Moral distress in correctional nurses: A national survey.

BACKGROUND: Moral distress is an increasingly documented problem in nursing and might foster nurses' intention to leave their workplace. It has been studied in different settings, but no specific research has been conducted in Italian correctional facilities. A recent Italian study produced a preliminary validation of the Moral Distress Scale for Correctional Nurses, which needs to be completed. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the level of moral distress of nurses working in the Italian correctional setting, by completing the validation process of the Moral Distress Scale for Correctional Nurses. METHODOLOGY: Multicenter questionnaire survey. All correctional nurses (461) affiliated with the Italian Society of Medicine and Penitentiary Health (also called "Simspe-onlus") were invited to participate and 238 responded. The survey was conducted between April and November 2017 through SurveyMonkey®. Analysis of covariance was conducted to investigate the relationship between moral distress and the other variables under study. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the scale to confirm its dimensions. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The study was approved by the Italian Society of Medicine and Penitentiary Health (Simspe-onlus). The questionnaire included informed consent, pursuant to the law in force. The software could not accept questionnaires without explicit consent. Data were analyzed anonymously. FINDINGS: The median score was 46.5, indicating moderate moral distress. The only variable affecting moral distress was work experience in correctional facilities. Longer experience was correlated to higher levels of moral distress and intention to leave. Incompetent colleagues and short staffing were related to higher levels of moral distress. The scale confirmed the one-dimensional structure suggested by the original authors. DISCUSSION: This is the first study investigating moral distress among Correctional Nurses. The prison context is a high-risk environment for nurses, increasing the intention to leave the workplace. CONCLUSION: Corrective and protective measures, such as specific education, are needed to prevent moral distress development and to reduce nurses' shortage in this area.

Influence of chronic diseases on long-term change in physical health: a consultation-survey linkage cohort study in general practice.

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of disease severity within cardiovascular disease (CVD) and musculoskeletal (MSK) disorder spectrums on physical health change over 3 years. METHODS: Consultation records of 4,672 patients aged 50 years and above from six general practices were linked to their baseline and 3-year Short-Form-12 (SF-12) physical component summary (PCS) scores. Associations between exclusive diagnostic categories and comorbid counts with physical health change over 3 years were examined. RESULTS: There were 1,371 (29.3%) CVD and 1,972 (42.2%) MSK consulters. Adjusted additional change in PCS scores relative to hypertension ranged from -0.43 (95% confidence interval -2.5, 1.7) for atrial fibrillation to -2.09 (-4.2, 0.0) for heart failure. In the MSK spectrum, changes relative to soft tissue disorder ranged from -0.63 (-3.0, 1.8) for soft tissue pain to -1.09 (-4.1, 2.0) for inflammatory polyarthropathy. A trend in association between increasing disease severity and deterioration in physical health was only observed within the CVD spectrum, and this trend was retained in those with CVD and higher levels of comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: CVD severity with higher levels of comorbidity was associated with greater relative deterioration in long-term physical health. Such findings were not found for the MSK cohorts, suggesting the differing health impact of different chronic diseases.

EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth (ENERGY) project: Design and methodology of the ENERGY cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: Obesity treatment is by large ineffective long term, and more emphasis on the prevention of excessive weight gain in childhood and adolescence is warranted. To inform energy balance related behaviour (EBRB) change interventions, insight in the potential personal, family and school environmental correlates of these behaviours is needed. Studies on such multilevel correlates of EBRB among schoolchildren in Europe are lacking. The ENERGY survey aims to (1) provide up-to-date prevalence rates of measured overweight, obesity, self-reported engagement in EBRBs, and objective accelerometer-based assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviour and blood-sample biomarkers of metabolic function in countries in different regions of Europe, (2) to identify personal, family and school environmental correlates of these EBRBs. This paper describes the design, methodology and protocol of the survey. METHOD/DESIGN: A school-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2010 in seven different European countries; Belgium, Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, and Spain. The survey included measurements of anthropometrics, child, parent and school-staff questionnaires, and school observations to measure and assess outcomes (i.e. height, weight, and waist circumference), EBRBs and potential personal, family and school environmental correlates of these behaviours including the social-cultural, physical, political, and economic environmental factors. In addition, a selection of countries conducted accelerometer measurements to objectively assess physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and collected blood samples to assess several biomarkers of metabolic function. DISCUSSION: The ENERGY survey is a comprehensive cross-sectional study measuring anthropometrics and biomarkers as well as assessing a range of EBRBs and their potential correlates at the personal, family and school level, among 10-12 year old children in seven European countries. This study will result in a unique dataset, enabling cross country comparisons in overweight, obesity, risk behaviours for these conditions as well as the correlates of engagement in these risk behaviours.

A population-based survey using PPE-15: relationship of care aspects to patient satisfaction in Hong Kong.

OBJECTIVE: Satisfaction with hospitalization may lead to both better health outcomes for patients and create better working environment and relationship between staff and patients. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the experiences of inpatients with specific aspects of care and satisfaction with the hospitalization experience. DESIGN: A secondary data analysis based on the Thematic Household Survey which was regularly conducted by the Census and Statistic Department. SETTING: This survey covered the land-based non-institutional population of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China, and representing 99% of the total population of HKSAR of 6.8 million. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 1264 respondents aged ≥15 who had ever been admitted to local hospital in 12 months prior enumeration were recruited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Picker Patient Experience Questionnaire-15 (PPE-15) was adopted for measuring patient-perceived quality of hospitalization; and one global rating of the overall quality of hospital service was included. RESULTS: The mean global satisfaction scores for public and private hospital care were 7.3/10 and 7.8/10, respectively. By adjusting patient demographics, the regression models show that 'want to be more involved in decision made about the care and treatment', 'respect for patient's dignity', 'patients' family have enough opportunity to talk to doctor' and 'tell about danger signals regarding illness/treatment after went home' are major determinants of the global satisfaction scores. CONCLUSION: Communication, respect and patient engagement in provider-patient relationship are important in determining patient's satisfaction. Training and healthcare education curriculum could take this into account for ensuring the quality of patient-centered care.

Impact of increasing age on high-performance Olympic triathletes in male and female: a case report

Abstract Aim: Increasing age is associated with significant changes in athletes' performance; however, it is not yet known how increasing age could influence the performance of triathletes. In this sense, the present study aimed to investigate how the performance of two elite triathletes (HCK and AD), who participated and finished the Olympic Games in Sydney, Athens, Beijing, and London, could change over the years. Methods: This study reports two cases (male and female) with cross-sectional and retrospective characteristics that describe how the increasing age changes the performance of two elite triathletes who participated in four consecutive Olympics (2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012). Pearson correlation test was used to verify the correlation between the performance and age of the triathletes. A value of p < 0.05 was assumed to show statistical significance. Results: The results suggest that both triathletes showed impaired performance at the Summer Games in Athens in 2004. When the two athletes were analyzed together, positive correlations were observed between age and transition 1 (T1; swim-to-cycle) and transition 2 (T2; cycle-to-run). Also, a high correlation was found between T2 and age for HCK but not for AD. The results showed a significant correlation between increasing age and a reduction in running performance for HCK. Conclusion: Although the two triathletes improved overall time throughout the Olympic Games, this improvement did not correlate with age. Thus, the increasing age does not seem to impact these two athletes during the four Olympic events.

Postural control in football players with vision impairment: Effect of sports adaptation or visual input restriction?

Abstract Aim: To assess the postural control performance of football 5-a-side (FFS) players, comparing them with sighted players. Methods: Eight FFS players and 7 sighted futsal players were included. Postural control tests included feet together stance (FTS) and single-leg stance (SLS) tasks, performed on rigid and foam surfaces. Sighted players performed the tests with open (EO) and closed (EC) eyes. Area of displacement (Area) and average velocity (Vavg) were calculated from the center of pressure time-series coordinates. Results: On both surfaces conditions, a significant difference between visually impaired football 5-a-side players and sighted EO players was observed during FTS (higher Vavg for visually impaired football 5-a-side players; p < 0.04) and SLS (higher Area and Vavg for visually impaired football 5-a-side players; p < 0.01). No differences between visually impaired football 5-a-side players and sighted EC players were found. Differences between sighted EO vs. sighted EC were observed during FTS on the foam surface, and in SLS on both surface conditions (p < 0.03). Conclusion: FFS players' postural control performance is similar to sighted players with EC but worse than sighted players with EO, suggesting their postural control performance can be simply explained in terms of visual restriction.

Is fatigue associated with balance in Parkinson's disease?

Abstract Background: Fatigue is a disabling symptom in the spectrum of Parkinson's disease (PD), affecting from 30% to 70% of the persons. Even though it is a common symptom, with negative repercussions for PD individuals, its correlation with balance is not established. Aim: The aims of this study were to verify the correlation between fatigue and balance in individuals with PD and to compare balance in individuals with PD that presents low fatigue or high fatigue. Methods: This study included 37 individuals with PD, who were divided into two groups: low fatigue (n = 25) and high fatigue (n = 12). Fatigue was evaluated using the Parkinson's disease Fatigue Scale and a force platform was used to assess four balance tasks: bipedal, tandem with eyes open/closed, and tandem with the dual-task, in three parameters: (1) 95% confidence ellipse area of the center of pressure (COP) (2) mean velocity (3) root mean square of COP. To verify the correlation between fatigue and balance, the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient was assessed. Comparison of medians between the groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: There was no significant correlation between fatigue and balance. There was no difference between the groups with low and high fatigue. Conclusion: This study's findings, together with those reported in the literature, suggest there is no correlation between fatigue and balance, and even though individuals with PD report fatigue or experience situations of fatigue, they do not present greater posture instability than individuals with PD who do not report fatigue. Fatigue is a disabling symptom in the spectrum of Parkinson's disease (PD), affecting from

Comparison between ActiGraph GT3X and ActivPAL to assess sedentary behavior during the school period

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to compare the sedentary time measured using the ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer with the measurement of sitting and standing time obtained by ActivPAL inclinometers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 60 schoolchildren (34 males) of one elementary public school in Brazil. The students used both an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer and an ActivPAL inclinometer, concurrently, positioned at the beginning and removed at the end of the school shift, for four days. For analysis, paired Student's t-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman plots were used. Results: When comparing sedentary time with sitting time, although correlated (r = 0.53; p < 0.001), the mean minutes were different (134.2 min/day in ActiGraph GT3X vs 120.3 min/day in ActivPAL; p < 0.001), with a bias of 13.9 min/day. When comparing the measurement of sedentary time with the sum of the sitting time plus standing time, different mean minutes were also observed (134.2 min/day in ActiGraph GT3X vs 177.0 min/day in ActivPAL; p < 0.001), and although the correlation was stronger (r = 0.75; p < 0.001), the bias was higher (−42.8 min/day). Conclusion: Sedentary time derived from the ActiGraph GT3X device should be used with caution to evaluate sedentary behavior in a school setting and may be interpreted only as non-moving activities (stationary behavior).

Anthropometric indicators as predictors of dynapenia in postmenopausal women

Abstract Aim: Anthropometry represents an alternative to the evaluation of nutritional status and screening of events related to muscle fitness. Therefore, this study aimed to compare anthropometric indicators of postmenopausal women with and without dynapenia and to identify the predictive capacity of these indicators to screen the respective outcome in this population. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study, conducted with postmenopausal women. Dynapenia was diagnosed by handgrip strength < 20 kgf. Arm (AC), abdominal (AbC), hip (HC) and calf circumferences (CC), triceps, biceps, subscapular, supraspinatus and thigh skinfolds were analyzed. Body Mass Index, Conicity Index (CI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Waist to Hip and Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), Corrected Arm Muscle Area (CAMA) and Arm Muscle Circumference (AMC) were calculated. Results: A total of 273 women participated in the study. The BAI, WHtR, and CI did not present significant differences between the groups. For the other indicators, the dynapenic group obtained significantly lower values compared to the non-dynapenic. AC was the indicator with the highest sensitivity to screen for postmenopausal dynapenia (79.8%). While CAMA and AMC were the indicators with the best specificity (86.2%). However, CC showed the best balance between sensitivity (67.5%) and specificity (63.0%). Conclusion: The indicators AC, CAMA, and/or the AMC can be used together, or CC alone, to predict postmenopausal women with dynapenia. Therefore, these indicators can be used as important epidemiological tools to improve women's health surveillance actions.

Manipulative skills and games performed by children ranging from 4 to 6 years of age while exploring sensorial cubes

Abstract Aim: To identify and describe the manipulative actions of typical children ages between 4 and 6 years, and the games performed while exploring cubes with different sensorial stimuli. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study. Sixteen typical children aged 4 to 6 years (mean age: 5.78 ± 1.04 years) were filmed, from different angles, during the exploration of six cubes with different sensorial stimuli (transparent, black, tactile, auditory, luminous, and high-contrast). The cubes were delivered in random order and the children explored the cubes for 40 s each. At the end of the explorations, they were asked about what kind of game they could play with that object. The images were observed by the BS Player Profile. Results: Seventeen different types of interactions with the cubes were registered, such as: pushing, shaking, reaching for (bimanual and unimanual), bringing closer to the eyes, knocking, touching with the fingers/hand, throwing upwards, and others. The tactile cube was the favorite among the children (9 children), followed by the luminous cube (6 children). They proposed games with all of the cubes, standing out playing dice (all cubes), building towers, and castles. Conclusion: In the observed group of children, 17 manipulative skills were identified. The games performed during the exploration of the cubes were based on association with other similar objects previously known, related to the visual stimuli provided by the cubes, verbal description of actions that could be performed with that cube, imagination related games using figurative images, and sports-related activities/games.

Prevalence, impact, and management perception of dysmenorrhea among university students: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Dysmenorrhea is a common condition among females that is characterized by painful cramps before or during menstruation. It is considered as a common gynecological complaint that affects the quality of women's life. The study evaluated prevalence of dysmenorrhea, its impact, associated risk factors, and the management strategies adopted by female university students in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 562 female students aged 18-30 years at the university level. The results showed a high prevalence rate of dysmenorrhea (79.4%) among the students. The most common risk factors were family history (87.4%) and length of menstruation (79%). Half (50.2%) of the respondents were absent at the university at least 1 day every month. The most widely used medications by the respondents were ibuprofen (42%) and paracetamol (40%), whereas only 3% used mefenamic acid, despite that they experienced complete pain relief with mefenamic acid. High prevalence rate of dysmenorrhea associated with risk factors such as family history and length of menstruation, was found among university students. However, pain and associated symptoms affect the quality of life.

Profile of pharmaceutical interventions of a pharmacotherapeutic follow-up model for diabetic patients in a community pharmacy

Abstract The insertion of Pharmaceutical Care in Primary Health Care (PHC) improves patients' clinical outcomes and quality of life. Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up can contribute to the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes, promoting better glycemic control and adherence to therapy. This study aimed to assess the Drug-therapy Problems (DTPs) and Pharmacist Interventions (PIs) on the pharmacotherapeutic management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a community pharmacy. A quantitative, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted in a Pharmaceutical Care Program within the PHC in Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Inclusion criteria were patients with T2DM above 18, who attended at least three pharmaceutical consultations between July 2016 and October 2018 and presented two or more glycated hemoglobin tests. The study group (n = 17) was largely composed of women (65%), elderly (76%), sedentary (72%), and obese people (52%). The resolution was achieved in 79% of the DTPs identified (n = 115). Most of DTPs were related to administration and adherence to pharmacotherapy (46%). 60% of the 437 PIs involved the provision of information and counseling. In other words, accessible interventions lead to high resolvability. Therefore, clinical actuation of pharmacists could improve the prognosis in diabetes treatment

The effects of active vs. passive recovery on riding performance during a simulated motocross race

Abstract Aims: Motocross consists of two races of 30 min with a break in between. Recovery between races is paramount to performance, this study aimed to compare the effects of active and passive recovery between motocross races on riding performance. Methods: Thirteen elite and non-elite racers performed two races of 30 min with 1 h break, twice with two-week interval. Between the races active (20 min ergometer cycling at 60% of HRmax) or passive recovery (no activity) were executed in a randomized order. Lap times, heart rate during riding, blood lactate, reaction time, handgrip strength, upper back pull strength, counter movement jump height, and medicine ball throw distance were measured before and after both races. Serum creatine kinase enzyme activity and strength tests were assessed also 24 h after the races. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in any variables between protocols. A significant drop in handgrip strength was found post-race values (p < 0.001). Post-racing creatine kinase values were above resting levels. Conclusion: These results do not support the use of active recovery in between motocross races for restoration of neuromuscular or riding performance. Motocross seems to cause some exercise-induced muscle damage; thus, some rest is required to recover homeostasis.

Do lower limb deficiencies interfere with the recruitment of the trunk and upper limb muscles of paracanoe athletes?

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to compare the recruitment of the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, triceps (long head), and latissimus dorsi muscles during rowing, in paracanoe and canoe athletes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with ethical approval, including a sample of five paraplegic athletes, four lower limb amputees, and four athletes without disabilities. Surface electromyography of the anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, triceps (long head), and latissimus dorsi muscles. The athletes rowed for three minutes in an ergometer kayak. The Root Mean Square (RMS) signal of the second minute of data collection, normalized by the RMS peak (% RMS), was considered for analysis. Results: The results of paraplegic athletes, amputees, and athletes without disabilities were similar, as follows; the anterior deltoid: 10.81 ± 3.1; 9.6 ± 3.13 and 9.92 ± 3.12 (p = 0.83), pectoralis major: 7.71 ± 0.66; 8.66 ± 0.66 and 8.53 ± 2.62 (p = 0.72), long head of the triceps: 8.41 ± 3.05; 4.79 ± 1.2 and 6.66 ± 1.01 (p = 0.08), and latissimus dorsi: 8.18 ± 1.97; 6.39 ± 2.64 and 6.95 ± 1.64 (p = 0.45). Conclusion: Paracanoe and canoe athletes present similar muscle recruitment of the upper limbs and trunk during rowing.

Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com queimaduras admitidos em hospital terciário / Epidemiological profile of patients with burns admitted to tertiary hospital

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes queimados admitidos em unidade hospitalar de Passo Fundo, norte do Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, realizado em um hospital terciário por meio da coleta de dados de prontuários eletrônicos, no período de 2015 a 2020, de pacientes com queimaduras e suas complicações. RESULTADOS: Com uma amostra de 132 participantes, o perfil epidemiológico foi caracterizado por predomínio de pacientes do sexo masculino (55,3%), adultos (55,3%), não empregados (61,4%), brancos (82,6%), com ensino fundamental (45,4%), não casados (75,8%) e provenientes do próprio município (54,5%). As queimaduras foram, na maioria das vezes, de origem térmica (88%), de 2° grau (83,3%) e acometeram membros superiores (34,1%). As internações ocorreram, quase sempre, pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (80,3%), em grande parte das vezes não foi necessário tratamento intensivo (76,5%) e quase todos os pacientes receberam alta com recuperação (90,9%). Quanto às complicações, embora possam ser de vários tipos, as infecciosas foram as mais frequentes (34,1%). CONCLUSÕES: O perfil dos pacientes atendidos apresenta semelhanças com a literatura nacional e internacional, mas com algumas diferenças. Logo, é importante a ciência dessas características, para que possam ser promovidas ações para minimização dos acidentes por queimaduras, assim como, para o adequado manejo dos pacientes. Finalmente, com base nos resultados, mas com a necessidade de novos estudos, sugere-se o credenciamento de um Centro de Referência aos Queimados na região.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile of burn patients admitted to a hospital in Passo Fundo, northern Rio Grande do Sul. METHODS: Crosssectional study, carried out in a tertiary hospital through the collection of data from electronic medical records, from 2015 to 2020, of patients with burns and their complications. RESULTS: With a sample of 132 participants, the epidemiological profile was characterized by a predominance of male patients (55.3%), adults (55.3%), non-employed (61.4%), white (82.6%), with elementary education (45.4%), not married (75.8%) and coming from the municipality itself (54.5%). The burns were, in most cases, of thermal origin (88%), of 2nd degree (83.3%) and affected the upper limbs (34.1%). Hospitalizations almost always occurred through the Unified Health System (80.3%), in most cases intensive treatment was not required (76.5%) and almost all patients were discharged with recovery (90.9%). As for complications, although they can be of several types, infectious were the most frequent (34.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The profile of the patients seen is similar to the national and international literature, but with some differences. Therefore, it is important to be aware of these characteristics, so that actions can be promoted to minimize burn accidents, as well as for the proper management of patients. Finally, based on the results, but with the need for further studies, it is suggested the accreditation of a Reference Center in the region.

Relationship between Sprint, lower limb power, and change of direction speed in adolescents

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study is to verify the association between sprint, lower limb power, and change of direction speed in schoolchildren. Method: This is a cross-sectional school-based study with a probabilistic sample (n=1455) of adolescents aged 10-17 years. The variables were: sex, chronological age, body mass, height, skinfold sum, maturity offset, lower limb power, change of direction speed, and sprint. For the data analyses, we used a t-test for independent samples, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. A statistical significance level of 5% was considered for all analyses. Results: The three variables of physical fitness presented moderate and significant correlations between them (r = {0.39-0.61}). Three models were tested with sprint (model 1), change of direction sprint (model 2) and lower limb power (model 3) as an outcome. Predictors tested explain 47% of model 1, 49% of model 2, and 54% of model 3. The individual predictor's contribution in both models varied between 0.1% to 38%. Conclusions: The evidence suggests that change of direction speed and sprint, together with sex, body mass, and skinfold sum account for approximately 54% of the variance of lower limb power in adolescents aged 10-17 years.

Functional outcomes and oncological fatigue among older cancer patients: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Aim: To characterize functional outcomes and oncological fatigue in older cancer patients, and verify the relation of these outcomes with age, number of hospitalizations, and falls within 12-months. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 116 older adults with cancer undergoing treatment in a hospital in Santiago de Chile. Participants were assessed for independence on the activity of daily living (Barthel index), functional mobility with "timed up and go" (TUG) test, handgrip strength with a Baseline® Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer, and fatigue with Brief Fatigue Inventory. Information about the number of falls and hospitalizations from the previous 12-months was also collected. Results: 21.6% had experienced at least one fall during the previous 12-months, and 52% had been hospitalized over the same period. Handgrip strength was below the cut-off thresholds for older adults and 78.4% were classified with the risk of falls according to the TUG test. Forty-nine percent of participants experienced moderate fatigue, and 58% were dependent to perform activities of daily living. There was a correlation of TUG results with age (r = 0.204; p = 0.028). Conclusions: Older adults with cancer in our study experienced moderate fatigue, a high dependence to perform activities of daily living, especially those associated with mobility, dressing, and bladder or bowel function. Older adults with cancer are more likely to develop functional decline which leads to increased dependency or death. The data suggests they present functional impairment. Physical activity interventions would benefit this population.

Physical activity, TV viewing, and human development index in Brazilian adolescents: Results from the National School Health Survey

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity (PA) indicators and TV viewing as a function of the Human Development Index (HDI). Method: This cross-sectional study was based on data from the National School Health Survey, which was composed of 102,072 students (14.28±1.03; 51.3% girls). Total PA, active commuting to school (ACS) and TV viewing were assessed by questionnaires and classified through a gradual scale ranging from "F" (low) to "A+" (high). The correlation between total PA, ACS, TV viewing and HDI was verified by Spearman's Correlation and presented in rs. Results: HDI was positively associated with total PA [girls: rs = 0.572 (p < 0.001); boys: rs = 0.843 (p < 0.001)] and ACS [girls: rs = 0.433 (p < 0.001); boys: rs = 0.554 (p < 0.001)]; while a negative correlation was found between HDI and TV viewing [girls: rs = -0.330 (p < 0.001); boys: rs = -0.348 (p < 0.001)]. Conclusions: Brazilian adolescents from states with higher HDI were more active and spent more time watching TV than their counterparts from states with lower HDI.

Crianças e adolescentes queimados: Perfil de internação em um centro de tratamento especializado / Burnt children and adolescents: Hospitalization profile in a specialized treatment center

OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de queimadura internados em um centro de tratamento especializado. MÉTODO: Estudo quantitativo retrospectivo transversal, de 267 prontuários de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de queimaduras. Os dados foram analisados no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), sendo aplicados os testes Exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado, considerando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por crianças e adolescentes com idades entre 6 e 18 anos incompletos, sendo o sexo masculino mais frequente. A maioria das queimaduras foi de origem térmica, classificadas como de segundo grau, tendo como principal agente o álcool, comprometendo tronco, cabeça e membros superiores, apresentando mediana de 9% de superfície corporal queimada. As queimaduras foram mais frequentes no verão em decorrência de acidentes. Evidenciou-se uma mediana de 13 dias de internação, tendo como desfecho alta hospitalar. CONCLUSÃO: Esta pesquisa permitiu compreender melhor o perfil epidemiológico de crianças e adolescentes queimados, evidenciando a importância de estudos epidemiológicos na sensibilização da comunidade e prevenção de queimaduras.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile of children and adolescents victims of burns admitted to a specialized treatment center METHODS: Retrospective quantitative cross-sectional study of 267 medical records of burned children and adolescents. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, with Fisher's exact and Chi-squared tests being applied, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: The sample was composed of children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years old, the male gender being more frequent. Most of the burns were of thermal origin, classified as second degree, with alcohol as the main agent, affecting the trunk, head and upper limbs, with a median of 9% of body burned surface. Burns were more frequent in the summer due to accidents. A median of 13 days of hospitalization was evidenced, with the outcome being hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: This research allowed us to better understand the epidemiological profile of burned children and adolescents, showing the importance of epidemiological studies in raising community awareness and preventing burns.

Light-intensity physical activity patterns and associated factors in adolescents

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to measure light-intensity physical activity (LPA) patterns in adolescents according to weekdays and school period and investigated associations between LPA patterns and associated factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 388 students of both genders, selected from public schools from Londrina city, Parana state. LPA was measured using accelerometry for seven consecutive days and was analyzed by the time spent in very short (15 to 30 s), short (30 to 60 s), intermediate (1 to 3 min), and long bouts (≥ 3 min). Results: Approximately 22% of the total daily time was spent in LPA. The time in LPA accumulated in short or intermediate bouts was higher than the time accumulated in very short or long bouts (P < 0.05). Gender was associated with short (β= 2.180; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.357 to 4.003) and intermediate bouts (β = 2.822; 95% CI, 0.681 to 4.964), girls presented higher daily time. Age was inversely associated with very short (β = −0.925; 95% CI, −1.676 to −0.175) and intermediate bouts (β = −1.985; 95% CI, −3.579 to −0.390). The total time in LPA and time accumulated in very short, short, and intermediate bouts was higher in the school period when compared to the non-school period (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that the LPA patterns are predominantly composed of time spent in bouts between 30 seconds and three minutes. Gender, age, and school period appear to influence the LPA pattern in adolescents.