Dietary pattern and risk of hyperuricemia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The associations of posteriori dietary patterns with the risk of hyperuricemia (HUA) are contradictory. Several fair-quality observational studies with inconsistent results have been published following a prior review. Herein, we carried out an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively analyze the aforementioned relationships. Methods: Our analysis protocol has been registered with PROSPEPO (Number CRD42022376745). English publications were searched in Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to January 1, 2024. Summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by a random-effects model. We also conducted subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses and publication bias assessments. Results: Thirteen studies with a total of 163,192 participants were included in the current meta-analysis. Our finding revealed that the plant-based pattern was linked with a 17% decreased risk of HUA (OR = 0.83, 95%CI = 0.72-0.94, I2 = 72.9%, n = 10). There was no evidence of publication bias in the present analysis. The results of subgroup analyses were generally consistent with the main findings. In meta-regression analyses, no evidence of heterogeneity was detected in the subgroups. Furthermore, our analyses indicated that the animal-based food pattern (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.25-1.47, I2 = 26.7%, n = 11) and sweet food pattern (OR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.06-1.46, I2 = 0, n = 2) was related to an increased risk of HUA. Conclusion: The plant-based pattern is inversely correlated with HUA risk, whereas animal-based food patterns and sweet food patterns are positively correlated with HUA risk.