Dinâmica espaço-temporal e fatores associados à mortalidade neonatal / Space-temporal dynamics and factors associated with newborn mortality / Dinámica Espacio-temporal y factores asociados a la mortalidad del recién nacido

Objetivo:analisar a distribuição espacial e temporal da mortalidade neonatal e fatores associados no Piauí de 2007 a 2017. Método: foi utilizado o método Joinpoint, estatística bayesiana e a técnica de varredura Scan. A análise multivariada dos indicadores foi realizada através do modelo Ordinary Least Squares Estimation, considerando-se p<0,05. Resultados: a mortalidade neonatal reduziu de forma linear e significativa ao longo do período estudado. As maiores taxas bayesianas variaram de 16,34 a 18,38 óbitos por 1.000 nascidos vivos, especialmente no Sudeste piauiense. Houve associação negativa entre a mortalidade neonatal e as variáveis: Taxa de analfabetismo (ß = -0,60; p= 0,027), Cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ß = -2,80; p= 0,023) e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (ß = -0,60; p= 0,003). Conclusão: a mortalidade neonatal segue decrescente e sua distribuição no território mostrou-se irregular. Indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde influenciam a mortalidade neonatal no Piauí

Objective: to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of neonatal mortality and associated factors in Piauí from 2007 to 2017. Method: the Joinpoint method, Bayesian statistics and the Scan technique were used. The multivariate analysis of the indicators was performed using the Ordinary Least Squares Estimation model, considering p<0.05. Results: neonatal mortality decreased linearly and significantly over the period studied. The highest Bayesian rates ranged from 16.34 to 18.38 deaths per 1,000 live births, especially in Southeast Piauí. There was a negative association between neonatal mortality and the variables: Illiteracy rate (ß = -0.60; p= 0.027), Family Health Strategy Coverage (ß = -2.80; p= 0.023) and Human Development Index Municipal (ß = -0.60; p= 0.003). Conclusion: neonatal mortality continues to decrease and its distribution in the territory proved to be irregular. Socioeconomic and health indicators influence neonatal mortality in Piauí

Objetivos: analizar la distribución espacial y temporal de la mortalidad neonatal y factores asociados en Piauí de 2007 a 2017. Método: se utilizó el método Joinpoint, la estadística bayesiana y la técnica Scan. El análisis multivariado de los indicadores se realizó mediante el modelo de Estimación por Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios, considerando p<0,05. Resultados: la mortalidad neonatal disminuyó lineal y significativamente durante el período estudiado. Las tasas bayesianas más altas oscilaron entre 16,34 y 18,38 muertes por 1.000 nacidos vivos, especialmente en el Sudeste de Piauí. Hubo asociación negativa entre la mortalidad neonatal y las variables: Tasa de Analfabetismo (ß = -0,60; p= 0,027), Cobertura de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ß = -2,80; p= 0,023) e Índice de Desarrollo Humano Municipal (ß = -0,60; p= 0,003). Conclusión: la mortalidad neonatal continúa en descenso y su distribución en el territorio resultó ser irregular. Indicadores socioeconómicos y de salud influyen en la mortalidad neonatal en Piauí

Calidad asistencial y seguimiento de los pacientes operados por cáncer colorrectal en un Hospital de Paysandú, Uruguay / Quality of care and follow-up of patients operated on forcolorectal cancer at the Paysandú Hospital, Uruguay

Introducción: el cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es la segunda causa de muerte dentro de las enfermedades neoplásicas. El pronóstico individual está signado por el estadio de la enfermedad al momento del diagnóstico y la posibilidad de realizar un tratamiento curativo. Este también depende de la estratificación post quirúrgica y de la aparición de complicaciones ulteriores. El objetivo del seguimiento es diagnosticar la recidiva en un estadio potencialmente curable y detectar otros cánceres primarios. Objetivo: realizar una valoración de la calidad de la cirugía colorrectal y el seguimiento de los pacientes operados de CCR en nuestro hospital. Diseño: estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo. Material y métodos: se analizaron todos los pacientes con CCR operados en el servicio de cirugía del Hospital de Paysandú entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2020. Se describen diversas variables que influyen en la calidad quirúrgica y se analizan las relacionadas al seguimiento post operatorio dividiendo a los pacientes en 3 grupos, seguimiento completo, perdidos y sin datos de seguimiento. Resultados: se incluyeron 39 pacientes, con una edad media de 68 años. El 28% se diagnosticaron en estadio IV, con porcentajes bajos en estadios tempranos. Hubo 57% de cirugías de urgencia y 43% electivas. La causa más frecuente de urgencia fue la oclusión intestinal (36,6%). La tasa de dehiscencia anastomótica fue 16,6% y la de mortalidad 15,3%. Solo el 33% de los pacientes tuvieron seguimiento completo. Conclusión: existe un déficit en la atención y el seguimiento de los pacientes operados por CCR en nuestro hospital. Se impone la creación de un equipo específico en el área de coloproctología, así como un protocolo de seguimiento unificado para mejorar estos resultados. (AU)

Introduction: colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of death among neoplastic diseases. The individual prognosis is determined by the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis and the possibility of curative treatment. This also depends on the postsurgical stratification and the appearance of subsequent complications. The goal of follow-up is to diagnose recurrence at a potentially curable stage and detect other primary cancers. Objective: to carry out an evaluation of the quality of colorectal surgery and the follow-up of patients operated on for CRC in our hospital. Design: descriptive, retrospective observational study. Material and methods: all patients with CRC operated on in the surgery service of the Paysandú Hospital between January 2017 and December 2020 were analyzed. Variables that influence surgical quality are described and those related to postoperative follow-up are analyzed by dividing patients in 3 groups, complete follow-up, lost to follow-up and without follow-up data. Results: Thirty-nine patients were included, with a mean age of 68 years. Twenty-eight percent were diagnosed in stage IV, with low percentages in early stages. There were 57% emergency procedures and 43% elective proceduress. The most common cause of emergency was intestinal obstruction (36.6%). The anastomotic dehiscence rate was 16.6% and the mortality rate was 15.3%. Only 33% of patients had complete follow-up. Conclusion: there is a deficit in the care and follow-up of patients undergoing CRC surgery in our hospital. The creation of a specific team in the area of coloproctology is required, as well as a unified monitoring protocol to improve these results. (AU)

Resumen ejecutivo del documento de consenso sobre el manejo de la anemia perioperatoria en España / Executive summary of the consensus document on the management of perioperative anemia in Spain

La anemia perioperatoria constituye un factor independiente de riesgo de morbimortalidad posoperatoria. Sin embargo, persisten barreras conceptuales, logísticas y administrativas que dificultan la implementación generalizada de protocolos para su manejo. El coordinador del proyecto convocó a un grupo multidisciplinar de ocho profesionales para elaborar un documento de consenso sobre el manejo de la anemia perioperatoria, con base a en serie puntos claves (PCs) relativos a su prevalencia, consecuencias, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Estos PCs fueron evaluados utilizando una escala Likert de 5 puntos, desde «totalmente en desacuerdo [1]» a «totalmente de acuerdo [5]». Cada PC se consideró consensuado si recibía una puntuación de 4 o 5 por al menos siete participantes (> 75%). A partir de los 36 PCs consensuados, se construyeron algoritmos diagnóstico-terapéuticos que pueden facilitar la implementación de programas de identificación precoz y manejo adecuado de la anemia perioperatoria, adaptados a las características de las instituciones hospitalarias de nuestro país.(AU)

Perioperative anemia is an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality. However, conceptual, logistical and administrative barriers persist that hinder the widespread implementation of protocols for their management. The project coordinator convened a multidisciplinary group of 9 experienced professionals to develop perioperative anemia management algorithms, based on a series of key points (KPs) related to its prevalence, consequences, diagnosis and treatment. These KPs were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, from “strongly disagree [1]” to “strongly agree [5]”. For each KP, consensus was reached when receiving a score of 4 or 5 from at least 7 participants (>75%). Based on the 36 KPs agreed upon, diagnostic-therapeutic algorithms were developed that we believe can facilitate the implementation of programs for early identification and adequate management of perioperative anemia, adapted to the characteristics of the different institutions in our country.(AU)

Uso de vasopresina en el postoperatorio de cirugía de Fontan: inferencias sobre morbimortalidad / Vasopressin use in postoperative Fontan surgery: implications for morbidity and mortality

Introducción: Se ha postulado que el uso de vasopresina tendría efectos beneficiosos en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiovascular. Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta a la vasopresina en el postoperatorio (POP) de cirugía de Fontan de nuestra población. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles anidados en una cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes con cirugía de Fontan entre 2014 y 2019. Se registraron variables demográficas, datos del cateterismo pre-Fontan, días de asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM), necesidad de inotrópicos, diuréticos, diálisis, dieta hipograsa, octreotide, sildenafil y nutrición parenteral total (NPT); balance de fluidos al primer y segundo día POP, necesidad de cateterismo en el POP, días de permanencia de tubo pleural, días de internación, necesidad de reinternación y mortalidad. Se compararon los grupos con y sin vasopresina utilizando la prueba de Mann- Whitney-Wilcoxon test. Se consideró significativa una p < 0.05. Resultados: Del total analizado, 35 pacientes recibieron vasopresina. En el grupo control fueron 58 pacientes con características similares de gravedad sin vasopresina. No se encontraron diferencias en la evolución postoperatoria entre ambos grupos. El grupo con vasopresina recibió en mayor proporción dieta hipograsa. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie el uso de vasopresina no marcó diferencias significativas en términos de morbimortalidad con relación al grupo control (AU)

Introduction: The use of vasopressin has been suggested to have beneficial effects in the postoperative period after cardiovascular surgery. Objective: To evaluate the response to vasopressin in the postoperative period (POP) of Fontan surgery in our population. Methods: Nested case-control study in a retrospective cohort. Patients who underwent Fontan surgery between 2014 and 2019 were included. Demographic variables, pre-Fontan catheterization data, days of mechanical ventilation (MRA), need for inotropics, diuretics, dialysis, low-fat diet, octreotide, sildenafil and total parenteral nutrition (TPN); fluid balance at first and second day POP, need for catheterization at POP, duration of chest tube drainage, days of hospitalization, need for readmission, and mortality were recorded. Groups with and without vasopressin were compared using the Mann-Whitney- Wilcoxon test. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of all patients analyzed, 35 received vasopressin. The control group consisted of 58 patients with similar severity characteristics who did not receive vasopressin. No differences were found in the postoperative outcome between the two groups. The vasopressin group received a higher proportion of low-fat diet. Conclusions: In our series the use of vasopressin did not show significant differences in terms of morbidity and mortality compared to the control group (AU)

MINICHAL e items predictores de peor calidad de vida en el varón con hipertensión arterial / MINICHAL and items predictors of worst quality of life in men with arterial hypertension

Fundamentos: la hipertensión arterial es el factor de riesgo modificable más importante para la morbimortalidad y un proble-ma de salud pública. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar los ítems predictores de peor calidad de vida (cv) en ambos dominios del cuestionario minichal y las variables asociadas.métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional de prevalencia en varones. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, de comor-bilidad, clínicas, de exploración, de control y parámetros séricos. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios minichal, cuestionario internacional de actividad física, puntuación internacional de sintomatología prostática e índice internacional de función eréctil. Aparte de los descriptivos habituales, se realizó una regresión logística bivariada y otra multivariada, determinando valores de odds ratio con intervalo de confianza al 95%. Resultados: se analizaron 262 hipertensos, de los cuales el 42% refirió peor calidad de vida en la dimensión estado mental frente al 47,3% en la dimensión manifestaciones somáticas. El análisis de regresión logística multivariada mostró como variables predictoras destacadas: el síndrome metabólico en el ítem dolor en el pecho sin hacer ningún esfuerzo; la presencia de síntomas de llenado en el ítem orinar más a menudo; la auscultación cardiopulmonar patológica en el ítem entumecimiento u hormigueo en alguna parte del cuerpo; la presencia de disfunción eréctil en el ítem dificultad para conciliar el sueño.conclusiones: todos los ítems del cuestionario minichal que valoran la dimensión manifestaciones somáticas provocan un im-pacto muy negativo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, y solo el ítem dificultad para conciliar el sueño en la dimensión estado mental.(AU)

Background: systemic arterial hypertension is the most important modificable risk factor for morbidity and mortality and a public health problem. The objective was to estímate ítems of worse quality of life (qol) in both domains of the minichal questionarie and the associated variables.methods: an observational study of prevalence in men was carried out. Sociodemographic, comorbidity, clinical, examination, control and serum parameters variables were collected. The following questionnaires were applied: minichal, international physical activity questionnaire, international score of prostatic symptomatology and international index of erectile function. Apart from the usual descriptive ones, a bivariate and a multivariate logistic regression were performed, determining odds ratio values with a 95% confidence interval.results: 262 hypertensive patients were analyzed, of which 42% reported worse quality of life in the mental state dimensión compared to 47.3% in the somatic manifestacions dimensión. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed as outstanding predictor variables: metabolic syndrome in the chest pain item without making any effort; the presence of filling symptoms in the item urinate more often; pathological cardiopulmonary auscultation in the item numbness or tingling in some part of the body; the presence of erectile dysfunction in the item difficulty falling asleep.conclusions: all the items of the minichal questionnaire that assess the somatic manifestations dimension have a very negati-ve impact on the quality of life of patients, and only the difficulty falling asleep item in the mental state dimension.(AU)

Morbimortalidade por zoonoses de acometimento respiratório em Minas Gerais: um estudo epidemiológico descritivo / Morbimortality due to respiratory affecting zoonoses in Minas Gerais: a descriptive epidemiological study

Objetivo: descrever os registros de óbitos e hospitalizações por zoonoses respiratórias em residentes de Minas Gerais, de 2000 a 2020. Métodos: utilizou-se abordagem quantitativa descritiva com dados secundários não nominais da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do estado. Os dados referem-se a 2000 a 2020 e foram retirados do SIM e SIH, sendo analisados sob a estatística descritiva. Resultados: registraram-se 46.178 hospitalizações e 13.317 óbitos, sendo os vírus os principais agentes nas taxas de internação e mortalidade, com pico em 2020. Entre 2000 e 2019, as internações foram predominantes em homens, faixa etária 0-17 anos (42,8%) e raça branca (13,6%), com maior mortalidade na faixa 45-59 anos (34,7%) e raça branca (54,0%). Em 2020, ambas predominaram em homens, acima de 60 anos e nas raças branca e parda. Conclusão: os achados contribuem para conhecer a ocorrência das zoonoses na população mineira e subsidiar futuras ações de vigilância e controle dessas doenças.

Objective: to describe the records of deaths and hospitalizations due to respiratory zoonoses in residents of Minas Gerais from 2000 to 2020. Methods: a descriptive quantitative approach was used with non-nominal secondary data from the State Department of Health. Data refers to the years between 2000-2020 and were taken from SIM and SIH, being analyzed under descriptive statistics. Results: there were 46,178 hospitalizations and 13,317 deaths, with viruses being the main agents in hospitalization and mortality rates, with a peak in 2020. Between 2000 and 2019, hospitalizations were predominant in men aged 0-17 years (42.8%) and white race (13.6%), with higher mortality in the 45-59 age group (34.7%) and white race (54.0%). In 2020, both predominated in men over 60 years old, both in white and Hispanic races. Conclusion: the findings explain the occurrence of zoonoses in the population of Minas Gerais and support future surveillance and control actions for these diseases.

Lupus eritematoso sistémico pediátrico asociado a hepatitis autoinmune y síndrome nefrítico: Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / syndrome: A case report and review of the literature

Introducción: El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune que puede afectar a múltiples órganos. Las patologías asociadas como: la hepatitis y la nefritis lúpica no son frecuentes en la población infantil, pero conllevan a consecuencias graves con riesgo de insuficiencia hepática y enfermedad renal crónica, aumentando la mor-bimortalidad en los pacientes pediátricos. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 11 años con cuadro clínico caracterizado por: astenia, hiporexia, epistaxis, prurito e ictericia marcada, de cuatro meses de evolución, sin diagnóstico establecido. Se solicitó estudios de laboratorio que reportaron aumento de transaminasas, proteinuria, ANAS y AC. DNA positivo, además se realizaron estudios de imagen, biopsia renal y hepática, con la finalidad de esclarecer el diagnóstico. Evolución: A través de un abordaje clínico multidisciplinar, exámenes paraclínicos y anatomopatológicos se estableció el diagnóstico de LES asociado a Hepatitis Autoinmune y Nefritis Lúpica. Paciente permaneció en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos con evolución favorable a tratamiento. Conclusiones: El LES Pediátrico asociado a hepatitis autoinmune y nefritis lúpica es una rara presentación clínica de la cual existen muy pocos casos reportados a nivel mundial. En su diagnóstico se debe resaltar la perspicacia clínica multi-disciplinar, laboratorio, imagenología y datos histopatológicos clave para establecer un diagnóstico oportuno con mejor pronóstico y tratamiento y así evitar desenlaces mortales en los pacientes pediátricos.

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs. Associated pathologies such as hepatitis and lupus nephritis are not frequent in the child population. Still, they lead to serious consequences with the risk of liver failure and chronic kidney disease, increasing morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. Clinical case: An 11-year-old male patient with a clinical picture characterized by: asthenia, hypoxia, epistaxis, pruritus, and marked jaundice, of four months of evolution, without an established diagnosis. Laboratory studies were requested that reported increased transaminases, proteinuria, ANAS, and AC. Positive DNA, imaging studies, and kidney and liver biopsy were also performed to clarify the diagnosis. Evolution: Through a multidisciplinary clinical approach, and paraclinical and pathological examinations, the diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus associated with Autoimmune Hepatitis and Lupus Nephritis was established. The patient remained in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit with favorable evolution to treatment. Conclusions: Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus associated with autoimmune hepatitis and lupus nephritis is a rare clinical presentation of which very few cases are reported worldwide. In its diagnosis, multidisciplinary clinical acumen, laboratory, imaging, and critical histopathological data should be highlighted to establish an opportune diagnosis with better prognosis and treatment and thus avoid fatal outcomes in pediatric patients.

Accuracy of mortality indicators due sepsis-associated deaths in the Federal District / Acurácia dos indicadores de mortalidade devido a sepse dos óbitos ocorridos no Distrito Federal / Precisión de los indicadores de mortalidad por sepsis de las defunciones ocurridas en el Distrito Federal

Background: Sepsis currently represents a challenge for health systems, this fact may be related to the spread of bacterial resistance, the increase in the population of elderly, immunosuppressed individuals, and the improvement of emergency care, favoring the survival of critically ill patients. This article aimed to evaluate the accuracy of mortality indicators due to sepsis in 2018. Method: Validation study of death certificates that occurred in the Federal District in 2018. Declarations whose basic causes of death identified were classified as garbage codes were identified, which were investigated by a multidisciplinary team, capable of reclassifying them with codes that allow for the improvement of health data. In order to assess accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios of death certificates from sepsis were calculated, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 6.244 statements were evaluated, of which 233 (3.74%) presented sepsis as the underlying cause before being investigated and only 35 (0.56%) maintained it after the investigation. The filling of statements with sepsis as the underlying cause by physicians showed a sensitivity of 0.9% (95%CI: 0.6 to 1.3) and a specificity of 92.0% (95%CI: 90.9 to 93.1). Conclusion: The low accuracy of the declarations demonstrates the non-reliability of the underlying cause of death from sepsis, especially the completion of death certificates that occurred in the Federal District in 2018.(AU)

Justificativa: A sepse, atualmente, representa um desafio para os sistemas de saúde, tal fato pode estar relacionado com a disseminação da resistência bacteriana, o aumento da população de idosos, os indivíduos imunossuprimidos, e a melhoria do atendimento de emergência, favorecendo a sobrevivência de pacientes críticos. Este artigo teve por objetivo avaliar a acurácia dos indicadores de mortalidade devido à sepse em 2018. Método: Estudo de validação da causa básica dos óbitos ocorridos no Distrito Federal em 2018. Foram identificadas as declarações de óbito cujas causas básicas de morte apontadas foram classificadas como garbage code sepse, as quais foram investigadas por uma equipe multidisciplinar, capacitada para reclassificá-las com códigos que permitem o aprimoramento dos dados em saúde. A fim de avaliar a acurácia, foram calculados os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo, razões de verossimilhança positiva e negativa das declarações dos óbitos por sepse, com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Um total de 6.244 declarações foram avaliadas, das quais 233 (3,74%) apresentavam a sepse como causa básica antes de serem investigadas e apenas 35 (0,56%) mantiveram-na após a investigação. O preenchimento das declarações com a sepse enquanto causa básica pelos médicos apresentou sensibilidade de 0,9% (IC95%: 0,6 a 1,3) e especificidade de 92,0% (IC95%: 90,9 a 93,1). Conclusão: A baixa acurácia das declarações demonstra a não fidedignidade da causa básica de óbito por sepse, sobretudo, do preenchimento das declarações dos óbitos ocorridos no Distrito Federal em 2018.(AU)

Justificación: Sepsis representa en la actualidad un desafío para los sistemas de salud, este hecho puede estar relacionado con propagación de resistencias bacterianas, aumento de la población de ancianos, inmunodeprimidos, y mejora de la atención de urgencias, favoreciendo la supervivencia de los pacientes críticos. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la precisión de los indicadores de mortalidad por sepsis en 2018. Método: Estudio de validación de causa básica de muertes ocurridas en Distrito Federal en 2018. Se identificaron actas de defunción cuyas causas básicas de muerte fueron clasificadas como sepsis código basura y fueron investigadas por un equipo multidisciplinario capacitado para reclasificarlas con códigos que permitan la mejora de datos de salud. Para evaluar la precisión, se calcularon sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos positivo y negativo y razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa de certificados de defunción por sepsis, con intervalos de confianza del 95%. Resultados: se evaluaron 6.244 declaraciones, de las cuales 233 (3,74%) tenían como causa básica la sepsis antes de ser investigadas y solo 35 (0,56%) mantuvieron después de investigación. Realización de declaraciones con sepsis como causa subyacente por parte de los médicos mostró sensibilidad del 0,9% (95%IC: 0,6 a 1,3) y especificidad del 92,0% (95%IC: 90,9 a 93,1). Conclusión: Baja precisión de las declaraciones demuestra la poca confiabilidad de la causa subyacente de muerte por sepsis, especialmente la finalización de los certificados de defunción ocurridos en Distrito Federal en 2018.(AU)

Tratamiento quirúrgico del colangiocarcinoma extrahepático / Surgical Treatment of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Introducción: El colangiocarcinoma constituye la neoplasia de la vía biliar más frecuente, la cual es responsable de una alta morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Determinar la morbilidad y la mortalidad por colangiocarcinoma extrahepático en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y observacional de pacientes que ingresaron en el Servicio de Cirugía General con diagnóstico de colangiocarcinoma extrahepático entre septiembre de 2018 y enero del 2022. El universo estuvo conformado por 21 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos descriptivos y cálculos con valores porcentuales. Resultados: La mayor incidencia de los pacientes fueron del sexo masculino y blancos, con el 71,4 por ciento y el 85,7 por ciento respectivamente. Predominó el adenocarcinoma como variedad histológica con un 85,7 por ciento, así como el colangiocarcinoma proximal y la variante esclerosante de su clasificación. El 71,4 por ciento de los pacientes egresaron vivos y con una cirugía con finalidad curativa. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes fueron masculinos, de color blanco y de procedencia rural. Los hallazgos más frecuentes fueron la localización proximal y la variante esclerosante. A más de la mitad de los pacientes se les realizó procedimiento de Hess y Whipple con finalidad curativa. La fuga biliar, el adenocarcinoma como tipo histológico y el estado al egreso vivo prevaleció en todos los pacientes(AU)

Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma is the most frequent biliary tract neoplasm responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine morbidity and mortality due to extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the surgery service of Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech. Methods: A descriptive, prospective and observational study was carried out with patients admitted to the general surgery service with a diagnosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma between September 2018 and January 2022. The study universe consisted of 21 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive statistical methods and calculations with percentage values were used. Results: The highest incidence of patients were male and white-skinned, accounting for 71.4 percent and 85.7 percent, respectively. Adenocarcinoma predominated as histological variety, representing 85.7 percent, together with proximal cholangiocarcinoma and the sclerosing variant of its classification. 71.4 percent of the patients were discharged alive and after curative surgery. Conclusions: Most of the patients were male, white-skinned and from rural origin. The most frequent findings were a proximal location and the sclerosing variant. Over half the patients underwent Hess and Whipple procedure with curative purpose. Biliary leakage, adenocarcinoma as histologic type, and the condition of alive at discharge prevailed in all patients(AU)

Análise da internação e mortalidade por HIV no Brasil, 2016-2020 / Analysis of hospitalization and HIV mortality in Brazil, 2016-2020 / Análisis de la hospitalización y la mortalidad por VIH en Brasil, 2016-2020

Apesar dos avanços programáticos conquistados na atenção às pessoas que vivem com HIV no Brasil, os índices de morbimortalidade atribuídos à infecção ainda são altos e heterogêneos no território nacional. Destarte, entende-se que os aspectos epidemiológicos do HIV devam ser analisados em consonância com as características e delimitações geográficas. Este estudo objetivou analisar os coeficientes de internação hospitalar e de mortalidade por HIV, segundo regiões do Brasil, de 2016 a 2020. Tratou-se de um estudo ecológico das regiões brasileiras, com dados extraídos das plataformas públicas de informação, referentes ao período de 2016 a 2020. Procedeu-se a análise por meio de estatística descritiva e, baseado nos coeficientes regionais de internação hospitalar e mortalidade calculados, foram derivadas ilustrações geográficas por meio do software QGIS, a partir do mapa do Brasil, divisado por regiões. Os resultados apontaram que as internações por HIV apresentaram queda em todas as regiões ao longo do período, contudo, o Sudeste se manteve abaixo da média nacional. Com relação aos óbitos, a queda foi observada em todas as regiões, com menor variação no Nordeste e Norte. Ademais, as regiões Sul e Norte seguiram com os maiores coeficientes de mortalidade do país durante todo o período analisado, enquanto as demais ficaram abaixo da média nacional. Pontua-se a necessidade de novas investigações quanto às especificidades regionais de conformação e organização da rede de atenção no que se refere à oferta de ações e serviços de saúde, bem como das condições socioeconômicas e comportamentais que influem no curso da infecção pelo HIV.

A pesar de los avances programáticos alcanzados en la atención de las personas que viven con el VIH en Brasil, las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad atribuidas a la infección aún son elevadas y heterogéneas en el territorio nacional. Así, se entiende que los aspectos epidemiológicos del VIH deben ser analizados de acuerdo con las características y límites geográficos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los coeficientes de hospitalización y mortalidad por VIH, según regiones de Brasil, de 2016 a 2020. Se trata de un estudio ecológico de regiones brasileñas, con datos extraídos de plataformas de información pública, referentes al período de 2016 a 2020. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y, a partir de los coeficientes de ingreso hospitalario regional y mortalidad calculados, se derivaron ilustraciones geográficas utilizando el software QGIS, a partir del mapa de Brasil, dividido por regiones. Los resultados mostraron que las hospitalizaciones por VIH disminuyeron en todas las regiones en el período, sin embargo, el Sudeste se mantuvo por debajo del promedio nacional. En cuanto a las muertes, la caída se observó en todas las regiones, con menor variación en el Nordeste y Norte. Además, las regiones Sur y Norte continuaron presentando las tasas de mortalidad más altas del país durante todo el período analizado, mientras que las demás se ubicaron por debajo del promedio nacional. Existe la necesidad de mayores investigaciones sobre las especificidades regionales de conformación y organización de la red de atención en lo que se refiere a la provisión de acciones y servicios de salud, así como las condiciones socioeconómicas y conductuales que influyen en el curso de la infección por el VIH.

Despite the programmatic advances achieved in the care of people living with HIV in Brazil, the morbidity and mortality rates attributed to the infection are still high and heterogeneous in the national territory. Thus, it is understood that the epidemiological aspects of HIV should be analyzed in accordance with the characteristics and geographical boundaries. This study aimed to analyze the coefficients of hospitalization and mortality from HIV, according to regions of Brazil, from 2016 to 2020. This was an ecological study of Brazilian regions, with data extracted from public information platforms, referring to the period 2016 to 2020. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and, based on the calculated regional hospital admission and mortality coefficients, geographic illustrations were derived using the QGIS software, from the map of Brazil, divided by regions. The results showed that hospitalizations for HIV decreased in all regions over the period; however, the Southeast remained below the national average. Regarding deaths, the drop was observed in all regions, with less variation in the Northeast and North. Furthermore, the South and North regions continued to have the highest mortality rates in the country throughout the analyzed period, while the others were below the national average. There is a need for further investigations regarding the regional specificities of conformation and organization of the care network with regard to the provision of health actions and services, as well as the socioeconomic and behavioral conditions that influence the course of HIV infection.

Ruptura prematura de membranas ovulares / Premature rupture of ovular membranes

La ruptura prematura de las membranas ovulares se define como la pérdida de la integridad del amnios y corion antes del inicio del trabajo de parto, afecta el 3 % de los embarazos, causa un tercio de los partos pretérminos, los cuales ocupan el 10,49 % de los nacimientos y es el origen de altos índices de morbimortalidad perinatal. En la actualidad, el manejo de esta patología se orienta principalmente en evitar los factores de riesgo, hacer un diagnóstico adecuado, determinar la edad gestacional en que ocurre, realizar el monitoreo exhaustivo del bienestar materno-fetal y en decidir el momento idóneo de finalización de la gestación para minimizar sus complicaciones. Debido a la compleja y lábil estructura histológica de las membranas ovulares, se ha dejado a un lado el tratamiento directo de la entidad el cual sería sellar o reparar el defecto en sí. En los últimos años, numerosos estudios y protocolos clínicos de prestigiosos centros asistenciales han servido como guía para el manejo de esta entidad, pero en muy pocos se observa una terapia destinada a la reparación de dichas membranas o en sellar tal defecto. Las evidencias científicas demuestran que la regeneración y reparación de las membranas es lenta y compleja y los tratamientos propuestos para reparar o sellar su defecto no han gozado de la aceptación científica para su aprobación, sin embargo, el uso del parche hemático transvaginal endocervical autólogo luce como una alternativa terapéutica prometedora(AU)

The premature rupture of the ovular membranes is defined as the loss of the integrity of the amnion and chorion before the on set of labor, affects 3% of pregnancies, causes athird of preterm births which occupy 10,49% of births and is the origin of high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. At present, the management of this pathology is mainly oriented towards avoiding risk factors, making an adequate diagnosis, determining the gestational age in which it occurs, carrying out exhaustive monitoring of maternal-fetal well-being and deciding the ideal moment to end the treatment. Pregnancy to minimizeits complications. Due to the complex and labile histological structure of the ovular membranes, the direct treatment of the entity has been set a side, which would be to seal or repairthe defect it self. In recent years, numerous studies and clinicalprotocols from prestigious health care centers have served as aguide for the management of this entity, but very few have observed a therapy aimed at repairing said membranes or sealing such a defect. Scientific evidence shows that the regeneration and repair of the membranes is slow and complex and the treatment sproposed to repair or seal their defect have not enjoyed scientific acceptance for their approval, how ever, the use of the autologous endocervical transvaginal blood patch looks like a promising therapeutic alternative(AU)

Factors associated with severe maternal, fetuses and neonates' outcomes in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro State / Fatores associados a desfechos graves maternos, fetais e neonatais em um hospital universitário do estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the burden of parturients, fetuses and neonate's severe morbidity and mortality and investigate the association between maternal and their conceptus outcomes. Methods: retrospective cohort of 546 parturients and their conceptus in a university hospital, reference for high-risk pregnancy, in the metropolitan region II of Rio de Janeiro State from 2015 to 2017. We classified parturients according to obstetric morbidity (OM) in direct, indirect, or mixed, and their outcomes as: 1) no severity, 2) severe complication (SC), 3) critical intervention/Intensive Care Unit, and 4) greater severity -maternal near-miss (MNM) or death. We evaluated the conceptus as neonatal near-miss (NNM) and fetal and neonatal deaths. We estimated morbimortality indicators and associated factors (multinomial logistic regression). Results: OM was frequent: 29.3% indirect, 22.3% direct, and 15.8% mixed. There were eight cases of NMM, seven with direct MO. Among the conceptus: 7.5% were NNM cases and 4.4%, deaths. The risk of severe maternal outcomes was 16.8 and neonatal, 102.6/1000 live births. Mixed race, inadequate prenatal care, CG and NMM/death, were associated with NNM. Inadequate prenatal care and maternal NM/death were associated with conceptus deaths. Conclusion: even in a reference unit, sociodemographic, and health care inequalities negatively affect mothers and, consequently, their children.

Resumo Objetivos: estimar a carga de morbidade grave e mortalidade em parturientes, fetos e neonatos e investigar a associação entre os desfechos maternos e de seus conceptos. Métodos: coorte retrospectiva de 546 parturientes e seus conceptos no hospital universitário referência para gravidez de alto risco da região metropolitana II do estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ), de 2015 a 2017. Classificamos as parturientes segundo morbidade obstétrica (MO) em direta, indireta e mista, e seus desfechos como: 1) sem gravidade, 2) complicação grave (CG), 3) intervenção crítica/ Unidade Terapia Intensiva e 4) maior gravidade-near miss materno (NMM) ou óbito. Avaliamos os conceptos quanto a near miss neonatal (NMN), óbitos fetais e neonatais. Estimamos indicadores de morbimortalidade, e fatores de associação (regressão logística multinomial). Resultados: MO foi frequente: 29,3% indiretas, 22,3% diretas e 15,8% mista. Ocorreram oito casos de NMM, sete com MO direta. Entre os conceptos,7,5% foram casos de NMN e 4,4%, óbitos. O risco de desfecho grave materno foi 16,8 e neonatal, 102,6 p/1000 nascidos vivos. Estiveram associados ao NMN: cor parda, pré-natal inadequado, CG e NMM/óbito; e ao óbito do concepto: pré-natal inadequado e NMM/óbito. Conclusão: mesmo em situação de referência, desigualdades sociodemográficas e assistenciais afetam negativamente mães e, consequentemente, seus conceptos.

Differences between violence against children and adolescents in Maranhão, Brazil, 2009-2019 / Diferenças entre violências contra crianças e adolescentes no Maranhão, Brasil, 2009-2019

Abstract Objectives: to analyze differences between violence against children and adolescents according to characteristics of cases, probable perpetrators, occurrences and typologies and compare their temporal and spatial distributions. Methods: data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), Maranhão, from 2009-2019. Results: 4,457 notifications of violence against children and 5,826 against adolescents were analyzed. In the 11 years investigated, violence against children was more frequent in 2015 and 2016 and in five of the 19 Maranhão Health Regions. Violence against males was more frequent in childhood and against females prevailed mostly in adolescence (p<0.001). While mothers (p<0.001), fathers (p=0.029) and caregivers (p<0.001) were most frequently accused of violence against children, friends/ acquaintances (p<0.001), spouses/boyfriends/girlfriends (p<0.001) and strangers (p<0.001) mainly assaulted adolescents. Violence motivated by sexism (p=0.006), generational conflict (p<0.001), street situation (p=0.002) and disability (p=0.035) were more frequent in adolescence. Physical (p<0.001), sexual (p<0.001) and psychological/moral (p<0.001) violence, torture (p<0.001) and self-aggression (p<0.001) were most commonly reported in adolescence and neglect/abandonment predominated was mostly reported against children (p<0.001). Conclusions: violence against children and adolescents residing in the state of Maranhão and notified in SINAN were distinct phenomena in relation to the characteristics of cases, probable authors, occurrences, and typologies.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar diferenças entre violências praticadas contra crianças e adolescentes segundo características de casos, prováveis autores, ocorrências e tipologias e comparar suas distribuições temporais e espaciais. Métodos: os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), Maranhão, de 2009-2019. Resultados: foram analisadas 4.457 notificações de violências contra crianças e 5.826 contra adolescentes. Nos 11 anos investigados, violências contra crianças predominaram em 2015 e 2016 e em cinco de 19 Regiões de Saúde maranhenses. Violências contra casos do sexo masculino foram mais frequentes na infância e contra pessoas do sexo feminino prevaleceram na adolescência (p<0,001). Enquanto mães (p<0,001), pais (p=0,029) e cuidadores (p<0,001) foram mais acusados de violência contra crianças, amigos/conhecidos (p<0,001), cônjuges/namorados(as) (p<0,001) e desconhecidos (p<0,001) teriam agredido principalmente adolescentes. Violências motivadas por sexismo (p=0,006), conflito geracional (p<0,001), situação de rua (p=0,002) e deficiência (p=0,035) foram mais frequentes na adolescência. Violências física (p<0,001), sexual (p<0,001) e psicológica/moral (p<0,001), tortura (p<0,001) e autoagressões (p<0,001) foram mais notificadas na adolescência e negligência/abandono predominou contra crianças (p<0,001). Conclusões: violências contra crianças e adolescentes estudadas se mostraram como fenômenos distintos em relação a características de casos, prováveis autores, ocorrências e tipologias sugerindo a necessidade de considerar suas especificidades nos planejamentos e avaliações de programas e projetos de enfrentamentos.

Conhecimento das puérperas em relação ao parto humanizado e às vias de parto / Knowledge of puerperal women towards humanized delivery and modes of delivery

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento das puérperas em relação ao parto humanizado e às vias de parto. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal com 369 puérperas que realizaram seu parto em um hospital público de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Aplicação de dois questionários que avaliaram características demográficas e socioeconômicas, informações sobre a gestação e o pré-natal, conhecimento de humanização e vias de parto, e atitude em relação às vias de parto. Resultados: Entre as puérperas, 72% afirmaram já terem ouvido falar no termo "parto humanizado", porém, dessas, 52,6% deram uma definição inadequada. E 48,2% obtiveram baixo conhecimento acerca das vias de parto, e 58,2% expressaram atitude positiva em relação à cesárea. Houve associação entre conhecimento prévio sobre parto humanizado e renda (p = 0,001), escolaridade (p < 0,0001), número de consultas de pré-natal (p = 0,023), busca de informações sobre as vias de parto (p < 0,0001) e preferência de parto (p = 0,011). Houve correlação do conhecimento acerca das vias de parto com renda (p = 0,044), escolaridade (p = 0,003), busca de informações sobre as vias de parto (p = 0,007) e atitude em relação à cesárea (p < 0,0001). Conclusão: Observou-se baixo conhecimento acerca das vias de parto e parto humanizado, e características como renda, escolaridade, busca por informações de forma independente e número de consultas de pré-natal possuem associação com esses conhecimentos. Um pré-natal com adequada transmissão de conhecimento relaciona-se à preferência pelo parto normal, sendo essa uma estratégia para a redução das taxas de cesárea e, consequentemente, da morbimortalidade materno-fetal.

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of postpartum women in relation to humanized del ivery and delivery methods. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study with 369 postpartum women who delivered in a public hospital in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Application of two questionnaires, which evaluated demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, information about pregnancy and prenatal care, knowledge of humanization and delivery methods, attitude towards delivery methods. Results: 72% of postpartum women said they had already heard the term "humanized childbirth", however, of these 52.6% gave an inadequate definition. 48.2% had low knowledge about delivery methods. 58.2% expressed a positive attitude towards cesarean section. There was an association between prior knowledge about humanized childbirth and income (p = 0.001), schooling (p < 0.0001), number of prenatal consultations (p = 0.023), search for information about delivery methods (p < 0 .0001), birth preference (p = 0.011). There was a correlation between knowledge about the modes of delivery with income (p = 0.044), education (p = 0.003), search for information about the modes of delivery (p = 0.007), attitude towards cesarean section (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: There was a low knowledge about the ways of delivery and humanized delivery, and characteristics such as income, education, search for information independently and the number of prenatal consultations have an association with this knowledge. A prenatal care with adequate transmission of knowledge is related to the preference for normal delivery, which is a strategy for reducing cesarean rates and, consequently, maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality.

La clasificación 4A para pacientes con insuficiencia tricuspídea / The 4A classification for patients with tricuspid regurgitation

Introducción y objetivos: La insuficiencia tricuspídea (IT) significativa se asocia con un aumento de la morbimortalidad. La valoración clínica del paciente con IT es un reto. Nuestro objetivo es establecer una nueva clasificación clínica, específica para pacientes con IT, denominada clasificación 4A, y evaluar su impacto pronóstico. Métodos: Se incluyó a pacientes evaluados en la clínica valvular, con IT aislada al menos grave y ausencia de antecedentes de insuficiencia cardiaca (IC). Se recogieron síntomas y signos de astenia, edema en extremidades inferiores, dolor o distensión abdominal y anorexia (asthenia, ankle swelling, abdominal pain or distention and anorexia) y se realizó un seguimiento cada 6 meses. La clasificación 4A abarca desde A0 (ninguna A) a A3 (3 o 4 Aes). Se definió un resultado combinado de ingreso hospitalario debido a IC derecha o muerte de causa cardiovascular. Resultados: Se incluyó a 135 pacientes con IT significativa entre 2016 y 2021 (el 69% mujeres; media de edad, 78±7 años). Durante un seguimiento medio de 26 [intervalo intercuartílico, 10-41] meses, 53 pacientes (39%) alcanzaron el resultado combinado. Ingresaron por IC 46 (34%) y murió un 5% (n=7). Al inicio, el 94% de los pacientes se encontraban en NYHA I o II, mientras que el 24% ya presentaba A2 o A3. La presencia de A2 o A3 se asoció con una alta incidencia de eventos. El cambio en la puntuación de la clasificación 4A fue un marcador independiente de IC y muerte cardiovascular (HR ajustada por unidad de cambio de la clasificación 4A=1,95 [1,37-2,77]; p <0,001). Conclusiones: Se muestra una nueva clasificación clínica específica para pacientes con IT basada en signos y síntomas de IC derecha y predictora de eventos.

Introduction and objectives: Significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Clinical evaluation of TR patients is challenging. Our aim was to establish a new clinical classification specific for patients with TR, the 4A classification, and evaluate its prognostic performance. Methods: We included patients with isolated TR that was at least severe and without previous episodes of heart failure (HF) who were assessed in the heart valve clinic. We registered signs and symptoms of asthenia, ankle swelling, abdominal pain or distention and/or anorexia and followed up the patients every 6 months. The 4A classification ranged from A0 (no A) to A3 (3 or 4 As present). We defined a combined endpoint consisting of hospital admission due to right HF or cardiovascular mortality. Results: We included 135 patients with significant TR between 2016 and 2021 (69% females, mean age 78±7 years). During a median follow-up of 26 [IQR, 10-41] months, 39% (n=53) patients had the combined endpoint: 34% (n=46) were admitted for HF and 5% (n=7) died. At baseline, 94% of the patients were in NYHA I or II, while 24% were in classes A2 or A3. The presence of A2 or A3 conferred a high incidence of events. The change in 4A class remained an independent marker of HF and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR per unit of change of 4A class, 1.95 [1.37-2.77]; P<.001). Conclusions: This study reports a novel clinical classification specifically for patients with TR that is based on signs and symptoms of right HF and has prognostic value for events.(AU)

Circunferencia de cintura: un indicador de sobrepeso y obesidad / Waist circumference: an indicator of overweight and obesity

Objetivo: Conocer actualizaciones recientes acerca del uso de la Circunferencia de Cintura (CC), para evaluar sobrepeso y obesidad, en diferentes grupos etareos. Métodos: Se seleccionaron, para meta análisis, 19 artículos, de ellos, 9 de niños y adolescentes, 6 de adultos y 4 de adultos mayores; un artículo incluye a los tres grupos etarios, se analizaron las categorías: muestra, objetivos, variables, conclusión. Resultados: promedios similares en niños y adolescentes, no significativos; en jóvenes universitarios, cantidades parecidas, aunque ligeramente elevados en varones, en adultos: promedios significativos y mayor en las mujeres, aumentan con la edad hasta los 49 años y luego disminuyen; en adultos mayores son más altos en mujeres. La CC correlacionada con índice de masa corporal (IMC), peso e índice cintura-talla .ICT); tiene alta sensibilidad y especificidad, presentes en todos los artículos. Conclusión: la CC se distribuye como una normal, su comportamiento es sistemático y consistente, se correlación con el IMC y con el Peso; la regresión logística revela su alta sensibilidad y especificidad, se recomienda la medición de la CC para evaluar sobrepeso y obesidad(AU)

Impacto del control de la tensión arterial sobre la morbimortalidad en pacientes hipertensos mayores de 65 años en el ámbito comunitario / Impact of blood pressure control on morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients aged 65 years and over in the community setting

Objetivo: evaluar el impacto del control de la tensión arterial (TA) sobre la morbimortalidad en > 65 años, sin patología cardiovascular previa, en el ámbito comunitario. Métodos: estudio de cohortes retrospectivas. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes (≥ 65 años) con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial (HTA) (01/01/2007-31/12/2008), sin eventos cardiovasculares previos de los centros de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid, con al menos dos registros de TA el primer año de seguimiento (n = 17.150). Se evaluaron la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares (incluida mortalidad cardiovascular) y la mortalidad total, mediante regresión de Cox. Resultados: la mediana de seguimiento para mortalidad fue de 129,58 meses (rango intercuartil [RIC]: 120,41-136,94 meses). Se produjeron 8.641 eventos cardiovasculares y 4.073 muertes por cualquier causa. Ajustado por género, grado de hipertensión, tabaquismo, diabetes e hipercolesterolemia, el buen control (TA < 140/90 mmHg) no se asociaba con una disminución de eventos cardiovasculares, pero sí con una disminución de mortalidad del 14,41% (hazard ratio [HR] 0,8559; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95%: 0,7776-0,9421%) entre 75 y 84 años. Cuando se utilizan las cifras de 130/80 mmHg para definir el buen control, este se asociaba con un exceso de mortalidad del 43,58% (IC 95%: 19,60-72,36%) entre 65 y 74 años y del 61,22% (IC 95%: 22,99-111,35%) en sujetos de 85 y más años. Conclusión: el control de la TA en sujetos >65 años se asocia con una disminución ligera de la mortalidad entre 75 y 84 años. Cifras de control más estrictas se relacionan con mayor ocurrencia de evento cardiovascular y de mortalidad, especialmente en el grupo de mayor edad.(AU)

Objective: to assess the impact of blood pressure (BP) control on morbidity and mortality in over 65-year-olds, without previous cardiovascular pathology, in a community setting. Methods: retrospective cohort study. All patients (≥65 years) with a diagnosis of HT (01/01/2007-31/12/2008), without previous cardiovascular events (CVD), with at least two BP recordings in the first year of follow-up) from every health centres in the Community of Madrid were included (n = 17,150). The occurrence of CVD (including CV mortality) and total mortality were assessed using Cox regression. Results: the median follow-up for mortality was 129.58 months (IQR: 120.41-136.94 months). There were 8,641 CVDs and 4,073 deaths from any cause. Adjusted for gender, hypertension severity, smoking, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, good control (BP < 140/90 mmHg) was not associated with a decrease in CVD, but was associated with a 14.41% decrease in mortality (HR 0.8559, 95% CI: 0.7776- 0.9421) between 75 and 84 years. When threshold of 130/80 mmHg is used to define good control, this was associated with an excess mortality of 43.58% (95% CI 19.60-72.36%) between 65 and 74 years and 61.22% (95% CI 22.99-111.35%) in subjects aged 85 and over. Conclusion: BP control in people over 65 years of age is associated with a slight decrease in mortality between 75 and 84 years of age. Tighter control figures are associated with a higher incidence of CVD and mortality, especially in the older age group.(AU)

Trombosis arterial aguda de miembros inferiores en pacientes infectadospor la COVID-19: experiencia en un hospital nacional de Perú / Acute lower limb arterial thrombosis in COVID-19 infected patients: experience in a national hospital in Peru

Introducción y objetivo: la pandemia por la COVID-19 se ha asociado a una serie de condiciones clínicas vasculares de tipo trombosis arterial aguda de miembros inferiores (TAAmI), que se han relacionado con un elevada morbimortalidad y pérdida de la extremidad afectada. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las carácterísticas clínico-quirúrgicas de los pacientes infectados por la COVID-19 y con TAAmI en un hospital nacional de Perú. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati martins desde marzo del 2020 a febrero del 2022. Las principales variables consideradas fueron el estadio clínico de la COVID-19, exámenes de laboratorio, grado, tiempo y ubicación del TAAmI, tratamiento, tipo de amputación, mortalidad y supervivencia a 30 días. Resultados: se analizaron 96 pacientes (edad media: 62,9 años), principalmente varones (61,45 %), y la principal comorbilidad fue la diabetes (54,16 %). El tiempo medio de TAAmI fue de 11,5 horas y el 25 % del total de pacientes presentó la infección severa de la COVID-19. El principal marcador Rutherford fue IIB (32,29 %) y las principales arterias afectadas pertenecieron al segmento femoropoplíteo (femoral superfi cial: 41,81 %) e infrapoplíteo (tibial anterior: 39,67 %). La tromboembolectomía (60,41 %) fue el principal tratamiento quirúrgico y el 55,17 % de los pacientes terminaron en amputación. La supervivencia y la mortalidad a 30 días fue del 46,8 % y del 53,2 %, respectivamente. Las principales causas de mortalidad fueron la difi cultad respiratoria severa (69,41 %) y el shock séptico (22,94 %). Conclusiones: el diagnóstico precoz y el manejo oportuno de la TAAmI determinan un factor importante para el pronóstico del paciente; sin embargo, las comorbilidades asociadas, la gravedad de la infección por la COVID-19, tiempos prolongados de isquemia, infección sobreagregada y los estados hiperinfl amatorios relacionados terminan dirigiendo...(AU)

Introduction and objective: the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a series of clinical vascular conditions of the Acute Arterial Thrombosis of the Lower Limbs (AATLL) type and which have been associated with highmorbidity and mortality and loss of the affected limb. The objective of the study was to describe the clinical-surgicalcharacteristics of patients infected with COVID-19 and TAAmI in a national hospital in Peru. Methods: observational, descriptive; and retrospective study carried out at the Edgardo Rebagliati martins NationalHospital from march 2020-February 2022. The main variables considered were the clinical stage of COVID-19, lab-oratory tests, grade, time and location of the TAAmI, treatment, type of amputation, mortality; and 30-day survival. Results: 96 patients (mean age, 62.9 years) mainly male (61.45 %) were analyzed; and the main comorbidity was diabetes (54.16 %). The mean TAAmI time was 11.5 hours, and 25 % of all patients presented severe COVID-19 infection.The main Rutherford Score was IIB (32.29 %) and the main affected arteries belonged to the femoro-popliteal segment(superficial femoral, 41.81 %) and infra-popliteal (anterior tibial, 39.67 %). Thromboembolectomy (60.41 %) was the mainsurgical treatment and 55.17 % of the patients ended in amputation. Survival and mortality at 30 days were 46.8 % and53.2 %, respectively. The main causes of mortality were severe respiratory distress (69.41 %) and septic shock (22.94 %).Conclusions: early diagnosis and timely management of TAAmI determines an important factor for the patient'sprognosis; however, the associated comorbidities, severity of the COVID-19 infection, prolonged times of ischemia,superimposed infection and related hyperinflammatory states, end up directing the patient's destiny towards aseries of complications that include amputation, functional limitation and associated mortality.(AU)

Características de las intoxicaciones por drogas atendidas en once servicios de urgencias españoles: Análisis diferenciado por sexo / Characteristics of drug poisonings treated in eleven Spanish emergency departments: Differentiated analysis by sex

Con el objetivo de identificar, con perspectiva de género, las diferencias sociodemográficas, clínicas, manejo en urgencias y gravedad de las intoxicaciones por drogas atendidas en Servicios de Urgencias Hospitalarias (SUH), se registraron todos los pacientes atendidos en 11 SUH españoles durante 24 meses (agosto 2017-julio 2019). La gravedad de la intoxicación se basó en el evento adverso combinado (intubación orotraqueal, parada cardiorrespiratoria, hospitalización en intensivos, y muerte), comparándose según el sexo. Cuando se encontraron diferencias significativas en sintomatología o gravedad, los resultados se ajustaron por características sociodemográficas y drogas consumidas. Se incluyeron 4.526 pacientes (hombres 75,5%), con edad media de 33 años. Las drogas más frecuentes fueron cocaína (47,8%), cánnabis (44,4%) y anfetaminas (25,5%). Hubo más GHB en hombres (5,6% vs 1,9%, p < ,001) y más benzodiacepinas (8,0% vs 11,1%, p = ,002) y alcohol (57,2% vs 61,2%, p = ,028) en mujeres, sin diferencias en otras de drogas. Los hombres tuvieron significativamente más bradicardia grave (OR = 4,39, IC95% = 1,03-18,7), dolor torácico (OR = 1,72, IC95% = 1,27-2,35) e hipertensión sintomática (OR = 1,56, IC95% = 1,06-2,30) y menos ansiedad (OR = 0,74, IC95% = 0,61-0,89) y vómitos (OR = 0,64, IC95% = 0,51-0,80). Tuvieron también más eventos adversos combinados (3,1% vs 2,0%, p = ,047) y más intubaciones (1,9% vs 1,0%, p = ,044), pero sin diferencias significativas en el modelo ajustado (OR = 1,349, IC95% = 0,827-2,202 y OR = 1,371, IC95% = 0,700-2,685, respectivamente). Fallecieron 12 pacientes (0,3%), sin diferencias según sexo. Concluimos que existen diferencias según el sexo en las drogas que originan intoxicaciones atendidas en los SUH. Las diferencias en sintomatología cardiovascular (más en hombres) y ansiosa o digestiva (más en mujeres) no se explican por diferencias sociodemográficas o de drogas utilizadas. ... (AU)

In order to identify the sociodemographic, clinical, emergency management and severity differences of drug poisoning treated in Emergency Departments (ED) from a gender perspective, data on patients from 11 Spanish EDs were recorded over 24 months (August 2017-July 2019). The severity of intoxication was compared by sex and was based on the combined adverse event (orotracheal intubation, cardiorespiratory arrest, intensive care hospitalization, and death). We included 4,526 patients (men 75.5%), with a mean age of 33 years. The most frequent drugs were: cocaine (47.8%), cannabis (44.4%) and amphetamines (25.5%). Men consumed more GHB (5.6% vs. 1.9%, p < .001) and less benzodiazepines (8.0% vs. 11.1%, p = .002) and alcohol (57.2% vs. 61.2%, p = .028) than women, with no differences in other types of drugs. Men presented significantly more severe bradycardia (OR = 4.39, 95%CI = 1.03-18.7), chest pain (OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.27-2.35) and symptomatic hypertension (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.06-2.30) and less anxiety (OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.61-0.89) and vomiting (OR = 0.64, CI95% = 0.51-0.80). Men had more combined adverse events (3.1% vs. 2.0%, p = .047) and a greater intubations (1.9% vs. 1.0%, p = .044), with no significant differences in the adjusted model (OR = 1.349, 95%CI = 0.827-2.202 and OR = 1.371, 95%CI = 0.700-2.685, respectively). Twelve patients died (0.3%), with no differences according to sex. Drug intoxications attended in the ED differ according to sex. GHB, benzodiazepines and alcohol are more frequently involved in men than women. Cardiovascular symptomatology is more prevalent in men, while anxiety and vomiting are more frequent in women, which cannot be explained by differences in sociodemographic characteristics or the drugs used. There were no differences in the severity of the intoxication episodes. (AU)

Avaliação do perfil epidemiológico das hepatites virais no Brasil - 2010 A 2021 / Evaluation of the epidemiological profile of viral hepatitis in Brazil - 2010 to 2021

As hepatites virais são doenças que apresentam elevado impacto de morbimortalidade no mundo, sendo assim, consideradas um grave problema para a saúde pública. Nos últimos anos o enfrentamento das hepatites virais tem sido um grande desafio, principalmente para os países com alta prevalência de vulnerabilidades sociais. Medidas de controle e prevenção da doença devem ser tomadas, por isso torna-se necessário a realização de estudos que contemplem conhecimentos sobre a dinâmica epidemiológica das hepatites para demonstrar sua importância em relação a saúde pública. Objetivo: O objetivo nesta pesquisa foi analisar o perfil epidemiológico das hepatites virais no Brasil, no período de 2010 a 2021. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, descritivo, retrospectivo e qualiquantitativo que utilizou como unidades de análise as unidades federativas brasileiras. Os dados foram coletados a partir das informações disponíveis no site TABNET/DATASUS, DCCI, e a estimativa da população anual absoluta foi obtida no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Resultados: No período analisado foram registrados 476.981 casos de hepatites virais no Brasil, destacando-se a notificação de casos de hepatite C, seguida pela hepatite B, A e D. Com relação a taxa de incidência, a Região Norte destacou-se para hepatite A e D, e a Região Sudeste para hepatite B e C. O sexo do indivíduo acometido em todos os tipos de hepatite virais analisados que se destacou foi o masculino, mas com pouca diferença do feminino. Foram registrados 25.553 óbitos, sendo 78,3% devido à hepatite C. A presente pesquisa nos permitiu concluir que o tipo de hepatite mais relatada no Brasil é a tipo C, assim como a que mais provoca óbitos. Todas as hepatites virais apresentaram queda nas notificações no ano de 2020 e 2021 e por isso este fato deve ser analisado pelos setores de vigilância pois pode se tratar de subnotificações, principalmente devido a situação do país neste período, que enfrentava a pandemia de COVID-19

Viral hepatitis is a disease with a high impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide and hence considered a serious problem for public health. Fighting viral hepatitis has been a major challenge in recent years, especially for countries with a high prevalence of social vulnerabilities. Measures to control and prevent the disease must therefore be taken, so studies that include knowledge about the epidemiological dynamics of hepatitis are warranted to demonstrate its importance to public health. In the objective of the present study was to analyze the epidemiological profile of viral hepatitis in Brazil in the period from 2010 to 2021. A cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, and qualitative-quantitative investigation was carried out using the federative units of Brazil as units of analysis. Data were collected from information available on the TABNET/DATASUS, DCCI website, and the absolute annual population estimate was obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). In the analyzed period, 476,981 cases of viral hepatitis were recorded in Brazil, the majority of which referred to hepatitis C, followed by hepatitis B, A, and D. As regards the incidence rate, the north region stood out with hepatitis A and D; and the southeast region with hepatitis B and C. Males prevailed between the genders of individuals affected, considering all types of viral hepatitis analyzed, but with little difference from females. A total of 25,553 deaths were recorded, 78.3% of which were due to hepatitis C. Conclusions: The present study allowed us to conclude that the most reported type of hepatitis in Brazil is type C, which is also the most death-causing. There was a drop in notifications of all viral hepatitis in 2020 and 2021, and this fact should be analyzed by surveillance sectors as it may be a situation of underreporting, due mainly to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis the country was facing in the period