2,2'-bipy, 2,2-bipyridine; 6-mepic, 6-methylpicolinic acid; Ad, adenosine; Ala, alanine; Ala-Gly, alanylglycine; Ala-His, alanylhistidine; Ala-Ser, alanylserine; Amino acids; Antidiabetics; Antitumors; Asp, aspartic acid; BEOV, bis(ethylmaltolate)oxovanadium(IV); Chemical speciation; Cys, cysteine; Cyt, citrate; DMF, N,N-dimethylformamide; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; EPR, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance; G, Gauss; Glu, glutamic acid; Gly, glycine; GlyAla, glycylalanine; GlyGly, glycylglycine; GlyGlyCys, glycylglycylcysteine; GlyGlyGly, glycylglycylglycine; GlyGlyHis, glycylglycylhistidine; GlyPhe, glycylphenylalanine; GlyTyr, glycyltyrosine; GlyVal, glycylvaline; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HSA, albumin; Hb, hemoglobin; His, histidine; HisGlyGly, histidylglycylglycine; Ig, immunoglobulins; Im, imidazole; L-Glu(γ)HXM, l-glutamic acid γ-monohydroxamate; LD50, the amount of a toxic agent (such as a poison, virus, or radiation) that is sufficient to kill 50 percent of population of animals; Lac, lactate; MeCN, acetonitrile; NADH and NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NEP, neutral endopeptidas; NMR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Ox, oxalate; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PTP1B, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B; Pic, picolinic acid; Pro, proline; Pro-Ala, prolylalanine; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; Sal-Ala, N-salicylidene-l-alaninate; SalGly, salicylglycine; SalGlyAla, salicylglycylalanine; Ser, serine; T, Tesla; THF, tetrahydrofuran; Thr, threonine; VBPO, vanadium bromoperoxidases; VanSer, Schiff base formed from o-vanillin and l-serine; Vanadium complexes; acac, acetylacetone; dhp, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridinone; dipic, dipicolinic acid; dmpp, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonate; hTf, transferring; hpno, 2-hydroxypyridine-N-oxide; l.m.m., low molecular mass; mal, maltol; py, pyridine; sal-l-Phe, N-salicylidene-l-tryptophanate; salGlyGly, N-salicylideneglycylglycinate; salSer, N-salicylideneserinate; salTrp, N-salicylidene-L tryptophanate; salVal, N-salicylidene-l-valinate; salophen, N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine; saltrp, N-salicylidene-l-tryptophanate; γ-PGA, poly-γ-glutamic acid