[Prevalence and clinical aspects of superficial mycosis in hospitalized diabetic patients in Tunisia]. / Prevalence et aspects cliniques des mycoses superficielles chez le diabétique tunisien en milieu hospitalier.

OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of mycotic infection seems to be higher among diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic population. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of mycosis and to compare clinical and fungal results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This transversal study included 307 type 1 and 2 diabetic patients admitted between January 1998 and January 2000. A dermatologist examined all patients. The mean age was 44 +/- 17 years and the duration of diabetes 8 +/- 6 years. Patients with suspected lesions underwent mycological examination. RESULTS: Clinical signs of presumed fungal infection were found in 61% of patients, but mycosis was confirmed only in 30%. Fungal foot infection accounted 38% of the patients, mostly due to dermatophytes (94%). The commonest localizations of dermatophytes were interdigital (60%) followed by onychomycosis (30%). The main fungal agent was Trichophyton rubrum. The main risk factors for fungal infections were the age of patients (P = 0.0003) and duration of diabetes (P < 0.05). Interdigital foot localization of dermatophytes was correlated to age (P < 0.0001) and to the male gender (P < 0.01). The frequency of dermatophytes in nails was higher in type 2 diabetic patients (P < 0.01). Vulvovaginal candidosis and interdigital dermatophytes were more frequent in obese than in non-obese patients. The accuracy and specificity of direct examination were respectively 85% and 79%. CONCLUSION: The high frequency of mycosis in diabetic patients at hospital is demonstrated. The main risk factors were age, male gender and obesity.