RESUMO
This study has followed a birth cohort for over 20 years to find factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorder (ND) diagnosis. Detailed, early-life longitudinal questionnaires captured infection and antibiotic events, stress, prenatal factors, family history, and more. Biomarkers including cord serum metabolome and lipidome, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype, infant microbiota, and stool metabolome were assessed. Among the 16,440 Swedish children followed across time, 1,197 developed an ND. Significant associations emerged for future ND diagnosis in general and for specific ND subtypes, spanning intellectual disability, speech disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism. This investigation revealed microbiome connections to future diagnosis as well as early emerging mood and gastrointestinal problems. The findings suggest links to immunodysregulation and metabolism, compounded by stress, early-life infection, and antibiotics. The convergence of infant biomarkers and risk factors in this prospective, longitudinal study on a large-scale population establishes a foundation for early-life prediction and intervention in neurodevelopment.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Gravidez , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/microbiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Prospectivos , Fezes/microbiologia , Transtornos do Humor/microbiologiaRESUMO
Accumulating evidence suggests that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with an altered gut microbiome. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms has been hindered by lack of matched multi-omic data with diagnostic biomarkers. To comprehensively profile gut microbiome contributions to CVD, we generated stool metagenomics and metabolomics from 1,429 Framingham Heart Study participants. We identified blood lipids and cardiovascular health measurements associated with microbiome and metabolome composition. Integrated analysis revealed microbial pathways implicated in CVD, including flavonoid, γ-butyrobetaine, and cholesterol metabolism. Species from the Oscillibacter genus were associated with decreased fecal and plasma cholesterol levels. Using functional prediction and in vitro characterization of multiple representative human gut Oscillibacter isolates, we uncovered conserved cholesterol-metabolizing capabilities, including glycosylation and dehydrogenation. These findings suggest that cholesterol metabolism is a broad property of phylogenetically diverse Oscillibacter spp., with potential benefits for lipid homeostasis and cardiovascular health.
Assuntos
Bactérias , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Colesterol , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Bactérias/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Colesterol/análise , Colesterol/sangue , Colesterol/metabolismo , Fezes/química , Estudos Longitudinais , Metaboloma , Metabolômica , RNA Ribossômico 16S/metabolismoRESUMO
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) represent an emerging global crisis. However, quantifiable risk factors for PASC and their biological associations are poorly resolved. We executed a deep multi-omic, longitudinal investigation of 309 COVID-19 patients from initial diagnosis to convalescence (2-3 months later), integrated with clinical data and patient-reported symptoms. We resolved four PASC-anticipating risk factors at the time of initial COVID-19 diagnosis: type 2 diabetes, SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia, Epstein-Barr virus viremia, and specific auto-antibodies. In patients with gastrointestinal PASC, SARS-CoV-2-specific and CMV-specific CD8+ T cells exhibited unique dynamics during recovery from COVID-19. Analysis of symptom-associated immunological signatures revealed coordinated immunity polarization into four endotypes, exhibiting divergent acute severity and PASC. We find that immunological associations between PASC factors diminish over time, leading to distinct convalescent immune states. Detectability of most PASC factors at COVID-19 diagnosis emphasizes the importance of early disease measurements for understanding emergent chronic conditions and suggests PASC treatment strategies.
Assuntos
COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Convalescença , Imunidade Adaptativa/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/patologia , COVID-19/virologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Inata/genética , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Transcriptoma , Adulto Jovem , Síndrome de COVID-19 Pós-AgudaRESUMO
By following up the gut microbiome, 51 human phenotypes and plasma levels of 1,183 metabolites in 338 individuals after 4 years, we characterize microbial stability and variation in relation to host physiology. Using these individual-specific and temporally stable microbial profiles, including bacterial SNPs and structural variations, we develop a microbial fingerprinting method that shows up to 85% accuracy in classifying metagenomic samples taken 4 years apart. Application of our fingerprinting method to the independent HMP cohort results in 95% accuracy for samples taken 1 year apart. We further observe temporal changes in the abundance of multiple bacterial species, metabolic pathways, and structural variation, as well as strain replacement. We report 190 longitudinal microbial associations with host phenotypes and 519 associations with plasma metabolites. These associations are enriched for cardiometabolic traits, vitamin B, and uremic toxins. Finally, mediation analysis suggests that the gut microbiome may influence cardiometabolic health through its metabolites.
Assuntos
Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Metaboloma , Metagenoma , Microbiota , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Instabilidade Genômica , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
COVID-19 exhibits extensive patient-to-patient heterogeneity. To link immune response variation to disease severity and outcome over time, we longitudinally assessed circulating proteins as well as 188 surface protein markers, transcriptome, and T cell receptor sequence simultaneously in single peripheral immune cells from COVID-19 patients. Conditional-independence network analysis revealed primary correlates of disease severity, including gene expression signatures of apoptosis in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and attenuated inflammation but increased fatty acid metabolism in CD56dimCD16hi NK cells linked positively to circulating interleukin (IL)-15. CD8+ T cell activation was apparent without signs of exhaustion. Although cellular inflammation was depressed in severe patients early after hospitalization, it became elevated by days 17-23 post symptom onset, suggestive of a late wave of inflammatory responses. Furthermore, circulating protein trajectories at this time were divergent between and predictive of recovery versus fatal outcomes. Our findings stress the importance of timing in the analysis, clinical monitoring, and therapeutic intervention of COVID-19.
Assuntos
COVID-19/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , COVID-19/mortalidade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Células Dendríticas/citologia , Feminino , Humanos , Células Matadoras Naturais/citologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transcriptoma/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed a significant challenge for risk evaluation and mitigation among cancer patients. Susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19 in cancer patients has not been studied in a prospective and broadly applicable manner. CAPTURE is a pan-cancer, longitudinal immune profiling study designed to address this knowledge gap.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Monitorização Imunológica/métodos , Neoplasias/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/virologia , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/imunologiaRESUMO
Acute physical activity leads to several changes in metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune pathways. Although studies have examined selected changes in these pathways, the system-wide molecular response to an acute bout of exercise has not been fully characterized. We performed longitudinal multi-omic profiling of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells including metabolome, lipidome, immunome, proteome, and transcriptome from 36 well-characterized volunteers, before and after a controlled bout of symptom-limited exercise. Time-series analysis revealed thousands of molecular changes and an orchestrated choreography of biological processes involving energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, tissue repair, and growth factor response, as well as regulatory pathways. Most of these processes were dampened and some were reversed in insulin-resistant participants. Finally, we discovered biological pathways involved in cardiopulmonary exercise response and developed prediction models revealing potential resting blood-based biomarkers of peak oxygen consumption.
Assuntos
Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Idoso , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Metaboloma , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxigênio , Proteoma , TranscriptomaRESUMO
The gut microbiome has been implicated in multiple human chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Determining its mechanistic role in disease has been difficult due to apparent disconnects between animal and human studies and lack of an integrated multi-omics view of disease-specific physiological changes. We integrated longitudinal multi-omics data from the gut microbiome, metabolome, host epigenome, and transcriptome in the context of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) host physiology. We identified IBS subtype-specific and symptom-related variation in microbial composition and function. A subset of identified changes in microbial metabolites correspond to host physiological mechanisms that are relevant to IBS. By integrating multiple data layers, we identified purine metabolism as a novel host-microbial metabolic pathway in IBS with translational potential. Our study highlights the importance of longitudinal sampling and integrating complementary multi-omics data to identify functional mechanisms that can serve as therapeutic targets in a comprehensive treatment strategy for chronic GI diseases. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/metabolismo , Metaboloma , Purinas/metabolismo , Transcriptoma/genética , Animais , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Biópsia , Butiratos/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida , Estudos Transversais , Epigenômica , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Interações entre Hospedeiro e Microrganismos/genética , Humanos , Hipoxantina/metabolismo , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/genética , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/microbiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Metaboloma/fisiologia , Camundongos , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Estudos Prospectivos , Software , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Transcriptoma/fisiologiaRESUMO
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has unprecedented implications for public health, social life, and the world economy. Because approved drugs and vaccines are limited or not available, new options for COVID-19 treatment and prevention are in high demand. To identify SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies, we analyzed the antibody response of 12 COVID-19 patients from 8 to 69 days after diagnosis. By screening 4,313 SARS-CoV-2-reactive B cells, we isolated 255 antibodies from different time points as early as 8 days after diagnosis. Of these, 28 potently neutralized authentic SARS-CoV-2 with IC100 as low as 0.04 µg/mL, showing a broad spectrum of variable (V) genes and low levels of somatic mutations. Interestingly, potential precursor sequences were identified in naive B cell repertoires from 48 healthy individuals who were sampled before the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies are readily generated from a diverse pool of precursors, fostering hope for rapid induction of a protective immune response upon vaccination.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/genética , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/genética , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Betacoronavirus/imunologia , COVID-19 , Humanos , Região Variável de Imunoglobulina/genética , Região Variável de Imunoglobulina/imunologia , Memória Imunológica , Estudos Longitudinais , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Hipermutação Somática de ImunoglobulinaRESUMO
A longitudinal study by Davis et al. followed the evolution of antibody responses in four survivors of the 2014 Ebola outbreak treated in the United States and provides insight into the emergence of neutralizing antibodies long after convalescence.
Assuntos
Ebolavirus/imunologia , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Linfócitos B , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Severe obesity is a rapidly growing global health threat. Although often attributed to unhealthy lifestyle choices or environmental factors, obesity is known to be heritable and highly polygenic; the majority of inherited susceptibility is related to the cumulative effect of many common DNA variants. Here we derive and validate a new polygenic predictor comprised of 2.1 million common variants to quantify this susceptibility and test this predictor in more than 300,000 individuals ranging from middle age to birth. Among middle-aged adults, we observe a 13-kg gradient in weight and a 25-fold gradient in risk of severe obesity across polygenic score deciles. In a longitudinal birth cohort, we note minimal differences in birthweight across score deciles, but a significant gradient emerged in early childhood and reached 12 kg by 18 years of age. This new approach to quantify inherited susceptibility to obesity affords new opportunities for clinical prevention and mechanistic assessment.
Assuntos
Peso Corporal , Herança Multifatorial/genética , Obesidade/patologia , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/genética , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Ebola virus (EBOV) remains a public health threat. We performed a longitudinal study of B cell responses to EBOV in four survivors of the 2014 West African outbreak. Infection induced lasting EBOV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, but their subclass composition changed over time, with IgG1 persisting, IgG3 rapidly declining, and IgG4 appearing late. Striking changes occurred in the immunoglobulin repertoire, with massive recruitment of naive B cells that subsequently underwent hypermutation. We characterized a large panel of EBOV glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Only a small subset of mAbs that bound glycoprotein by ELISA recognized cell-surface glycoprotein. However, this subset contained all neutralizing mAbs. Several mAbs protected against EBOV disease in animals, including one mAb that targeted an epitope under evolutionary selection during the 2014 outbreak. Convergent antibody evolution was seen across multiple donors, particularly among VH3-13 neutralizing antibodies specific for the GP1 core. Our study provides a benchmark for assessing EBOV vaccine-induced immunity.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Linfócitos B/fisiologia , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/imunologia , Adulto , Sequência de Aminoácidos/genética , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Vacinas contra Ebola/imunologia , Ebolavirus/genética , Ebolavirus/metabolismo , Ebolavirus/patogenicidade , Epitopos/sangue , Feminino , Glicoproteínas/genética , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/metabolismo , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/virologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Células Jurkat , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Sobreviventes , Células Vero , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genéticaRESUMO
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is among the most common causes of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and hospitalization in infants. However, the mechanisms of immune control in infants remain incompletely understood. Antibody profiling against attachment (G) and fusion (F) proteins in children less than 2 years of age, with mild (outpatients) or severe (inpatients) RSV disease, indicated substantial age-dependent differences in RSV-specific immunity. Maternal antibodies were detectable for the first 3 months of life, followed by a long window of immune vulnerability between 3 and 6 months and a rapid evolution of FcγR-recruiting immunity after 6 months of age. Acutely ill hospitalized children exhibited lower G-specific antibodies compared with healthy controls. With disease resolution, RSV-infected infants generated broad functional RSV strain-specific G-responses and evolved cross-reactive F-responses, with minimal maternal imprinting. These data suggest an age-independent RSV G-specific functional humoral correlate of protection, and the evolution of RSV F-specific functional immunity with disease resolution.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Reações Cruzadas , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano , Humanos , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/imunologia , Lactente , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Reações Cruzadas/imunologia , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/imunologia , Feminino , Imunidade Humoral/imunologia , Proteínas Virais de Fusão/imunologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Recém-Nascido , Imunidade Materno-AdquiridaRESUMO
Many infections, including malaria, are associated with an increase in autoantibodies (AAbs). Prior studies have reported an association between genetic markers of susceptibility to autoimmune disease and resistance to malaria, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we performed a longitudinal study of children and adults (n = 602) in Mali and found that high levels of plasma AAbs before the malaria season independently predicted a reduced risk of clinical malaria in children during the ensuing malaria season. Baseline AAb seroprevalence increased with age and asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection. We found that AAbs purified from the plasma of protected individuals inhibit the growth of blood-stage parasites and bind P. falciparum proteins that mediate parasite invasion. Protected individuals had higher plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity against 33 of the 123 antigens assessed in an autoantigen microarray. This study provides evidence in support of the hypothesis that a propensity toward autoimmunity offers a survival advantage against malaria.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos , Imunoglobulina G , Malária Falciparum , Plasmodium falciparum , Humanos , Plasmodium falciparum/imunologia , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Malária Falciparum/imunologia , Malária Falciparum/parasitologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Adulto , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Feminino , Mali , Masculino , Adolescente , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Lactente , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Adulto Jovem , Autoantígenos/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Epidemiological data suggest that early life exposures are key determinants of immune-mediated disease later in life. Young children are also particularly susceptible to infections, warranting more analyses of immune system development early in life. Such analyses mostly have been performed in mouse models or human cord blood samples, but these cannot account for the complex environmental exposures influencing human newborns after birth. Here, we performed longitudinal analyses in 100 newborn children, sampled up to 4 times during their first 3 months of life. From 100 µL of blood, we analyze the development of 58 immune cell populations by mass cytometry and 267 plasma proteins by immunoassays, uncovering drastic changes not predictable from cord blood measurements but following a stereotypic pattern. Preterm and term children differ at birth but converge onto a shared trajectory, seemingly driven by microbial interactions and hampered by early gut bacterial dysbiosis.
Assuntos
Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Sistema Imunitário/fisiologia , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/imunologia , Inflamação , Linhagem da Célula , Disbiose , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Imunoensaio , Recém-Nascido , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pais , Fenótipo , Nascimento Prematuro/imunologia , TranscriptomaRESUMO
The evolutionary features of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have not been systematically studied to date. We analyzed 1,206 primary tumor regions from 101 patients recruited into the multi-center prospective study, TRACERx Renal. We observe up to 30 driver events per tumor and show that subclonal diversification is associated with known prognostic parameters. By resolving the patterns of driver event ordering, co-occurrence, and mutual exclusivity at clone level, we show the deterministic nature of clonal evolution. ccRCC can be grouped into seven evolutionary subtypes, ranging from tumors characterized by early fixation of multiple mutational and copy number drivers and rapid metastases to highly branched tumors with >10 subclonal drivers and extensive parallel evolution associated with attenuated progression. We identify genetic diversity and chromosomal complexity as determinants of patient outcome. Our insights reconcile the variable clinical behavior of ccRCC and suggest evolutionary potential as a biomarker for both intervention and surveillance.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alelos , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Cromossomos , Evolução Clonal , Progressão da Doença , Evolução Molecular , Feminino , Heterogeneidade Genética , Variação Genética , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Estatísticos , Mutação , Metástase Neoplásica , Fenótipo , Filogenia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) exhibits a broad range of metastatic phenotypes that have not been systematically studied to date. Here, we analyzed 575 primary and 335 metastatic biopsies across 100 patients with metastatic ccRCC, including two cases sampledat post-mortem. Metastatic competence was afforded by chromosome complexity, and we identify 9p loss as a highly selected event driving metastasis and ccRCC-related mortality (p = 0.0014). Distinct patterns of metastatic dissemination were observed, including rapid progression to multiple tissue sites seeded by primary tumors of monoclonal structure. By contrast, we observed attenuated progression in cases characterized by high primary tumor heterogeneity, with metastatic competence acquired gradually and initial progression to solitary metastasis. Finally, we observed early divergence of primitive ancestral clones and protracted latency of up to two decades as a feature of pancreatic metastases.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Mutação , Metástase Neoplásica , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Biópsia , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos Humanos Par 14 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 9 , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Estudos Prospectivos , Trombose , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Herpes zoster (shingles) causes significant morbidity in immune compromised hosts and older adults. Whereas a vaccine is available for prevention of shingles, its efficacy declines with age. To help to understand the mechanisms driving vaccinal responses, we constructed a multiscale, multifactorial response network (MMRN) of immunity in healthy young and older adults immunized with the live attenuated shingles vaccine Zostavax. Vaccination induces robust antigen-specific antibody, plasmablasts, and CD4+ T cells yet limited CD8+ T cell and antiviral responses. The MMRN reveals striking associations between orthogonal datasets, such as transcriptomic and metabolomics signatures, cell populations, and cytokine levels, and identifies immune and metabolic correlates of vaccine immunity. Networks associated with inositol phosphate, glycerophospholipids, and sterol metabolism are tightly coupled with immunity. Critically, the sterol regulatory binding protein 1 and its targets are key integrators of antibody and T follicular cell responses. Our approach is broadly applicable to study human immunity and can help to identify predictors of efficacy as well as mechanisms controlling immunity to vaccination.
Assuntos
Vacina contra Herpes Zoster/imunologia , Imunidade Adaptativa , Adulto , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Formação de Anticorpos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Humanos , Fosfatos de Inositol/imunologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Metabolômica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Caracteres Sexuais , Esteróis/metabolismo , Carga ViralRESUMO
Respiratory infections are common precursors to asthma exacerbations in children, but molecular immune responses that determine whether and how an infection causes an exacerbation are poorly understood. By using systems-scale network analysis, we identify repertoires of cellular transcriptional pathways that lead to and underlie distinct patterns of asthma exacerbation. Specifically, in both virus-associated and nonviral exacerbations, we demonstrate a set of core exacerbation modules, among which epithelial-associated SMAD3 signaling is upregulated and lymphocyte response pathways are downregulated early in exacerbation, followed by later upregulation of effector pathways including epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, extracellular matrix production, mucus hypersecretion, and eosinophil activation. We show an additional set of multiple inflammatory cell pathways involved in virus-associated exacerbations, in contrast to squamous cell pathways associated with nonviral exacerbations. Our work introduces an in vivo molecular platform to investigate, in a clinical setting, both the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic targets to modify exacerbations.
Assuntos
Asma/imunologia , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/imunologia , Transcriptoma/imunologia , Viroses/imunologia , Adolescente , Asma/genética , Asma/virologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Resfriado Comum/genética , Resfriado Comum/imunologia , Resfriado Comum/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Viroses/genética , Viroses/virologiaRESUMO
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of tolerance to nucleic acids and highly diverse clinical manifestations. To assess its molecular heterogeneity, we longitudinally profiled the blood transcriptome of 158 pediatric patients. Using mixed models accounting for repeated measurements, demographics, treatment, disease activity (DA), and nephritis class, we confirmed a prevalent IFN signature and identified a plasmablast signature as the most robust biomarker of DA. We detected gradual enrichment of neutrophil transcripts during progression to active nephritis and distinct signatures in response to treatment in different nephritis subclasses. Importantly, personalized immunomonitoring uncovered individual correlates of disease activity that enabled patient stratification into seven groups, supported by patient genotypes. Our study uncovers the molecular heterogeneity of SLE and provides an explanation for the failure of clinical trials. This approach may improve trial design and implementation of tailored therapies in genetically and clinically complex autoimmune diseases. PAPERCLIP.