Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising Within a Linear Porokeratosis

Here we report a case of linear porokeratosis with recurrent malignant degeneration to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) recurring six years after excision of initial SCC. A 79-year-old woman presented with a friable tumor located within a longstanding lesion on her posterior thigh. Six years prior, she was diagnosed with SCC arising within the same lesion, which had been surgically excised with negative margins. Physical examination revealed a 3.5 x 2.7 cm friable tumor on the left proximal posterior thigh. The tumor was located within a hyperpigmented and erythematous scaly linear plaque within a line of Blaschko, extending from the left buttock to the left distal posterior thigh. Two 4 mm punch biopsies were performed: one of the erythematous plaque on the left buttock and one from the friable tumor on the left posteromedial thigh. Histology from the left buttock revealed a cornoid lamella consistent with porokeratosis and the left posteromedial thigh revealed SCC. The patient underwent Mohs micrographic surgery with negative margins, followed by a linear repair. Porokeratosis is a disorder of epidermal keratinization that has been associated with malignant degeneration, although such cases are rare. The risk of recurrence of SCC arising within a porokeratosis is unknown. This case emphasizes the importance of ongoing monitoring for malignant degeneration within these lesions. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(2)205-206. doi:10.36849/JDD.2020.4640

Clinical course of porokeratosis ptychotropica over 7 years in an otherwise healthy child.

Porokeratosis ptychotropica is an unusual variant of porokeratosis characterized by papules and plaques located on the buttocks and gluteal cleft and showing multiple coronoid lamellae on histology. In this case report, we present the longitudinal clinical course of porokeratosis ptychotropica in a pediatric patient with individual red-brown hyperkeratotic lesions that enlarged and became confluent prior to surgical intervention. We also discuss the etiology of porokeratosis ptychotropica and review current as well as future treatment options for the disease.

Successful Treatment of Porokeratosis With Ablative Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser and Vitamin C, E, and Ferulic Acid Serum

Porokeratosis is a rare disorder of epidermal keratinization that encompasses several clinical forms, characterized by erythematous, annular plaques with an atrophic center and hyperkeratotic ridge-like border. The histopathological hallmark of porokeratosis is the cornoid lamella, a thin column of parakeratotic corneocytes embedded within the stratum corneum. There is no standard treatment regimen for porokeratosis. Current therapeutic modalities include topical agents, systemic medications, and surgical interventions that have variable efficacy. Here, we report a case of a patient with localized porokeratosis lesions on the face and extremities that resolved after one treatment session with carbon dioxide laser resurfacing combined with topical antioxidant serum containing L-ascorbic acid, alpha tocopherol, and ferulic acid. The diagnosis of porokeratosis was supported by the clinical presentation, dermoscopy, and in vivo skin imaging with optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy. This case highlights the utility of using carbon dioxide laser to ablate porokeratosis lesions, as well as the clinical advantages offered by new noninvasive skin imaging modalities to examine, diagnose, and follow up skin pathologies. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(11):1174-1176.

Light and laser treatment modalities for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis: a systematic review.

Treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is poorly standardized. The present review seeks to comprehensively discuss the potential for laser and light modalities in the treatment of DSAP. A systematic review of light and laser treatment modalities was conducted to include 26 cases of patients with DSAP. Systematic review resulted in 14 articles to be included. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) overall was the least successful treatment modality, with clinical improvement seen in a minority of patients (MAL-PDT: N = 9 patients, 33.3% showed improvement; ALA-PDT: N = 3 patients, 0% improvement; hypericin-PDT: N = 2 patients, 0% improvement) after numerous post-procedural side effects of hyperpigmentation, inflammation, erythema, and discomfort. Overall, in the available reports, PDT demonstrates poor outcomes with greater incidence of side effects. The response rates of DSAP lesions treated with lasers were as follows: (Q-switched ruby lasers: N = 2, 100%; CO2 laser: N = 1, 100%; PDT and CO2 combination therapy: N = 2, 0-50%; erbium and neodymium YAG lasers: N = 2, 100%; fractional 1927-nm thulium fiber lasers: N = 2, 100%; Grenz rays: N = 1, 100%; and fractional photothermolysis: N = 2, 100%). The side effects of laser therapy were minimal and included mild erythema, slight hyperpigmentation, and moderate edema. Laser therapy is a promising treatment option for DSAP with an excellent side effect profile. However, higher power studies are required to determine optimal guidelines for laser treatment of DSAP.

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis improved with fractional 1927-nm laser treatments.

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is an inherited disorder of keratinization readily diagnosed through clinical and histologic examination. While generally benign in nature, the lesions can have profound psychosocial implications for patients. Although no cure exists, a number of treatment modalities, from topical medications to laser and light devices, have been reported with variable success. The authors report two cases of DSAP treated with the 1927-nm thulium fiber fractional laser along with a review of the treatment literature for DSAP. This therapy is convenient and safe with nearly no downtime or morbidity associated with pigment or textural changes.

Porokeratosis on the scrotum: two cases.

Porokeratosis is a group of hereditary or acquired disorders of epidermal keratinization, characterized by keratotic lesions with an atrophic center and a prominent peripheral ridge. At least seven clinical variants have been identified: the plaque type, disseminated superficial porokeratosis, disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, linear porokeratosis, giant porokeratosis, porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminate, and punctuate porokeratosis. Genital porokeratosis is a rare condition even in disseminated forms. We described two male patients who had porokeratosis only affecting the scrotum. The patients were treated by surgical excision under local anesthesia. One-year follow-up revealed no sign of recurrences and malignant changes.

Ultrapulse carbon dioxide laser treatment of porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus.

Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN) is a rare, benign, cutaneous hamartoma. Approximately 45 cases of PEODDN have been reported, with little information regarding treatment. We report a patient with PEODDN treated successfully using an ultrapulse carbon dioxide laser.

Isolated single digit Porokeratosis of Mibelli: an unusual case.

Porokeratosis of Mibelli is an uncommon dermatosis, which may be associated with immunosuppression and which may undergo malignant transformation. We report a patient with a chronic history of a skin lesion of his right 5th finger that was histologically confirmed to be Porokeratosis of Mibelli. Although it commonly affects the extremities, the isolated involvement of an individual digit of the hand has not been previously reported.

Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus treated with a combination erbium/CO2 laser: a case and brief review.

Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN) is an uncommon disease that presents early in childhood and is characterized by keratotic papules, often in a linear configuration. We describe a 12-year-old girl with characteristic lesions of PEODDN and describe her response to treatment with a combination CO2/Erbium laser. We also briefly review the literature on PEODDN.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising from giant porokeratosis and rare postoperative recurrence and metastasis: A case report.

RATIONALE: Giant porokeratosis is considered to be a variant of porokeratosis of Mibelli (PM) by some medical scholars. Porokeratosis can develop into several epidermal malignant tumors, such as Bowen disease and basal cell carcinoma, among which squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient was a 53-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital due to postoperative recurrence and metastasis as SCC arising from giant PM in his left leg and foot. DIAGNOSES: The pathological results are porokeratosis and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Positron emission tomography and computed tomography results show the local recurrence of the tumor with multiple lymph node metastasis. INTERVENTIONS: This patient was transferred to orthopedic surgery for amputation of the middle and lower left thigh. OUTCOMES: Follow-up for 3 months has shown no recurrence after the surgery. LESSONS: This report reminds us to pay close attention to the likelihood of giant porokeratosis. The physicians should explore all clinical possibilities to avoid misdiagnosis of this rare disease.Although the recurrence rate of SCC arising from giant PM is very low, the surgical resection region should be expanded appropriately such as the en-block resection.

Treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) with the Q-switched ruby laser.

BACKGROUND: Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is one clinical subtype of porokeratosis, a cutaneous disorder of keratinization. A variety of approaches may be used to treat DSAP. The ruby laser appears to be a promising option for DSAP treatment. Traditionally, the ruby laser is used to treat hair removal and lesions involving hyperpigmentation. Its use may be further applied to treat the hyperpigmented lesions of DSAP. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the efficacy of the ruby laser in treating a case of DSAP. METHODS: A 48-year-old female, with a history of pseudoxanthoma elasticum and DSAP, received three Q-switched ruby laser treatments (694 nm) to over 50 sites on the lower and upper extremities. Clinical outcome and patient satisfaction was followed-up. RESULTS: Minimal to moderate erythema and appropriate whitening was noted after each treatment. The patient tolerated treatments well and hyperpigmentation and erythema of the majority of the lesions decreased. The patient was very pleased with the results and reports satisfactory cosmetic outcome 3 months later. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from the current case suggests that the ruby laser is moderately successful in treating DSAP and may still provide a good alternative to other available treatments. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential of combined ruby laser treatment for DSAP and to determine the appropriate laser pulse duration and fluence for effective treatment.

Successful treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis with Q-switched ruby laser.

Porokeratosis, a cutaneous disorder that is characterized histologically by the presence of a "cornoid lamella", is a progressive disease with limited therapeutic modalities. We report a case of a 61-year-old man suffering from disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, one of the clinical types of porokeratosis, treated with Q-switched ruby laser, commonly used for the treatment of pigmented skin diseases. The laser therapy provided striking improvement and no clinical recurrence was noted.