Fast 3D brain MR fingerprinting based on multi-axis spiral projection trajectory.

PURPOSE: To develop a fast, sub-millimeter 3D magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) technique for whole-brain quantitative scans. METHODS: An acquisition trajectory based on multi-axis spiral projection imaging (maSPI) was implemented for 3D MRF with steady-state precession and slab excitation. By appropriately assigning the in-plane and through-plane rotations of spiral interleaves in a novel acquisition scheme, an maSPI-based acquisition was implemented, and the total acquisition time was reduced by up to a factor of 8 compared to stack-of-spiral (SOS)-based acquisition. A sliding-window method was also used to further reduce the required number of time points for a faster acquisition. The experiments were conducted both on a phantom and in vivo. RESULTS: The results from the phantom measurements with the proposed and gold standard methods were consistent with a good linear correlation and an R2 value approaching 0.99. The in vivo experiments achieved whole-brain parametric maps with isotropic resolutions of 1 mm and 0.8 mm in 5.0 and 6.0 min, respectively, with potential for further acceleration. An in vivo experiment with intentionally moving subjects demonstrated that the maSPI scheme largely outperforms the SOS scheme in terms of robustness to head motion. CONCLUSION: 3D MRF with an maSPI acquisition scheme enables fast and robust scans for high-resolution parametric mapping.