Transplantation of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Up-Regulates Angiogenic Factor Expression to Attenuate Diabetic Kidney Disease in Rats.

Background and Aims: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent and intractable microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), the process of which is closely related to abnormal expression of angiogenesis-regulating factors (ARFs). Stem cell transplantation might be a novel strategy for treating DKD. This study aims to explore the effect of transplantation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) on renal microangiopathy in a type 1 DKD rat model (T1DRM). Methods: Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into three groups, including normal control group, DKD group, and hAMSCs transplantation group. T1DRM was established using a rat tail vein injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg). hAMSCs were obtained from placental amniotic membranes during cesarean delivery and transplanted at 3 and 4 weeks through penile veins. At 6, 8, and 12 weeks following transplantation, blood glucose levels, renal function, pathological kidney alterations, and the expressions of ARFs' mRNA and protein were analyzed. Results: In T1DRM, transplanted hAMSCs that were homed at the injured site of kidneys increased ARFs' expression and decreased blood glucose levels. Compared to the DKD group, the levels of 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, urea, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were reduced in hAMSCs transplantation group. In terms of renal pathology such as the degree of basement membrane thickening, hAMSCs transplantation was also less severe than the DKD group, thereby alleviating kidney injury. Conclusion: hAMSCs transplantation might ameliorate STZ-induced chronic kidney injury through increasing ARFs' expression in kidneys and lowering blood glucose levels.