Randomized, Controlled, Crossover trial of Prevention of Clindamycin-Induced Gastrointestinal Signs Using a Synbiotic in Healthy Research Cats.

BACKGROUND: Synbiotics often are prescribed to limit antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal signs (AAGS) in cats, but data to support this recommendation are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether synbiotic co-administration mitigates AAGS in healthy research cats treated with clindamycin. ANIMALS: 16 healthy research cats. METHODS: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 2-way, 2-period, crossover study with a 6-week washout was performed. Each study period consisted of a 1-week baseline and a 3-week treatment period. Cats received 75 mg clindamycin with food once daily for 3 weeks, followed 1 hour later by either 2 capsules of a synbiotic or placebo. Food consumption, vomiting, fecal score, and completion of treatment were compared using repeated measures split plot or crossover designs with covariates, with P < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Cats that received the synbiotic were more likely to complete treatment in period 1 (100% vs. 50%, P = 0.04). Cats vomited less when receiving the synbiotic but this was not significant, but there were significant period effects (F-value = 11.4, P < 0.01). Cats had higher food intake while receiving the synbiotic (F-value = 31.1, P < 0.01) despite period effects (F-value = 8.6, P < 0.01). There was no significant effect of treatment on fecal scores, which significantly increased over time (F-value = 17.9, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Administration of a synbiotic 1 hour after clindamycin administration decreased hyporexia and vomiting in healthy cats. Additionally, significant period effects suggest that clinical benefits of synbiotic administration persist for at least 6 weeks after discontinuation, decreasing the severity of AAGS in cats that subsequently received clindamycin with placebo. Unlike in people, synbiotic administration did not decrease antibiotic-associated diarrhea.