[Standardized risk-based antibiotic prophylaxis and adhesive film dressing for the prevention of wound infection following cochlear implantation]. / Standardisierte risikobasierte Antibiotikaprophylaxe und adhäsiver Filmverband zur Prävention von Wundinfektion bei Cochleaimplantation.

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus in the pertinent literature regarding the optimal antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) for cochlear implantation (CI). This study evaluates the implementation of standardized risk-based AP combined with application of an adhesive film dressing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All CI cases since September 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for postoperative wound complications. While all patients received preoperative AP with ceftriaxone, postoperative AP after CI in patients older than 7 years was no longer routinely performed in our clinic. Exceptions were made according to predefined criteria for an increased risk of infection. The wound was covered with a transparent adhesive polyurethane film. RESULTS: In 72% of the 219 cases, we did not perform postoperative AP. The overall wound complication rate was 2.7% (in the groups with and without postoperative AP, 4.9% and 1.9%, respectively). Wound infection did not occur in any of the patients without postoperative AP older than 70 years (n = 32), with controlled diabetes mellitus (n = 19), or with reimplantation due to technical defect (n = 19). The film did not need to be changed until the suture material was removed. CONCLUSION: Standardized risk-based AP can avoid prolonged administration of antibiotics in selected patients. The film dressing permits continual examination and sufficient wound protection.

Acute healing outcomes in paediatric partial thickness burns using Epiprotect® and Biobrane®: A retrospective comparative study.

AIM: To compare the acute healing outcomes of Biobrane® and Epiprotect® in paediatric partial thickness (PT) burns. METHODS: All paediatric patients (age <18 years) with PT burns managed using either Biobrane® or Epiprotect® over a 5-year period at our burns unit were included. The primary outcome was time to complete healing. Secondary outcomes included adherence, infection rates, length of hospital stay, duration of acute follow-up and return to the theatre. RESULTS: Among the 99 patients included, 38 received Epiprotect® and 61 received Biobrane®. The mean total body surface area (TBSA) was 6% (range 1%-15%) and median age was 21 months (range 5-169 months). Median time to healing in the Epiprotect® group was 19.5 days and 16 days in the Biobrane® group (P = .14). The median hospitalisation length was the same for both products (2 days, P = .85). Infection rate was lower in the Epiprotect® group (2.6% vs 16.4%, P = .048). There was no difference in adherence rate. These trends were preserved when depth sub-groups were analysed. Adherence and infection rates were not affected by post-operative antibiotics (P > .99 and P = .65, respectively) in either group. The rate of return to the theatre for further surgery was 13.2% for both products (P > .99). CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that acute healing outcomes with Epiprotect® in paediatric PT burns are comparable to those with Biobrane®, with significantly lower infection rates for Epiprotect®. These results suggest that Epiprotect® is a viable alternative to Biobrane®. Nevertheless, further prospective randomised studies are required to investigate the short- and long-term outcomes.

Fingertip injuries and their reconstruction, focusing on nails.

The fingertip is a complex anatomical structure that is frequently injured, especially in manual workers. Different classifications have been reported, considering injury orientation, level and geometry. To optimize treatment planning, the area of soft-tissue defect should be considered. Treatment aims to conserve as long a finger as possible, restore sensation (S3 + or more) and ensure a pleasant esthetic appearance. When amputation occurs, the best treatment is replantation when conditions allow. When this is not possible, the fingertip should be used as a composite graft or the nail complex can be grafted and soft tissue reconstructed, according to the preferred method. In defect without amputation or if the distal part of the finger is not present or not useful, many reconstructive techniques have been described. Depending on the injury, patient characteristics and requirements and the surgeon's skills and experience, the treatments vary from secondary healing to free flaps. In this paper, the various treatment options are described and discussed. Nowadays, considering most variables, the best treatment in fingertip injury is secondary healing with occlusive or non-occlusive dressing, even in case of bone exposure. This simple solution is able to restore a nearly normal fingertip with good sensation without further injuring the hand.

Lesiones de la punta de los dedos tratadas con apósito de sujeción intravenoso / Fingertip injuries treated with semi-occlusive dressings

Objetivo: Demostrar que el vendaje semioclusivo logra una reconstrucción de la falange distal sin dolor residual, sin acortamiento adicional y con buen aspecto estético. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron 47 dedos con lesiones distales que se dividieron en tres grupos: a) con compromiso de piel y tejido celular subcutáneo, b) con lesión adicional de la uña y c) con lesión ósea expuesta agregada. A todos se les colocó un vendaje semioclusivo con un recambio semanal hasta que la herida se curó, aproximadamente en cuatro semanas. Resultados: En 41 de los 47 dedos tratados, los resultados funcionales y estéticos fueron excelentes, con recuperación completa de la sensibilidad distal; 6 pacientes (14%) necesitaron una cirugía agregada, todos ellos en conflicto labo-ral. La media para la curación completa fue de 45.7 días y la media de recambio de apósito fue de tres en total para completar el tratamiento. Conclusiones: Las lesiones de la punta de los dedos, aun con la falange expuesta, pueden ser tratadas de forma sa-tisfactoria con un vendaje semioclusivo, pues se logra una reconstrucción sin dolor residual, sin acortamiento agregado, con bue-na fuerza y sensibilidad, además con un excelente aspecto estético de la falange, es un método económico y fácil de reproducir. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Objective: To demonstrate that semi-occlusive dressings achieve reconstruction of the distal phalanx with no residual pain, no additional shortening, and a satisfactory aesthetic appearance. Materials and Methods: 47 fingers with distal injuries were as-sessed and classified into three groups: a) with skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue involvement, b) with an additional nail injury, and c) with an additional open bone injury. All were covered with a semi-occlusive bandage which was replaced weekly until the wound healed, which took around four weeks. Results: 41 of the 47 treated fingers displayed excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes, with complete recovery of distal sensibility; nevertheless, 6 patients (14%) required additional surgery, all of whom had work conflicts. The average time for complete healing was 45.7 days, with three dressing replacements required to complete treat-ment. Conclusion: Fingertip injuries, even with the phalanx exposed, can be satisfactorily treated with semi-occlusive dressings. Reconstruction is achieved without residual pain, without additional shortening, with good strength and sensitivity, and with an excellent aesthetic appearance of the phalanx. It is also an economical and simple to replicate method. Level of Evidence: IV

Coberturas e agentes tópicos e seus efeitos no tratamento de lesões venosas: revisão integrativa / Coverings and topical agents and their effects on the treatment of venous lesions: integrative review

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura coberturas e agentes tópicos utilizados no tratamento de lesões venosas e descrever os efeitos encontrados. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, com uso dos seguintes descritores: úlcera varicosa; úlcera da perna; curativos oclusivos; terapêutica e suas respectivas traduções em inglês. Incluíram-se artigos publicados no período entre 2014 e 2022, sem limitação de idioma. Resultados: Identificaram-se 22 agentes tópicos/coberturas nos 24 artigos selecionados, com predomínio da carboximetilcelulose (n=4), gel de papaína (n=3) e polihexametileno biguanida (n=2), gel de plaquetas (n=2) e tecnologia como lipido-coloide-nano oligossacarídeo (n=2). Conclusão: Os 22 agentes tópicos/coberturas encontrados foram capazes de acelerar a cicatrização, diminuir o exsudato e tecidos desvitalizados, controlar a carga bacteriana, modular a inflamação e reduzir a dor e o odor. A partir da pesquisa também se identificaram as indicações, os resultados e as recomendações dos agentes/coberturas. Entretanto, ressalta-se a importância da realização de pesquisas clínicas de qualidade que contribuam para o planejamento e a tomada de decisões na assistência de enfermagem às pessoas com lesões venosas. Descritores: Enfermagem; Úlcera Varicosa; Úlcera da Perna; Terapêutica; Curativos Oclusivos

Objective: To identify in the literature the coverings and topical agents used in the treatment of venous lesions and describe the effects found. Methods: Integrative literature review carried out in national and international databases using thefollowing descriptors in Portuguese and English: varicose ulcer, leg ulcer, occlusive dressings, therapy. Articles published between 2014 and 2022 were included, without language limitation. Results: Twenty-two topical agents/coverings were identified in the 24 selected articles, with a predominance of carboxymethylcellulose (n=4), papain gel (n=3) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (n=2), platelet gel (n=2) and technology such as lipid-colloid nano-oligosaccharide (n=2). Conclusion: The 22 topical agents/coverings found were able to accelerate healing, decrease exudate and devitalized tissues, control bacterial load, modulate inflammation, and reduce pain and odor. From the research it was also possible to identify the indications, results and recommendations of the agents/coverings. However, we emphasize the importance of conducting quality clinical research that contributes to planning and decision-making in nursing care for people with venous lesions.Descriptors:Nursing;Varicose Ulcer;Leg Ulcer;Therapy;Occlusive Dressings.

Uso de terapia de presión negativa e injertos en sello en domicilio: caso clínico / Use of negative pressure therapy and punch skin grafting in home seal: clinical case

Introducción: Las úlceras venosas tienen una alta prevalencia, por lo que aumentan los costes sanitarios y empeoran la calidad de vida del paciente. La terapia de presión negativa y los injertos en sello se utilizan en la cura de heridas complejas. Objetivos: Mostrar la eficacia de la terapia de presión negativa y la de los injertos en sello en una úlcera venosa tratada desde atención primaria en el domicilio del paciente. Metodología: Valoración de la lesión, realización de un plan de cuidados personalizado y evolución durante 1 año hasta la cicatrización completa. Resultados: Este trabajo muestras efectos beneficiosos de la terapia de presión negativa, se redujo el exudado, se acortó el tiempo de cicatrización, se controló y eliminó el dolor y, por ende, la calidad de vida del paciente, como también lo hizo en la fase final la aplicación de injertos en sello. Conclusiones: Se muestra la necesidad de abordar un caso clínico desde una perspectiva holística y multidisciplinar fomentando la enfermería basada en la evidencia y empoderando al paciente (AU)

Venous ulcers are highly prevalent, increasing healthcare costs and worsening the patient’s quality of life. Negative pressure therapy (NPT) and seal grafts are used in the healing of complex wounds. Objectives: To show the efficacy of TPN and seal grafts in a venous ulcer treated by primary care at the patient’s home. Methodology: Assessment of the lesion, development of a personalized care plan and evolution during one year until complete healing. Results: This work shows beneficial effects of TPN, reducing exudate, shortening healing time, controlling and eliminating pain and therefore, the patient’s quality of life as well as in the final phase, the application of grafts in seal. Conclusions: It shows the need to approach a clinical case from a holistic and multidisciplinary perspective promoting evidence-based nursing and empowering the patient (AU)

Simplified vacuum dressing system: effectiveness and safety in wounds management

Purpose: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has revolutionized wound care, but its high cost reduces the procedure's availability. To solve the problem, streamlined vacuum dressings systems have been proposed, but the utility of these devices has been poorly studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate a simplified vacuum dressing system model (SVDM). Methods: Randomized clinical trial in which wounds were treated with SVDM compared to a complex occlusive dressing (silver hydrofiber, SHF). The analyzed outcomes were cleaning, presence of granulation tissue, clinical appearance, and indication for surgical closure of wounds. Results: Fifty injuries were treated (25 in each group), most located on lower limbs. SVDM proved to be more effective than SHF in the evaluated outcomes. Wound recalcitrance reduced the effectiveness of the equipment used. Despite its efficacy, complications occurred, the most frequent related to dressing changes: minor bleeding, foam adherence to a wound bed, and pain. Only for bleeding no favorable risk-benefit ratio was found. There were no severe complications, worsening conditions of injuries, or deaths. Conclusions: SVDM proved to be an effective and acceptably safe device for managing studied wounds.

Apósitos con ácido hialurónico y carnosina en curas tópicas seriadas como tratamiento conservador ante una lesión trófica isquémica: una posible alternativa eficaz en casos seleccionados / Topical cures with dressings containing hyaluronic acid and carnosine as a conservative treatment of an ischemic trophic injury: possible effective alternative in selected cases

Las curas tópicas con apósitos que contienen ácido hialurónico y carnosina pueden convertirse en un tratamiento conservador para lesiones tróficas isquémicas, y pueden resultar una posible alternativa eficaz en casos seleccionados. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente citado para realizar la amputación de un dedo del pie que, tras desbridamiento quirúrgico y un procedimiento seriado de curas con Tulgrasum®, un apósito comercial con base de ácido hialurónico y carnosina, fue dado de alta (AU)

Topical cures with dressings containing hyaluronic acid and carnosine may become a conservative treatment for ischemic trophic lesions, and may be a possible alternativee ffective in selected cases. We present the clinical case of apatient summoned to perform the amputation of a toe that, after surgical debridement and a serial dressing procedure with Tulgrasum®, a commercial dressing based on hyaluronic acid and carnosine, was discharged (AU)

Cuidados de enfermagem a recém-nascido com infecção de sítio cirúrgico incisional profunda: relato de caso / Cuidados de enfermería a un recién nacido con infección del sitio quirúrgico incisional profunda: informe de un caso / Nursing care of a newborn with deep incisional surgical site infection: a case report

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever um caso de infecção de sítio cirúrgico do tipo incisional profunda ocorrido em um hospital infantil do Sul do Brasil, evidenciando os cuidados de enfermagem com o recém-nascido. Método Estudo de caso com coleta de dados em prontuário, aprovado pela Instituição e pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos. Resultados A partir do diagnóstico de infecção de sítio cirúrgico, foi estabelecido um plano de cuidados específicos com a lesão, utilizando curativos oclusivos compostos por tecnologias especiais para acelerar o processo de cicatrização por segunda intenção. Conclusão Apesar da gravidade das lesões, o conhecimento científico e a habilidade dos enfermeiros assistenciais no tratamento da infecção de sítio cirúrgico proporcionaram ao neonato a cicatrização completa da ferida operatória e alta hospitalar previamente ao tempo estimado.

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir un caso de infección del sitio quirúrgico incisional profunda ocurrido en un hospital infantil del sur de Brasil, destacando los cuidados de enfermería con el recién nacido. Método Estudio de caso con coleta de datos del expediente, aprobado por la Institución y por el Comité de Ética en Investigación con Seres Humanos. Resultados A partir del diagnóstico de infección del sitio quirúrgico, se estableció un plan de cuidados específicos con la lesión, utilizando apósitos oclusivos compuestos por tecnologías especiales para acelerar el proceso de curación por segunda intención. Conclusión A pesar de la gravedad de las lesiones, el conocimiento científico y la habilidad de los enfermeros en el tratamiento de la infección de sitio quirúrgico proporcionaron al neonato una cicatrización completa de la herida operatoria y alta hospitalaria antes del tiempo estimado.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe a case of deep incisional surgical site infection in a children's hospital in South Brazil, emphasizing the nursing care measures provided to the newborn. Method Case study with data collection from medical record, approved by the institution and the Human Research Ethics Committee. Results From the diagnosis of surgical site infection, a plan was established for specific care of the lesion using occlusive dressings made with technologies aimed at accelerating the second-intention healing process. Conclusion Despite the severity of the lesions, the scientific knowledge and the skill of the nurses during treatment of the surgical site infection provided the newborn with full surgical wound healing and hospital discharge before the estimated moment.

Cobertura profilática para lesões por pressão na face dos profissionais de saúde durante a COVID-19 / Cobertura profiláctica para lesiones por presión en la cara de los profesionales de la salud durante COVID-19 / Prophylactic dressing for pressure injuries in the face of health professionals during COVID-19

Objetivo: propor a elaboração de cobertura profilática para prevenção de lesão por pressão na face de profissionais de saúde pelo uso de máscara durante a pandemia provocada pela Covid-19. Método: trata-se de um estudo metodológico dividido em 2 etapas: revisão narrativa de literatura e elaboração da cobertura profilática, utilizando critérios pré-estabelecidos pelos pesquisadores. Resultados: a cobertura profilática, proposta neste estudo, tem apresentação em rolo, não estéril e deverá ser utilizada somente em pele íntegra. Será composta por uma fita de silicone macio, perfurado, com micro aderência, de 2,5 cm de largura; camada central de espuma extrafina de poliuretano, com 1cm de largura; e parte externa de filme de poliuretano. Conclusão: a proposta da cobertura profilática promoverá a absorção da umidade, reduzirá a pressão e o cisalhamento e, consequentemente, as lesões por pressão na face de profissionais de saúde pelo uso de máscaras de proteção individual. (AU)

Objective: To propose the development of prophylactic dressing to prevent pressure injuries on the face of health professionals by the use of a mask during the pandemic caused by Covid-19. Methods: This a methodological study divided into two stages: narrative review of the literature and elaboration of prophylactic dressing, using pre-established criteria by the researchers. Results: The prophylactic dressing, proposed in this study, has a roll presentation, not sterile and should be used only on intact skin. It will be composed of a soft silicone tape, perforated, with micro-adherence, 2.5 cm wide; central layer of extra-fine polyurethane foam, with 1 cm wide; and external polyurethane film. Conclusions: The prophylactic dressing proposal will promote moisture absorption, will reduce pressure and shear and, consequently, pressure injuries on the face of health professionals through the use of individual protection masks.(AU)

Objetivo: proponer el desarrollo de coberturas profilácticas para prevenir lesiones por presión en el rostro de los profesionales de la salud mediante el uso de mascarilla durante la pandemia causada por Covid-19. Métodos: se trata de un estudio metodológico dividido en 2 etapas: revisión narrativa de la literatura y elaboración de la cobertura profiláctica, utilizando criterios preestablecidos por los investigadores. Resultados: la cobertura profiláctica, propuesta en este estudio, tiene presentación en rollo, no es estéril y debe usarse solo sobre piel intacta. Consistirá en una cinta de silicona microadhesiva perforada, suave y de 2,5 cm de ancho; capa central de espuma de poliuretano extrafina de 1 cm de ancho; y parte exterior de película de poliuretano. Conclusión: la propuesta de cobertura profiláctica promoverá la absorción de humedad, reducirá la presión y el cizallamiento y, en consecuencia, las lesiones por presión en el rostro de los profesionales de la salud mediante el uso de máscaras de protección individual.(AU)

Reconstrucción en amputaciones distales de dedos en niños con injerto compuesto y vendaje semioclusivo / Reconstruction of distal finger amputations in children with composite autograft and semi-oclusive dressing

La reconstrucción de una amputación distal de dedo en un niño es un desafío. Los procedimientos propuestos son muchos, y los resultados no han sido buenos. La reconstrucción con reposición del segmento a modo de injerto compuesto, o con técnicas microquirúrgicas, parece ofrecer la mejor de las posibilidades, pues se conservan estructuras irremplazables, como el lecho ungueal y el hiponiquio, lo que permite que los niños mantengan un pulpejo anatómico y con función normal. Presentamos una serie de tres pacientes pediátricos tratados con una nueva técnica, que combina la reposición del segmento, como un injerto compuesto, y el uso de curación semioclusiva (composite autograft and semi-oclussive dressing, CASOD, en inglés). Hemos observado buenos resultados.

The reconstruction of finger tip amputation in children is challenging. There are many procedures described to treat this injury, none of which present optimal results. Repositioning of the amputated segment as an autograft or with microsurgical techniques seems to offer the best outcome. It enables the preservation of otherwise irreplaceable structures, such as the nail bed and the hyponychium, thus enabling children to mantain an anatomically and functionally normal finger pad. We present a series of three pediatric patients treated with tha new technique, which combines composite autograft and semi-oclusive dressing (CASOD). The results observed so far have been promising.

Custo-minimização de curativos para cateter venoso central: gaze estéril versus filme transparente / Cost-minimization of bandage for central venous catheter: sterile gauze versus transparent film / Minimización de costes del vendage para catéter venoso central: gasa estéril versus película transparente

Objetivo: comparar o custo entre coberturas com filme transparente versus gaze estéril e fita adesiva microporosa em curativos de acesso venoso central. Método: estudo estatístico, prospectivo, observacional, com abordagem quantitativa à luz da avaliação econômica de saúde. Foram avaliadas 109 coberturas com filme e 168 com gaze, durante 27 dias. Na análise utilizouse o Software Tree Age para se calcular a probabilidade de cada decisão. Resultado: a média de uso das coberturas por dia foi de 2,22 inserções cobertas com filme e 3,43 com gaze. Houve necessidade de troca extra em 38 (23%) das coberturas com gaze e em 16 (15%) das coberturas com filme transparente. Observou-se custo final médio para gaze (R$389,44) 3,7 vezes maior que o filme transparente (R$104,95) durante o período estudado. Conclusão: cobertura com filme transparente tem menor custo quando comparado com cobertura com gaze estéril.

Objective: to compare the cost of transparent film and sterile gauze fixed by microporous adhesive tape in central venous access dressings. Method: quantitative, prospective, observational, statistical study in the light of health economics. A total of 109 film and 168 gauze covers were evaluated for 27 days. Tree Age software was used to calculate the probability of each decision. Results: coverings used per day averaged 2.22 with transparent film-covered inserts and 3.43 with gauze. Additional changes were necessary in 38 (23%) coverings with gauze and 16 (15%) with transparent film. During the study period, the average final cost of gauze (R$ 389.44) was 3.7 times higher than transparent film (R$104.95). Conclusion: transparent film dressing is less expensive than sterile gauze covering.

Objetivo: comparar el costo de la película transparente y la gasa estéril fijada con cinta adhesiva microporosa en apósitos de acceso venoso central. Método: estudio cuantitativo, prospectivo, observacional, estadístico a la luz de la economía de la salud. Se evaluaron un total de 109 películas y 168 cubiertas de gasa durante 27 días. Se utilizó el software Tree Age para calcular la probabilidad de cada decisión. Resultados: los recubrimientos utilizados por día promediaron 2,22 con inserciones transparentes recubiertas con película y 3,43 con gasas. Fueron necesarios cambios adicionales en 38 (23%) revestimientos con gasa y 16 (15%) con película transparente. Durante el período de estudio, el costo final promedio de la gasa (R $ 389,44) fue 3,7 veces superior al de la película transparente (R $ 104,95). Conclusión: el apósito de película transparente es menos costoso que el recubrimiento de gasa estéril.

Avaliação das prescrições de enfermagem e médicas para curativos em um hospital universitário: implicações éticas / Evaluation of nursing and medical prescriptions for dressings in a university hospital: ethical implications

Objetivo: Analisar as prescrições de curativo realizadas por enfermeiros e médicos quanto a clareza e a adequabilidade do produto prescrito as características da ferida, bem como analisar as implicações éticas desse contexto. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo quantitativo, realizado em um hospital universitário do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Compuseram a amostra 180 prescrições de curativos obtidas em prontuários de pacientes com feridas, e as características das feridas foram coletadas por meio de instrumento tipo checklist. Resultados: 92,2% dos registros apresentavam prescrições para a realização dos curativos. Em 7,8% dos registros não havia prescrição de curativos. 93,9% das prescrições estavam incompletas, sendo que em 31,4% foi encontrado divergência entre prescrições de enfermagem e médica no mesmo registro diário. Em 32,3% não havia especificação do produto a ser utilizado no curativo. Em 38,3% a prescrição do produto foi inadequada às características das feridas. Conclusão: Foram evidenciadas fragilidades nas prescrições de curativo que implicam infrações éticas. Os achados reforçam a necessidade de capacitação da equipe e maiores investimentos na formação do profissional em tratamento de feridas. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the dressing prescriptions made by nurses and doctors regarding the clarity and suitability of the prescribed product to the characteristics of the wound, as well as to analyze the ethical implications of this context. Methods: Quantitative descriptive study, carried out in a university hospital in the Brazilian Midwest. The sample comprised 180 dressing prescriptions obtained from medical records of patients with wounds, and the characteristics of the wounds were collected using a checklist-type instrument. Results: 92.2% of the records had prescriptions for dressing. In 7.8% of the records there was no prescription for dressings. 93.9% of prescriptions were incomplete, and in 31.4% there was a divergence between nursing and medical prescriptions in the same daily record. In 32.3% there was no specification of the product to be used in the dressing. In 38.3% the prescription of the product was inadequate to the characteristics of the wounds. Conclusion: Weaknesses in dressing prescriptions that imply ethical infractions were evidenced. The findings reinforce the need for staff training and greater investments in training professionals in wound care. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar las prescripciones de apósitos realizadas por enfermeras y médicos sobre la claridad e idoneidad del producto prescrito a las características de la herida, así como analizar las implicaciones éticas de este contexto. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo cuantitativo, realizado en un hospital universitario del Medio Oeste brasileño. La muestra estuvo fue compuesta por 180 prescripciones de apósitos obtenidas de historias clínicas de pacientes con heridas, y las características de las heridas se recolectaron mediante un instrumento tipo checklist. Resultados: el 92,2% de los registros tenía prescripción de aposito. En el 7,8% de los registros no había prescripción de apósitos. El 93,9% de las prescripciones estaban incompletas y en el 31,4% había divergencia entre las prescripciones médicas y de enfermería en un mismo registro diario. En el 32,3% no se especificó el producto a utilizar en el apósito. En el 38,3% la prescripción del producto fue inadecuada a las características de las heridas. Conclusión: Se evidenciaron debilidades en la preparación de prescripciones que implican infracciones éticas. Los hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad de capacitación del personal y mayores inversiones en la capacitación de profesionales en el cuidado de heridas. (AU)

Tratamiento de quemaduras mediante plasma heterólogo rico en plaquetas (PRPh). A propósito de un caso pediátrico / Treatmen of burns by heterologous rich platelet plasma (hRPP). About a pediatric case report

Presentamos un caso en el que empleamos con éxito plasma rico en plaquetas heterólogo (PRPh) para la reparación de una quemadura de difícil evolución en un paciente pediátrico. Mostramos la seguridad y eficacia del uso del PRPh proveniente de la madre en un caso de quemadura AB-A por agua caliente. Se trata de una paciente de 3 años de edad que fue intervenida quirúrgicamente en otro centro, sin resultados positivos y profundizándose, por lo que se vio complicada su recuperación. El objetivo fue regenerar el tejido afectado e inducir de manera asistida la formación de tejido epitelial utilizando PRPh de la madre de la paciente. Aplicamos técnica de curación cerrada en 2 sesiones ambulatorias mediante la aplicación de PRPh sin necesidad de procedimientos adicionales. No se presentaron complicaciones, signos de rechazo ni infecciones y la recuperación se obtuvo en 14 días

The safety and efficacy of the use of heterologous rich platelet plasma (hRPP) from the mother is shown in a case of AB-A burn by hot water. This is a 3-year-old patient who was surgically operated in another center, without positive results and deepening, so recovery was complicated. The objective was to regenerate the affected tissue and to induce in an assisted way the formation of epithelial tissue using hRPP from the patient's mother. We apply the closed healing technique in 2 outpatient sessions by applying hRPP without the need for additional procedures. There were no complications, signs of rejection or infections, and their recovery was obtained in 14 days

Uso de productos barrera para prevenir complicaciones en la piel periestomal / Use of barrier products in order to prevent complications in the peristomal skin

OBJETIVO: evaluar la eficacia del uso de un aerosol protector barrera para la prevención de la maceración e irritación de la piel periestomal, en el paciente quirúrgico, antes de la colocación de los discos, y valorar la eficacia de la aplicación de dicho aerosol previo a la retirada de los adhesivos. MÉTODO: se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico aleatorizado con dos grupos de comparación: grupo control (cura habitual) y grupo experimental (cura habitual + aplicación de aerosol como método barrera antes de la colocación del disco y spray quita-adhesivo para su retirada). Se incluyeron a los pacientes ostomizados en el Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina (Parla, Madrid) en 2019, atendidos en la Consulta de Cirugía General. Se aleatorizaron a dos grupos, 15 por grupo. Se recogieron variables descriptivas el día de la captación y de resultado a los 10 días del seguimiento. Se llevaron a cabo análisis univariante y bivariante. La relación entre las distintas variables se evaluó mediante pruebas estadísticas. RESULTADOS: se aleatorizaron 30 pacientes, 15 en grupo control y 15 en grupo experimental. Se observaron diferencias clínicas en los grupos de comparación al inicio del estudio. Al comparar las variables de resultado a los 10 días de la cirugía en los dos grupos del estudio, se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la presencia de complicaciones en la piel periestomal (p< 0,001) con un 80% (n= 12) en el grupo control frente al 6,7% (n= 1) en el grupo experimental, y en el tipo de complicaciones entre ambos grupos (0,002), destacando las lesiones de tipo L2 Erosivas. CONCLUSIONES: la utilización tanto de un aerosol protector barrera sobre la piel del paciente antes de la colocación del disco de ostomías como la aplicación para su retirada de un spray quita-adhesivo, parece reducir el riesgo de complicaciones en la piel periestomal en el paciente quirúrgico

OBJECTIVES: to assess the efficacy of using a protective barrier spray for preventing peristomal skin maceration and irritation in surgical patients before disc placement, and to assess the efficacy of the application of said spray before removing the adhesive discs. METHOD: a randomized clinical trial was conducted with two comparison arms: the control group (standard cure) and the experimental arm (standard cure + application of spray as barrier method before disc placement and adhesive remover spray for removing them). The study included ostomized patients from the Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina (Parla, Madrid) in 2019, seen at the General Surgery Unit. Patients were randomly assigned to two 15-patient arms. Descriptive variables were collected on recruitment day, and for outcomes at 10 days follow-up. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. The relationship between different variables was evaluated through statistical tests. RESULTS: thirty (30) patients were randomized, 15 patients to the control arm and 15 patients to the experimental arm. Clinical differences were observed in the comparison arms at study initiation. When comparing the outcome variables at 10 days after surgery in the two study arms, statistically significant differences were observed regarding the presence of complications in the peristomal skin (p< 0.001) with 80% (n= 12) in the control arm vs. 6.7% (n= 1) in the experimental arm, and in terms of type of complications between both arms (0,002), particularly L2-type erosive lesions. CONCLUSIONS: the use of a protective barrier spray on the skin of the patient before placing the ostomy disc as well as the application of an adhesive remover spray for removal seems to reduce the risk of complications in the peristomal skin of surgical patients

Uso de antisépticos y antibióticos en el manejo de la carga bacteriana de heridas crónicas / Use of antiseptics and antibiotics in the management of the bacterial load of chronic wounds

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar la eficacia de diferentes apósitos antisépticos y antibióticos locales tópicos en heridas crónicas infectadas o con signos de colonización crítica. METODOLOGÍA: Para la elaboración de esta revisión exploratoria se han empleado varias bases de datos (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cuiden, Cochrane y LILACS), utilizando cadenas de búsqueda adaptadas a cada base. Se han incluido diferentes tipos de estudios originales y revisiones sobre la cicatrización, la curación completa y/o el coste-beneficio, realizando una estimación de los costes de los tratamientos según la disponibilidad de datos. Se han excluido estudios sobre quemaduras, literatura gris, casos clínicos o series de casos. RESULTADOS: Se han seleccionado 20 artículos, de los cuales 17 son estudios originales y 3 son revisiones; 19 artículos tratan sobre apósitos antisépticos y 3 sobre antibióticos locales tópicos utilizados en heridas crónicas infectadas o con signos de colonización crítica, obteniéndose datos sobre el efecto que producen en la cicatrización, la curación completa y/o el coste-beneficio. Todos los productos hallados tienen buenos resultados, aunque el más utilizado y eficaz en estas heridas es la plata. CONCLUSIONES: La plata es el producto más eficaz para la curación completa o la disminución del tamaño; resulta muy rentable, ya que los costes de los tratamientos con plata son menores y se obtienen mayores beneficios para el paciente. El cloruro de diaquilcarbamilo es una buena alternativa, debido a que es un producto muy eficaz y rentable

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to analyze the efficacy of different antiseptic dressings and local topical antibiotics in infected chronic wounds or with signs of critical colonization. METHODOLOGY: For the elaboration of this exploratory review several databases have been used (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cuiden, Cochrane and LILACS), using search chains adapted to each base. Different types of original studies and reviews on healing, complete healing and/or cost-benefit have been included, making an estimate of the costs of the treatments according to the availability of data. Studies on burns, gray literature, clinical cases or cases series have been excluded. RESULTS: 20 articles have been included, of which 17 are original studies and 3 are reviews, obtaining that 19 articles treat on antiseptic dressings and 3 on local topical antibiotics used in infected chronic wounds or with signs of critical colonization, obtaining data on the effect that they produce in healing, complete healing and/or cost-benefit. All the products found have good results, although the most used and effective in these wounds is silver. CONCLUSIONS: Silver is the most effective product for the complete healing or reducing size, being very profitable, since the costs of silver treatments are lower, obtaining greater benefits for the patient. The dialkylcarbamoyl chloride is a good alternative, because it is a very effective and profitable product

Perfil microbiológico da colonização do sítio de inserção do cateter venoso central considerando dois curativos transparentes / Microbiological assessment of the colonization of a central venous catheter insertion site considering two transparent dressings

RESUMO: Modelo do Estudo: estudo transversal da fase prospectiva de um ensaio clínico. Objetivo: identificar os microrganismos e a sensibilidade antimicrobiana no sítio de inserção do cateter venoso central coberto pelo curativo gel de clorexidina ou pelo filme transparente de poliuretano. Metodologia: estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado com adultos críticos no período de abril a dezembro de 2014 em um hospital universitário no interior do estado de São Paulo. Imediatamente após a retirada do curativo, foi coletada amostra de swab da pele do sítio de inserção do cateter, semeado em placas de Agar sangue e Agar MacConkey e incubadas em estufas bacteriológicas a 35 °C. Nas amostras que apresen-taram crescimento bacteriano após 24 horas de incubação, foram realizados testes de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos utilizando o equipamento automatizado Vitek II (Biomerieux®). Resultados: 45 pacientes fizeram uso do curativo gel de clorexidina e 47 utilizaram o filme transparente de poliuretano. No grupo com o curativo gel de clorexidina houve crescimento dos microrganismos Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis em 13 amostras de swabs. O Staphylococcus aureusapresentou resistência a oxacilina. No grupo do filme transparente de poliuretano seis amostras foram positivas com o crescimento de Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus e Klebsiella pneumoniae, esta resistente a amicacina (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase - KPC). Conclusão: os resultados demonstram maior crescimento bacteriano no sítio de inserção do cateter venoso central coberto pelo curativo gel de clorexidina quando comparado ao filme transparente de poliuretano. (AU)

ABSTRACT: Study design: a prospective, cross-sectional study. Objectives: identify microbiological growth at the insertion site of the central venous catheter covered by a chlorhexidine impregnated dressing or a transparent polyurethane dressing, and identify antimicrobial sensitivity. Methods: immediately after dressing removal, a skin swab was collected from the catheter insertion site and seeded in blood agar plates and MacConkey agar, then incubated in bacteriological incubators at 35 °C. After 24 hours, the plates were analyzed to verify the presence of microbial growth. In the samples that displayed microbial growth, the identification and the sensitivity test were performed using the automated equipment Vitek II (Biomerieux®). Results: A total of 45 patients were treated with chlorhexidine impregnated dressing and 47 with transparent polyurethane dressing. In the chlorhexidine dressing group, 13 swabs samples presented with microbial growth of the following bacterial populations: Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus presented resistance to oxacillin. In the transparent polyurethane dressing group, six samples were positive for the growth of Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and amikacin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (Klebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase - KPC). Conclusion: The results demonstrate higher bacterial growth in the chlorhexidine impregnated dressing compared to the transparent polyurethane dressing. (AU)

Cicatrização e tratamento de feridas: a interface do conhecimento à prática do Enfermeiro / Wound healing and treatment: the interface of knowledge to the practice of the Nurse

Objetivos: determinar o nível de conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre cicatrização e tratamento de feridas e avaliar a indicação e o tempo de permanência dos produtos utilizados no curativo. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em um hospital universitário, com a aplicação de questionário para verificação do nível de conhecimento e observação da prática de curativo realizado pelo enfermeiro, quanto a indicação e o tempo de permanência dos produtos. Resultados: Constatou-se baixo conhecimento nos parâmetros: debridamento, exsudato, biofilme e sinais de infecção e em 48,5% das feridas avaliadas a indicação inadequada de produtos ou coberturas. Também foi inadequado, o tempo de permanência dos produtos com recomendação de troca entre 5 e 7 dias. Conclusões: O artigo destaca que os temas debridamento, exsudato, biofilmes e indicação e permanência de produtos devem ser reforçados nos centros formadores e na qualificação em serviço. (AU)

Objectives: To determine the level of knowledge of nurses about wound healing and treatment and to evaluate the indication and the residence time of the products used in the dressing. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in a university hospital, with the application of a questionnaire to verify the level of knowledge (N = 18 nurses) and observation of the dressing practice performed by the nurse, regarding the indication and length of stay (N = 110 dressing observations). Results: Low knowledge on the parameters: debridement, exudate, biofilm and signs of infection were observed, and from the observations, inadequate indication of products was found in 48.5%, as well as the time of permanence of those products was inadequate. exchange recommendation between five and seven days. Conclusion: It should be emphasized that the debridement, exudate, biofilms, and indication and length of stay of products should be reinforced in the training centers and in-service qualification. (AU)

Objetivos: determinar el nivel de conocimiento de enfermeros sobre cicatrización y tratamiento de heridas y evaluar la indicación y el tiempo de permanencia de los productos utilizados en el vendaje. En el presente trabajo se analizaron los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de los resultados obtenidos, tiempo de permanencia de los productos (N = 110 observaciones de curativos). Resultados: Se constató bajo conocimiento en los parámetros: debridamiento, exudado, biofilm y signos de infección y, a partir de las observaciones, se encontró una indicación inadecuada de productos en el 48,5%, así como fue inadecuado el tiempo de permanencia de aquellos productos con recomendación de intercambio entre cinco y siete días. Conclusión: Se destaca que los temas debridamiento, exudado, biopelículas y indicación y tiempo de permanencia de productos deben ser reforzados en los centros formadores y en la calificación en servicio. (AU)