transporter and sensor regulates transmission of HH signals across the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm. The repeated use of cholesterol in signaling supports the view that the HH pathway likely evolved by coopting ancient systems to regulate the abundance or organization of sterol-like lipids in membranes.
Assuntos
Colesterol , Proteínas Hedgehog , Proteínas Hedgehog/genética , Proteínas Hedgehog/metabolismo , Ligantes , Colesterol/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Esteróis/metabolismoRESUMO
Chronic stimulation can cause T cell dysfunction and limit the efficacy of cellular immunotherapies. Improved methods are required to compare large numbers of synthetic knockin (KI) sequences to reprogram cell functions. Here, we developed modular pooled KI screening (ModPoKI), an adaptable platform for modular construction of DNA KI libraries using barcoded multicistronic adaptors. We built two ModPoKI libraries of 100 transcription factors (TFs) and 129 natural and synthetic surface receptors (SRs). Over 30 ModPoKI screens across human TCR- and CAR-T cells in diverse conditions identified a transcription factor AP4 (TFAP4) construct that enhanced fitness of chronically stimulated CAR-T cells and anti-cancer function in vitro and in vivo. ModPoKI's modularity allowed us to generate an â¼10,000-member library of TF combinations. Non-viral KI of a combined BATF-TFAP4 polycistronic construct enhanced fitness. Overexpressed BATF and TFAP4 co-occupy and regulate key gene targets to reprogram T cell function. ModPoKI facilitates the discovery of complex gene constructs to program cellular functions.
Assuntos
Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Biblioteca Gênica , Imunoterapia , PesquisaRESUMO
The cellular interior is composed of a variety of microenvironments defined by distinct local compositions and composition-dependent intermolecular interactions. We review the various types of nonspecific interactions between proteins and between proteins and other macromolecules and supramolecular structures that influence the state of association and functional properties of a given protein existing within a particular microenvironment at a particular point in time. The present state of knowledge is summarized, and suggestions for fruitful directions of research are offered.
Assuntos
Bioquímica , Proteínas , Substâncias Macromoleculares , Proteínas/química , Proteínas/genéticaRESUMO
In development, lineage segregation is coordinated in time and space. An important example is the mammalian inner cell mass, in which the primitive endoderm (PrE, founder of the yolk sac) physically segregates from the epiblast (EPI, founder of the fetus). While the molecular requirements have been well studied, the physical mechanisms determining spatial segregation between EPI and PrE remain elusive. Here, we investigate the mechanical basis of EPI and PrE sorting. We find that rather than the differences in static cell surface mechanical parameters as in classical sorting models, it is the differences in surface fluctuations that robustly ensure physical lineage sorting. These differential surface fluctuations systematically correlate with differential cellular fluidity, which we propose together constitute a non-equilibrium sorting mechanism for EPI and PrE lineages. By combining experiments and modeling, we identify cell surface dynamics as a key factor orchestrating the correct spatial segregation of the founder embryonic lineages.
Assuntos
Blastocisto , Embrião de Mamíferos , Endoderma , Animais , Blastocisto/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Linhagem da Célula/fisiologia , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Embrião de Mamíferos/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Endoderma/metabolismo , Mamíferos , Camundongos , Transporte ProteicoRESUMO
The effects of mutations in continuously emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 are a major concern for the performance of rapid antigen tests. To evaluate the impact of mutations on 17 antibodies used in 11 commercially available antigen tests with emergency use authorization, we measured antibody binding for all possible Nucleocapsid point mutations using a mammalian surface-display platform and deep mutational scanning. The results provide a complete map of the antibodies' epitopes and their susceptibility to mutational escape. Our data predict no vulnerabilities for detection of mutations found in variants of concern. We confirm this using the commercial tests and sequence-confirmed COVID-19 patient samples. The antibody escape mutational profiles generated here serve as a valuable resource for predicting the performance of rapid antigen tests against past, current, as well as any possible future variants of SARS-CoV-2, establishing the direct clinical and public health utility of our system.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Epitopos/genética , Humanos , Mamíferos , Mutação , Nucleocapsídeo , SARS-CoV-2/genéticaRESUMO
Neural migration is a critical step during brain development that requires the interactions of cell-surface guidance receptors. Cancer cells often hijack these mechanisms to disseminate. Here, we reveal crystal structures of Uncoordinated-5 receptor D (Unc5D) in complex with morphogen receptor glypican-3 (GPC3), forming an octameric glycoprotein complex. In the complex, four Unc5D molecules pack into an antiparallel bundle, flanked by four GPC3 molecules. Central glycan-glycan interactions are formed by N-linked glycans emanating from GPC3 (N241 in human) and C-mannosylated tryptophans of the Unc5D thrombospondin-like domains. MD simulations, mass spectrometry and structure-based mutants validate the crystallographic data. Anti-GPC3 nanobodies enhance or weaken Unc5-GPC3 binding and, together with mutant proteins, show that Unc5/GPC3 guide migrating pyramidal neurons in the mouse cortex, and cancer cells in an embryonic xenograft neuroblastoma model. The results demonstrate a conserved structural mechanism of cell guidance, where finely balanced Unc5-GPC3 interactions regulate cell migration.
Assuntos
Movimento Celular , Glipicanas/química , Receptores de Netrina/química , Animais , Glipicanas/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Proteínas Mutantes , Receptores de Netrina/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Anticorpos de Domínio Único , TrombospondinasRESUMO
During cell migration or differentiation, cell surface receptors are simultaneously exposed to different ligands. However, it is often unclear how these extracellular signals are integrated. Neogenin (NEO1) acts as an attractive guidance receptor when the Netrin-1 (NET1) ligand binds, but it mediates repulsion via repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) ligands. Here, we show that signal integration occurs through the formation of a ternary NEO1-NET1-RGM complex, which triggers reciprocal silencing of downstream signaling. Our NEO1-NET1-RGM structures reveal a "trimer-of-trimers" super-assembly, which exists in the cell membrane. Super-assembly formation results in inhibition of RGMA-NEO1-mediated growth cone collapse and RGMA- or NET1-NEO1-mediated neuron migration, by preventing formation of signaling-compatible RGM-NEO1 complexes and NET1-induced NEO1 ectodomain clustering. These results illustrate how simultaneous binding of ligands with opposing functions, to a single receptor, does not lead to competition for binding, but to formation of a super-complex that diminishes their functional outputs.
Assuntos
Moléculas de Adesão Celular Neuronais/metabolismo , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Animais , Moléculas de Adesão Celular Neuronais/química , Movimento Celular , Receptor DCC/deficiência , Receptor DCC/genética , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/química , Cones de Crescimento/fisiologia , Humanos , Ventrículos Laterais/citologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/química , Neurônios/citologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogênicas/química , Proteínas Oncogênicas/genética , Ligação Proteica , Multimerização Proteica , Estrutura Quaternária de Proteína , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Cell-surface protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate cell-cell communication, recognition, and responses. We executed an interactome screen of 564 human cell-surface and secreted proteins, most of which are immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins, using a high-throughput, automated ELISA-based screening platform employing a pooled-protein strategy to test all 318,096 PPI combinations. Screen results, augmented by phylogenetic homology analysis, revealed â¼380 previously unreported PPIs. We validated a subset using surface plasmon resonance and cell binding assays. Observed PPIs reveal a large and complex network of interactions both within and across biological systems. We identified new PPIs for receptors with well-characterized ligands and binding partners for "orphan" receptors. New PPIs include proteins expressed on multiple cell types and involved in diverse processes including immune and nervous system development and function, differentiation/proliferation, metabolism, vascularization, and reproduction. These PPIs provide a resource for further biological investigation into their functional relevance and may offer new therapeutic drug targets.
Assuntos
Ligantes , Mapas de Interação de Proteínas/fisiologia , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Receptor DCC/química , Receptor DCC/metabolismo , Humanos , Filogenia , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatases Classe 2 Semelhantes a Receptores/química , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatases Classe 2 Semelhantes a Receptores/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/química , Receptores de Superfície Celular/classificação , Receptores de Interleucina-1/química , Receptores de Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Família de Moléculas de Sinalização da Ativação Linfocitária/química , Família de Moléculas de Sinalização da Ativação Linfocitária/metabolismo , Ressonância de Plasmônio de SuperfícieRESUMO
Cell surface receptors and their interactions play a central role in physiological and pathological signaling. Despite its clinical relevance, the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) remains uncharacterized and underrepresented in databases. Here, we present a systematic extracellular protein map, the IgSF interactome. Using a high-throughput technology to interrogate most single transmembrane receptors for binding to 445 IgSF proteins, we identify over 500 interactions, 82% previously undocumented, and confirm more than 60 receptor-ligand pairs using orthogonal assays. Our study reveals a map of cell-type-specific interactions and the landscape of dysregulated receptor-ligand crosstalk in cancer, including selective loss of function for tumor-associated mutations. Furthermore, investigation of the IgSF interactome in a large cohort of cancer patients identifies interacting protein signatures associated with clinical outcome. The IgSF interactome represents an important resource to fuel biological discoveries and a framework for understanding the functional organization of the surfaceome during homeostasis and disease, ultimately informing therapeutic development.
Assuntos
Imunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Mapas de Interação de Proteínas , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/metabolismo , Comunicação Celular , Análise por Conglomerados , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/química , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/química , Imunoglobulinas/genética , Ligantes , Mutação , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Receptores de Superfície Celular/química , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/citologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
Most bacterial and all archaeal cells are encapsulated by a paracrystalline, protective, and cell-shape-determining proteinaceous surface layer (S-layer). On Gram-negative bacteria, S-layers are anchored to cells via lipopolysaccharide. Here, we report an electron cryomicroscopy structure of the Caulobacter crescentus S-layer bound to the O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide. Using native mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations, we deduce the length of the O-antigen on cells and show how lipopolysaccharide binding and S-layer assembly is regulated by calcium. Finally, we present a near-atomic resolution in situ structure of the complete S-layer using cellular electron cryotomography, showing S-layer arrangement at the tip of the O-antigen. A complete atomic structure of the S-layer shows the power of cellular tomography for in situ structural biology and sheds light on a very abundant class of self-assembling molecules with important roles in prokaryotic physiology with marked potential for synthetic biology and surface-display applications.
Assuntos
Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/ultraestrutura , Caulobacter crescentus/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/ultraestrutura , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/ultraestrutura , Caulobacter crescentus/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Crioeletrônica/métodos , Lipopolissacarídeos/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Tomografia/métodosRESUMO
Molecular interactions at the cellular interface mediate organized assembly of single cells into tissues and, thus, govern the development and physiology of multicellular organisms. Here, we developed a cell-type-specific, spatiotemporally resolved approach to profile cell-surface proteomes in intact tissues. Quantitative profiling of cell-surface proteomes of Drosophila olfactory projection neurons (PNs) in pupae and adults revealed global downregulation of wiring molecules and upregulation of synaptic molecules in the transition from developing to mature PNs. A proteome-instructed in vivo screen identified 20 cell-surface molecules regulating neural circuit assembly, many of which belong to evolutionarily conserved protein families not previously linked to neural development. Genetic analysis further revealed that the lipoprotein receptor LRP1 cell-autonomously controls PN dendrite targeting, contributing to the formation of a precise olfactory map. These findings highlight the power of temporally resolved in situ cell-surface proteomic profiling in discovering regulators of brain wiring.
Assuntos
Condutos Olfatórios/metabolismo , Neurônios Receptores Olfatórios/metabolismo , Proteômica/métodos , Animais , Axônios/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dendritos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Neurogênese/fisiologia , Nervo Olfatório/metabolismo , Condutos Olfatórios/citologia , Condutos Olfatórios/fisiologia , Receptores de Lipoproteínas/metabolismo , Olfato/fisiologiaRESUMO
Hantaviruses are rodent-borne viruses causing serious zoonotic outbreaks worldwide for which no treatment is available. Hantavirus particles are pleomorphic and display a characteristic square surface lattice. The envelope glycoproteins Gn and Gc form heterodimers that further assemble into tetrameric spikes, the lattice building blocks. The glycoproteins, which are the sole targets of neutralizing antibodies, drive virus entry via receptor-mediated endocytosis and endosomal membrane fusion. Here we describe the high-resolution X-ray structures of the heterodimer of Gc and the Gn head and of the homotetrameric Gn base. Docking them into an 11.4-Å-resolution cryoelectron tomography map of the hantavirus surface accounted for the complete extramembrane portion of the viral glycoprotein shell and allowed a detailed description of the surface organization of these pleomorphic virions. Our results, which further revealed a built-in mechanism controlling Gc membrane insertion for fusion, pave the way for immunogen design to protect against pathogenic hantaviruses.
Assuntos
Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/ultraestrutura , Orthohantavírus/química , Glicoproteínas/química , Glicoproteínas/ultraestrutura , Orthohantavírus/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/química , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Conformação Proteica , Vírus de RNA , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/química , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/ultraestrutura , Vírion , Internalização do VírusRESUMO
Mxra8 is a receptor for multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses that cause debilitating acute and chronic musculoskeletal disease in humans. Herein, we present a 2.2 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of Mxra8 and 4 to 5 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of Mxra8 bound to chikungunya (CHIKV) virus-like particles and infectious virus. The Mxra8 ectodomain contains two strand-swapped Ig-like domains oriented in a unique disulfide-linked head-to-head arrangement. Mxra8 binds by wedging into a cleft created by two adjacent CHIKV E2-E1 heterodimers in one trimeric spike and engaging a neighboring spike. Two binding modes are observed with the fully mature VLP, with one Mxra8 binding with unique contacts. Only the high-affinity binding mode was observed in the complex with infectious CHIKV, as viral maturation and E3 occupancy appear to influence receptor binding-site usage. Our studies provide insight into how Mxra8 binds CHIKV and creates a path for developing alphavirus entry inhibitors.
Assuntos
Vírus Chikungunya/química , Proteínas de Membrana/química , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/química , Vírus Chikungunya/metabolismo , Vírus Chikungunya/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Crioeletrônica , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Domínios Proteicos , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/metabolismoRESUMO
Microorganisms often live in habitats characterized by fluid flow, from lakes and oceans to soil and the human body. Bacteria and plankton experience a broad range of flows, from the chaotic motion characteristic of turbulence to smooth flows at boundaries and in confined environments. Flow creates forces and torques that affect the movement, behavior, and spatial distribution of microorganisms and shapes the chemical landscape on which they rely for nutrient acquisition and communication. Methodological advances and closer interactions between physicists and biologists have begun to reveal the importance of flow-microorganism interactions and the adaptations of microorganisms to flow. Here we review selected examples of such interactions from bacteria, phytoplankton, larvae, and zooplankton. We hope that this article will serve as a blueprint for a more in-depth consideration of the effects of flow in the biology of microorganisms and that this discussion will stimulate further multidisciplinary effort in understanding this important component of microorganism habitats.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos Bacterianos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Plâncton/fisiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Animais , Biofilmes , Invertebrados/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Invertebrados/fisiologia , Percepção de QuorumRESUMO
Many critical biological processes take place at hydrophobic:hydrophilic interfaces, and a wide range of organisms produce surface-active proteins and peptides that reduce surface and interfacial tension and mediate growth and development at these boundaries. Microorganisms produce both small lipid-associated peptides and amphipathic proteins that allow growth across water:air boundaries, attachment to surfaces, predation, and improved bioavailability of hydrophobic substrates. Higher-order organisms produce surface-active proteins with a wide variety of functions, including the provision of protective foam environments for vulnerable reproductive stages, evaporative cooling, and gas exchange across airway membranes. In general, the biological functions supported by these diverse polypeptides require them to have an amphipathic nature, and this is achieved by a diverse range of molecular structures, with some proteins undergoing significant conformational change or intermolecular association to generate the structures that are surface active.
Assuntos
Caseínas/química , Glicoproteínas/química , Proteínas de Membrana/química , Proteínas de Neoplasias/química , Fosfoproteínas/química , Surfactantes Pulmonares/química , Tensoativos/química , Animais , Bactérias/química , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , Caseínas/genética , Caseínas/metabolismo , Fungos/química , Fungos/genética , Fungos/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/genética , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Humanos , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Mamíferos , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Conformação Proteica , Surfactantes Pulmonares/metabolismo , Propriedades de Superfície , Tensoativos/metabolismo , Água/química , Água/metabolismoRESUMO
Iron is essential for the survival of most bacteria but presents a significant challenge given its limited bioavailability. Furthermore, the toxicity of iron combined with the need to maintain physiological iron levels within a narrow concentration range requires sophisticated systems to sense, regulate, and transport iron. Most bacteria have evolved mechanisms to chelate and transport ferric iron (Fe3+) via siderophore receptor systems, and pathogenic bacteria have further lowered this barrier by employing mechanisms to utilize the host's hemoproteins. Once internalized, heme is cleaved by both oxidative and nonoxidative mechanisms to release iron. Heme, itself a lipophilic and toxic molecule, presents a significant challenge for transport into the cell. As such, pathogenic bacteria have evolved sophisticated cell surface signaling and transport systems to obtain heme from the host. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of the heme-sensing and transport systems of pathogenic bacteria and the potential of these systems as antimicrobial targets.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/antagonistas & inibidores , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Heme/antagonistas & inibidores , Ferro/metabolismo , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Superfície Celular/antagonistas & inibidores , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Parede Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Parede Celular/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Heme/metabolismo , Metaloporfirinas/síntese química , Metaloporfirinas/farmacologia , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Proteica , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/química , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Sideróforos/antagonistas & inibidores , Sideróforos/biossíntese , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismoRESUMO
Memory CD8+ T cells can be broadly divided into circulating (TCIRCM) and tissue-resident memory T (TRM) populations. Despite well-defined migratory and transcriptional differences, the phenotypic and functional delineation of TCIRCM and TRM cells, particularly across tissues, remains elusive. Here, we utilized an antibody screening platform and machine learning prediction pipeline (InfinityFlow) to profile >200 proteins in TCIRCM and TRM cells in solid organs and barrier locations. High-dimensional analyses revealed unappreciated heterogeneity within TCIRCM and TRM cell lineages across nine different organs after either local or systemic murine infection models. Additionally, we demonstrated the relative effectiveness of strategies allowing for the selective ablation of TCIRCM or TRM populations across organs and identified CD55, KLRG1, CXCR6, and CD38 as stable markers for characterizing memory T cell function during inflammation. Together, these data and analytical framework provide an in-depth resource for memory T cell classification in both steady-state and inflammatory conditions.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Células T de Memória , Camundongos , Animais , Linhagem da Célula , Memória ImunológicaRESUMO
Extensive, large-scale single-cell profiling of healthy human blood at different ages is one of the critical pending tasks required to establish a framework for the systematic understanding of human aging. Here, using single-cell RNA/T cell receptor (TCR)/BCR-seq with protein feature barcoding, we profiled 317 samples from 166 healthy individuals aged 25-85 years old. From this, we generated a dataset from â¼2 million cells that described 55 subpopulations of blood immune cells. Twelve subpopulations changed with age, including the accumulation of GZMK+CD8+ T cells and HLA-DR+CD4+ T cells. In contrast to other T cell memory subsets, transcriptionally distinct NKG2C+GZMB-CD8+ T cells counterintuitively decreased with age. Furthermore, we found a concerted age-associated increase in type 2/interleukin (IL)4-expressing memory subpopulations across CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments (CCR4+CD8+ Tcm and Th2 CD4+ Tmem), suggesting a systematic functional shift in immune homeostasis with age. Our work provides novel insights into healthy human aging and a comprehensive annotated resource.