Increased susceptibility to vaginal simian/human immunodeficiency virus transmission in pig-tailed macaques coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis.
J Infect Dis
; 210(8): 1239-47, 2014 Oct 15.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24755433
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but their biological effect on HIV susceptibility is not fully understood.METHODS:
Female pig-tailed macaques inoculated with Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis (n = 9) or medium (controls; n = 7) were repeatedly challenged intravaginally with SHIVSF162p3. Virus levels were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction, plasma and genital cytokine levels by Luminex assays, and STI clinical signs by colposcopy.RESULTS:
Simian/HIV (SHIV) susceptibility was enhanced in STI-positive macaques (P = .04, by the log-rank test; relative risk, 2.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.6]). All STI-positive macaques were SHIV infected, whereas 3 controls (43%) remained uninfected. Moreover, relative to STI-negative animals, SHIV infections occurred earlier in the menstrual cycle in STI-positive macaques (P = .01, by the Wilcoxon test). Levels of inflammatory cytokines (interferon γ, interleukin 6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) were higher in STI-positive macaques during STI inoculation and SHIV exposure periods (P ≤ .05, by the Wilcoxon test).CONCLUSIONS:
C. trachomatis and T. vaginalis infection increase the susceptibility to SHIV, likely because of prolonged genital tract inflammation. These novel data demonstrate a biological link between these nonulcerative STIs and the risk of SHIV infection, supporting epidemiological associations of HIV and STIs. This study establishes a macaque model for studies of high-risk HIV transmission and prevention.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Trichomonas vaginalis
/
Vaginite por Trichomonas
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Infecções por Chlamydia
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia
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Coinfecção
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2014
Tipo de documento:
Article